Sudarshan laser-guided bomb - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	* [[GBU-16 Paveway II]]		* [[GBU-16 Paveway II]]
	* [[Griffin LGB]]		* [[Griffin LGB]]

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	The ADE won the project for developing an LGB in 2006. The project aimed to develop an advanced laser guidance kit for 450 kg (1000 pound) class dumb bombs to improve their accuracy.<ref name=tniex20f /> The Sudarshan kit incorporates laser guidance developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment\|ADE]] for 450 kg (1000 pound) bombs to improve the accuracy of a conventional bomb.<ref>{{cite web\|first=Jayesh \|last=Limaye \|url=http://archive.techtree.com/techtree/jsp/article.jsp?article_id=113212&cat_id=547 \|title=India Develops Laser Guided Bomb \|publisher=Archive.techtree.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> The guidance consists of a computer control group (CCG), canards attached to the front of the warhead for steering and a wing assembly attached to the rear end to provide lift.<ref name="Silicone" />		The ADE won the project for developing an LGB in 2006. The project aimed to develop an advanced laser guidance kit for 450 kg (1000 pound) class dumb bombs to improve their accuracy.<ref name=tniex20f /> The Sudarshan kit incorporates laser guidance developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment\|ADE]] for 450 kg (1000 pound) bombs to improve the accuracy of a conventional bomb.<ref>{{cite web\|first=Jayesh \|last=Limaye \|url=http://archive.techtree.com/techtree/jsp/article.jsp?article_id=113212&cat_id=547 \|title=India Develops Laser Guided Bomb \|publisher=Archive.techtree.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> The guidance consists of a computer control group (CCG), canards attached to the front of the warhead for steering and a wing assembly attached to the rear end to provide lift.<ref name="Silicone" />

	The guidance kits for beam riding and providing an accurate flight path have been fitted at the front and rear ends of the bomb. The laser-guidance seeker, fitted on the nose of the LGB is a very critical component, which was designed jointly by [[IIT Delhi]] and ADE, with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) as the lead production agency. A [[laser designator]] is used to mark a target. The on-board seeker detects the laser light reflected from the target and signals the kit's control surfaces to guide it towards the designated target. The seeker provides information on the deviation of the laser sport from the centre line of the detector. Sudarshan has an on-board flight-control computer with microelectronic-mechanical systems-based rate gyros. It also has high-precision linear ball-lead-screw actuators.<ref name=tniex20f>{{cite news\|title=Air Force orders 50 laser-guided bombs from ADE\|url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1471238.ece\|access-date=20 February 2013\|newspaper=The New Indian Express\|date=20 February ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name=lastec>{{cite web\|title=The Laser Science And Technology Centre\|url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/LASTEC/English/index.jsp?pg=Director.jsp\|publisher=DRDO\|access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indiatech5.in/video/indias-first-laser-guided-bomb-sudarshan/ \|title=Description of the mechanism \|publisher=Indiatech5.in \|date=2010-05-23 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		The guidance kits for beam riding and providing an accurate flight path have been fitted at the front and rear ends of the bomb. The laser-guidance seeker, fitted on the nose of the LGB is a very critical component, which was designed jointly by [[IIT Delhi]] and ADE, with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) as the lead production agency. A [[laser designator]] is used to mark a target. The on-board seeker detects the laser light reflected from the target and signals the kit's control surfaces to guide it towards the designated target. The seeker provides information on the deviation of the laser sport from the centre line of the detector. Sudarshan has an on-board flight-control computer with microelectronic-mechanical systems-based rate gyros. It also has high-precision linear ball-lead-screw actuators.<ref name=tniex20f>{{cite news\|title=Air Force orders 50 laser-guided bombs from ADE\|url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1471238.ece\|access-date=20 February 2013\|newspaper=The New Indian Express\|date=20 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=lastec>{{cite web\|title=The Laser Science And Technology Centre\|url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/LASTEC/English/index.jsp?pg=Director.jsp\|publisher=DRDO\|access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indiatech5.in/video/indias-first-laser-guided-bomb-sudarshan/ \|title=Description of the mechanism \|publisher=Indiatech5.in \|date=2010-05-23 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

	==Testing==		==Testing==
	The ADE had successfully designed, developed and carried out the user trials of laser-guided bomb kits with the participation of the IAF.<ref name=tniex20f /><ref name="imr">[[Indian Military Review]], 2012, Volume 3, No. 5, May 2012, Page 54, Precision guided munitions</ref><ref name=is30s13>{{cite web\|author=Air Marshal (Retd) AK Trikha\|title=IAF's requirement of PGMs in the next decade\|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3035_IAF_requirement_PGM_next_decade.htm\|publisher=India Strategic\|access-date=30 September ~~2022~~}}</ref>		The ADE had successfully designed, developed and carried out the user trials of laser-guided bomb kits with the participation of the IAF.<ref name=tniex20f /><ref name="imr">[[Indian Military Review]], 2012, Volume 3, No. 5, May 2012, Page 54, Precision guided munitions</ref><ref name=is30s13>{{cite web\|author=Air Marshal (Retd) AK Trikha\|title=IAF's requirement of PGMs in the next decade\|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3035_IAF_requirement_PGM_next_decade.htm\|publisher=India Strategic\|access-date=30 September 2013}}</ref>

	On January 21, 2010, it was reported that two flight trials had been conducted at the Integrated Test Range at [[Chandipur, Orissa#Army\|Chandipur, Balasore in Orissa]], to test the effectiveness of the guidance and control systems of laser-guided bombs. The on-board systems in both the trials worked satisfactorily and had met the mission objectives.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/jan/21/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-successfully.htm \|title=India tests laser guided bombs successfully \|publisher=News.rediff.com \|date=2010-01-21 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		On January 21, 2010, it was reported that two flight trials had been conducted at the Integrated Test Range at [[Chandipur, Orissa#Army\|Chandipur, Balasore in Orissa]], to test the effectiveness of the guidance and control systems of laser-guided bombs. The on-board systems in both the trials worked satisfactorily and had met the mission objectives.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/jan/21/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-successfully.htm \|title=India tests laser guided bombs successfully \|publisher=News.rediff.com \|date=2010-01-21 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>
	The test was conducted by pilots of the [[Indian Air Force]], who flew the aircraft and released the bombs as per prescribed standard operating procedures.<ref>{{cite web\|author=IndianMoD \|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-23804/ \|title=India Tests Laser-Guided Bombs \|publisher=Defencetalk.com \|date=2010-01-25 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		The test was conducted by pilots of the [[Indian Air Force]], who flew the aircraft and released the bombs as per prescribed standard operating procedures.<ref>{{cite web\|author=IndianMoD \|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-23804/ \|title=India Tests Laser-Guided Bombs \|publisher=Defencetalk.com \|date=2010-01-25 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

	On June 9, 2010, user trials of the laser-guided bomb kits were carried out at [[Pokhran]] test range with the participation of the IAF.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Aroor\|first=Shiv\|title=DRDO: Indian Laser Guided Bomb Kits Successfully Tested By IAF\|url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2010/06/drdo-indian-laser-guided-bomb-kits.html\|access-date=2020-09-23\|website=Livefist\|language=en-US}}</ref> Flight tests have demonstrated the accuracy, reliability and performance of these precision air-launched bombs. The tests were conducted after extensive simulation, design validation and ground experiments followed by series of flight evaluations.<ref name=ibnl9j>{{cite news\|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF\|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126064156/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=January 26, 2013\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=IBN Live\|date=June 9, ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name=de9j>{{cite news\|title=Laser guided bombs tested\|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/10june10/news1.htm\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=Daily Excelsior\|date=9 June ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name=oanan>{{cite web\|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF\|url=http://www.oananews.org/node/127066\|publisher=Organisation for Asia-Pacific News Agencies\|access-date=13 July ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name=dc10j>{{cite news\|title=DRDO's laser-guided bombs display accuracy\|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/74721/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-display.html\|access-date=29 January 2013\|newspaper=Deccan Herald\|date=10 June ~~2022~~}}</ref>		On June 9, 2010, user trials of the laser-guided bomb kits were carried out at [[Pokhran]] test range with the participation of the IAF.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Aroor\|first=Shiv\|title=DRDO: Indian Laser Guided Bomb Kits Successfully Tested By IAF\|url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2010/06/drdo-indian-laser-guided-bomb-kits.html\|access-date=2020-09-23\|website=Livefist\|language=en-US}}</ref> Flight tests have demonstrated the accuracy, reliability and performance of these precision air-launched bombs. The tests were conducted after extensive simulation, design validation and ground experiments followed by series of flight evaluations.<ref name=ibnl9j>{{cite news\|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF\|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126064156/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=January 26, 2013\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=IBN Live\|date=June 9, 2010}}</ref><ref name=de9j>{{cite news\|title=Laser guided bombs tested\|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/10june10/news1.htm\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=Daily Excelsior\|date=9 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=oanan>{{cite web\|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF\|url=http://www.oananews.org/node/127066\|publisher=Organisation for Asia-Pacific News Agencies\|access-date=13 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=dc10j>{{cite news\|title=DRDO's laser-guided bombs display accuracy\|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/74721/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-display.html\|access-date=29 January 2013\|newspaper=Deccan Herald\|date=10 June 2010}}</ref>

	==Performance==		==Performance==
	The kit can guide a bomb within 10 m [[Circular error probable\|CEP]] from its otherwise 400 m to 1000 m fall off the target.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Technology Focus\|date=December 2010\|volume=18\|issue=6\|pages=5–6\|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/44208704/Indian-UAV-Programmes-Tech-Focus\|title=Indian UAV Programmes\|access-date=27 September 2014\|publisher=Bulletin of Defence Research and Development Organisation\|issn=0971-4413}}</ref> If dropped from normal altitude, it has a range of around 9 km.<ref name=tniex20f /> A program to extend the kit's capability to further increase its range using [[global positioning system\|GPS]] is ongoing. It is expected to rival the [[GBU-16 Paveway II]] in performance.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 \|title=Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Made in India \|publisher=Defstrat.com \|date=2010-11-04 \|access-date=2012-02-19 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514023950/http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 \|archive-date=2012-05-14 }}</ref> However, reports indicate that the kit may not support [[bunker buster]] bombs, forcing the IAF to look for alternatives.<ref name=sk44>{{cite news\|title=Lockheed lowest bidder for laser-guided bombs for IAF\|url=http://samantk.com/News/Defence/lockheed-lowest-bidder-for-laser-guided-bombs-for-iaf.html\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=Samantk.com\|date=4 April ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name=is12j>{{cite web\|title=India set to acquire precision bomb technology\|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories13.htm\|publisher=India Strategic\|access-date=13 July ~~2022~~}}</ref>		The kit can guide a bomb within 10 m [[Circular error probable\|CEP]] from its otherwise 400 m to 1000 m fall off the target.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Technology Focus\|date=December 2010\|volume=18\|issue=6\|pages=5–6\|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/44208704/Indian-UAV-Programmes-Tech-Focus\|title=Indian UAV Programmes\|access-date=27 September 2014\|publisher=Bulletin of Defence Research and Development Organisation\|issn=0971-4413}}</ref> If dropped from normal altitude, it has a range of around 9 km.<ref name=tniex20f /> A program to extend the kit's capability to further increase its range using [[global positioning system\|GPS]] is ongoing. It is expected to rival the [[GBU-16 Paveway II]] in performance.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 \|title=Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Made in India \|publisher=Defstrat.com \|date=2010-11-04 \|access-date=2012-02-19 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514023950/http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 \|archive-date=2012-05-14 }}</ref> However, reports indicate that the kit may not support [[bunker buster]] bombs, forcing the IAF to look for alternatives.<ref name=sk44>{{cite news\|title=Lockheed lowest bidder for laser-guided bombs for IAF\|url=http://samantk.com/News/Defence/lockheed-lowest-bidder-for-laser-guided-bombs-for-iaf.html\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=Samantk.com\|date=4 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=is12j>{{cite web\|title=India set to acquire precision bomb technology\|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories13.htm\|publisher=India Strategic\|access-date=13 July 2012}}</ref>

	The successful trials and flight tests in 2010 led ADE to further improve the bomb's accuracy. The Indian Air Force is upgrading a large number of unguided bombs to this standard based on the successful results.<ref name="imr" /><ref name=dc10j /> Sudarshan will be in service with the IAF bombers squadrons of [[Mikoyan MiG-27\|MiG-27]] and [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]. Also, several other fighters in the IAF could carry these bombs for the air-to-ground attack tasks like [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI\|Su-30MKI]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000#India\|Mirage-2000]] and [[Mikoyan MiG-29\|MiG-29]].<ref name="xinhua"/> It might also be used by the [[Indian Army]] for its long range artillery strike weapon and [[Indian Navy]] from an on-board launcher.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports/4081 \|title=A 2008 news report \|publisher=India-defence.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		The successful trials and flight tests in 2010 led ADE to further improve the bomb's accuracy. The Indian Air Force is upgrading a large number of unguided bombs to this standard based on the successful results.<ref name="imr" /><ref name=dc10j /> Sudarshan will be in service with the IAF bombers squadrons of [[Mikoyan MiG-27\|MiG-27]] and [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]. Also, several other fighters in the IAF could carry these bombs for the air-to-ground attack tasks like [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI\|Su-30MKI]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000#India\|Mirage-2000]] and [[Mikoyan MiG-29\|MiG-29]].<ref name="xinhua"/> It might also be used by the [[Indian Army]] for its long range artillery strike weapon and [[Indian Navy]] from an on-board launcher.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports/4081 \|title=A 2008 news report \|publisher=India-defence.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:01, 6 November 2022
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	'''Sudarshan''' ([[Hindi]]: सुदर्शन, "good-looking", also [[Krishna]]'s [[Chakra]]) is an Indian [[laser-guided bomb]] kit, developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment]] (ADE), a [[Defence Research and Development Organisation\|DRDO]] lab with technological support from another DRDO lab [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]] (IRDE),<ref>{{cite web\|author=Dehradun, Oct 20 (PTI) \|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/106116/india-develops-first-laser-guided.html \|title=India develops first Laser Guided Bomb \|publisher=Deccanherald.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|author=Nitsi \|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/10/21/india-invents-laser-guide-bomb.html \|title=India invents 1st Laser Guided Bomb \|publisher=News.oneindia.in \|date=2010-10-21 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> for the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF).<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://netindian.in/news/2010/01/21/0004971/india-conducts-flight-trials-laser-guided-bombs \|title=India conducts flight trials of laser-guided bombs \|publisher=Netindian.in \|date=2010-01-21 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref name="msn">{{citation \|url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246&_p=544152d2-2200-4721-9dbc-eff67faec052#page=1 \|publisher=MSN News \|title=India develops first laser guided bomb \|access-date=2012-02-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023005845/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246#page=1 \|archive-date=2010-10-23 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="xinhua">{{cite web\|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/20/c_13567264.htm \|title=India successfully develops advanced laser guided bomb \|publisher=News.xinhuanet.com \|date=2010-10-20 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		'''Sudarshan''' ([[Hindi]]: सुदर्शन, "good-looking", also [[Krishna]]'s [[Chakra]]) is an Indian [[laser-guided bomb]] kit, developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment]] (ADE), a [[Defence Research and Development Organisation\|DRDO]] lab with technological support from another DRDO lab [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]] (IRDE),<ref>{{cite web\|author=Dehradun, Oct 20 (PTI) \|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/106116/india-develops-first-laser-guided.html \|title=India develops first Laser Guided Bomb \|publisher=Deccanherald.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|author=Nitsi \|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/10/21/india-invents-laser-guide-bomb.html \|title=India invents 1st Laser Guided Bomb \|publisher=News.oneindia.in \|date=2010-10-21 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> for the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF).<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://netindian.in/news/2010/01/21/0004971/india-conducts-flight-trials-laser-guided-bombs \|title=India conducts flight trials of laser-guided bombs \|publisher=Netindian.in \|date=2010-01-21 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref name="msn">{{citation \|url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246&_p=544152d2-2200-4721-9dbc-eff67faec052#page=1 \|publisher=MSN News \|title=India develops first laser guided bomb \|access-date=2012-02-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023005845/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246#page=1 \|archive-date=2010-10-23 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="xinhua">{{cite web\|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/20/c_13567264.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024135019/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/20/c_13567264.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=October 24, 2010 \|title=India successfully develops advanced laser guided bomb \|publisher=News.xinhuanet.com \|date=2010-10-20 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

	==Background==		==Background==
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	The ADE won the project for developing an LGB in 2006. The project aimed to develop an advanced laser guidance kit for 450 kg (1000 pound) class dumb bombs to improve their accuracy.<ref name=tniex20f /> The Sudarshan kit incorporates laser guidance developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment\|ADE]] for 450 kg (1000 pound) bombs to improve the accuracy of a conventional bomb.<ref>{{cite web\|first=Jayesh \|last=Limaye \|url=http://archive.techtree.com/techtree/jsp/article.jsp?article_id=113212&cat_id=547 \|title=India Develops Laser Guided Bomb \|publisher=Archive.techtree.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> The guidance consists of a computer control group (CCG), canards attached to the front of the warhead for steering and a wing assembly attached to the rear end to provide lift.<ref name="Silicone" />		The ADE won the project for developing an LGB in 2006. The project aimed to develop an advanced laser guidance kit for 450 kg (1000 pound) class dumb bombs to improve their accuracy.<ref name=tniex20f /> The Sudarshan kit incorporates laser guidance developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment\|ADE]] for 450 kg (1000 pound) bombs to improve the accuracy of a conventional bomb.<ref>{{cite web\|first=Jayesh \|last=Limaye \|url=http://archive.techtree.com/techtree/jsp/article.jsp?article_id=113212&cat_id=547 \|title=India Develops Laser Guided Bomb \|publisher=Archive.techtree.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> The guidance consists of a computer control group (CCG), canards attached to the front of the warhead for steering and a wing assembly attached to the rear end to provide lift.<ref name="Silicone" />

	The guidance kits for beam riding and providing an accurate flight path have been fitted at the front and rear ends of the bomb. The laser-guidance seeker, fitted on the nose of the LGB is a very critical component, which was designed jointly by [[IIT Delhi]] and ADE, with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) as the lead production agency. A [[laser designator]] is used to mark a target. The on-board seeker detects the laser light reflected from the target and signals the kit's control surfaces to guide it towards the designated target. The seeker provides information on the deviation of the laser sport from the centre line of the detector. Sudarshan has an on-board flight-control computer with microelectronic-mechanical systems-based rate gyros. It also has high-precision linear ball-lead-screw actuators.<ref name=tniex20f>{{cite news\|title=Air Force orders 50 laser-guided bombs from ADE\|url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1471238.ece\|access-date=20 February 2013\|newspaper=The New Indian Express\|date=20 February ~~2013~~}}</ref><ref name=lastec>{{cite web\|title=The Laser Science And Technology Centre\|url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/LASTEC/English/index.jsp?pg=Director.jsp\|publisher=DRDO\|access-date=2 June ~~2013~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indiatech5.in/video/indias-first-laser-guided-bomb-sudarshan/ \|title=Description of the mechanism \|publisher=Indiatech5.in \|date=2010-05-23 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		The guidance kits for beam riding and providing an accurate flight path have been fitted at the front and rear ends of the bomb. The laser-guidance seeker, fitted on the nose of the LGB is a very critical component, which was designed jointly by [[IIT Delhi]] and ADE, with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) as the lead production agency. A [[laser designator]] is used to mark a target. The on-board seeker detects the laser light reflected from the target and signals the kit's control surfaces to guide it towards the designated target. The seeker provides information on the deviation of the laser sport from the centre line of the detector. Sudarshan has an on-board flight-control computer with microelectronic-mechanical systems-based rate gyros. It also has high-precision linear ball-lead-screw actuators.<ref name=tniex20f>{{cite news\|title=Air Force orders 50 laser-guided bombs from ADE\|url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1471238.ece\|access-date=20 February 2013\|newspaper=The New Indian Express\|date=20 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=lastec>{{cite web\|title=The Laser Science And Technology Centre\|url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/LASTEC/English/index.jsp?pg=Director.jsp\|publisher=DRDO\|access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indiatech5.in/video/indias-first-laser-guided-bomb-sudarshan/ \|title=Description of the mechanism \|publisher=Indiatech5.in \|date=2010-05-23 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

	==Testing==		==Testing==
	The ADE had successfully designed, developed and carried out the user trials of laser-guided bomb kits with the participation of the IAF.<ref name=tniex20f /><ref name="imr">[[Indian Military Review]], 2012, Volume 3, No. 5, May 2012, Page 54, Precision guided munitions</ref><ref name=is30s13>{{cite web\|author=Air Marshal (Retd) AK Trikha\|title=IAF's requirement of PGMs in the next decade\|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3035_IAF_requirement_PGM_next_decade.htm\|publisher=India Strategic\|access-date=30 September ~~2013~~}}</ref>		The ADE had successfully designed, developed and carried out the user trials of laser-guided bomb kits with the participation of the IAF.<ref name=tniex20f /><ref name="imr">[[Indian Military Review]], 2012, Volume 3, No. 5, May 2012, Page 54, Precision guided munitions</ref><ref name=is30s13>{{cite web\|author=Air Marshal (Retd) AK Trikha\|title=IAF's requirement of PGMs in the next decade\|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3035_IAF_requirement_PGM_next_decade.htm\|publisher=India Strategic\|access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref>

	On January 21, 2010, it was reported that two flight trials had been conducted at the Integrated Test Range at [[Chandipur, Orissa#Army\|Chandipur, Balasore in Orissa]], to test the effectiveness of the guidance and control systems of laser-guided bombs. The on-board systems in both the trials worked satisfactorily and had met the mission objectives.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/jan/21/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-successfully.htm \|title=India tests laser guided bombs successfully \|publisher=News.rediff.com \|date=2010-01-21 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		On January 21, 2010, it was reported that two flight trials had been conducted at the Integrated Test Range at [[Chandipur, Orissa#Army\|Chandipur, Balasore in Orissa]], to test the effectiveness of the guidance and control systems of laser-guided bombs. The on-board systems in both the trials worked satisfactorily and had met the mission objectives.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/jan/21/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-successfully.htm \|title=India tests laser guided bombs successfully \|publisher=News.rediff.com \|date=2010-01-21 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>
	The test was conducted by pilots of the [[Indian Air Force]], who flew the aircraft and released the bombs as per prescribed standard operating procedures.<ref>{{cite web\|author=IndianMoD \|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-23804/ \|title=India Tests Laser-Guided Bombs \|publisher=Defencetalk.com \|date=2010-01-25 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		The test was conducted by pilots of the [[Indian Air Force]], who flew the aircraft and released the bombs as per prescribed standard operating procedures.<ref>{{cite web\|author=IndianMoD \|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-23804/ \|title=India Tests Laser-Guided Bombs \|publisher=Defencetalk.com \|date=2010-01-25 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

	On June 9, 2010, user trials of the laser-guided bomb kits were carried out at [[Pokhran]] test range with the participation of the IAF.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Aroor\|first=Shiv\|title=DRDO: Indian Laser Guided Bomb Kits Successfully Tested By IAF\|url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2010/06/drdo-indian-laser-guided-bomb-kits.html\|access-date=2020-09-23\|website=Livefist\|language=en-US}}</ref> Flight tests have demonstrated the accuracy, reliability and performance of these precision air-launched bombs. The tests were conducted after extensive simulation, design validation and ground experiments followed by series of flight evaluations.<ref name=ibnl9j>{{cite news\|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF\|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126064156/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=January 26, 2013\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=IBN Live\|date=June 9, ~~2010~~}}</ref><ref name=de9j>{{cite news\|title=Laser guided bombs tested\|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/10june10/news1.htm\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=Daily Excelsior\|date=9 June ~~2010~~}}</ref><ref name=oanan>{{cite web\|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF\|url=http://www.oananews.org/node/127066\|publisher=Organisation for Asia-Pacific News Agencies\|access-date=13 July ~~2012~~}}</ref><ref name=dc10j>{{cite news\|title=DRDO's laser-guided bombs display accuracy\|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/74721/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-display.html\|access-date=29 January 2013\|newspaper=Deccan Herald\|date=10 June ~~2010~~}}</ref>		On June 9, 2010, user trials of the laser-guided bomb kits were carried out at [[Pokhran]] test range with the participation of the IAF.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Aroor\|first=Shiv\|title=DRDO: Indian Laser Guided Bomb Kits Successfully Tested By IAF\|url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2010/06/drdo-indian-laser-guided-bomb-kits.html\|access-date=2020-09-23\|website=Livefist\|language=en-US}}</ref> Flight tests have demonstrated the accuracy, reliability and performance of these precision air-launched bombs. The tests were conducted after extensive simulation, design validation and ground experiments followed by series of flight evaluations.<ref name=ibnl9j>{{cite news\|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF\|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126064156/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=January 26, 2013\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=IBN Live\|date=June 9, 2022}}</ref><ref name=de9j>{{cite news\|title=Laser guided bombs tested\|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/10june10/news1.htm\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=Daily Excelsior\|date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref name=oanan>{{cite web\|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF\|url=http://www.oananews.org/node/127066\|publisher=Organisation for Asia-Pacific News Agencies\|access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref><ref name=dc10j>{{cite news\|title=DRDO's laser-guided bombs display accuracy\|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/74721/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-display.html\|access-date=29 January 2013\|newspaper=Deccan Herald\|date=10 June 2022}}</ref>

	==Performance==		==Performance==
	The kit can guide a bomb within 10 m [[Circular error probable\|CEP]] from its otherwise 400 m to 1000 m fall off the target.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Technology Focus\|date=December 2010\|volume=18\|issue=6\|pages=5–6\|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/44208704/Indian-UAV-Programmes-Tech-Focus\|title=Indian UAV Programmes\|access-date=27 September 2014\|publisher=Bulletin of Defence Research and Development Organisation\|issn=0971-4413}}</ref> If dropped from normal altitude, it has a range of around 9 km.<ref name=tniex20f /> A program to extend the kit's capability to further increase its range using [[global positioning system\|GPS]] is ongoing.<ref name=drdod10 /><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://weapons.technology.youngester.com/2010/11/sudarshan-lgb-kit.html \|title=Weapon and Technology: Sudarshan LGB Kit \|publisher=Weapons.technology.youngester.com \|date=2010-11-28 \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		The kit can guide a bomb within 10 m [[Circular error probable\|CEP]] from its otherwise 400 m to 1000 m fall off the target.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Technology Focus\|date=December 2010\|volume=18\|issue=6\|pages=5–6\|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/44208704/Indian-UAV-Programmes-Tech-Focus\|title=Indian UAV Programmes\|access-date=27 September 2014\|publisher=Bulletin of Defence Research and Development Organisation\|issn=0971-4413}}</ref> If dropped from normal altitude, it has a range of around 9 km.<ref name=tniex20f /> A program to extend the kit's capability to further increase its range using [[global positioning system\|GPS]] is ongoing. It is expected to rival the [[GBU-16 Paveway II]] in performance.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 \|title=Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Made in India \|publisher=Defstrat.com \|date=2010-11-04 \|access-date=2012-02-19 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514023950/http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 \|archive-date=2012-05-14 }}</ref> However, reports indicate that the kit may not support [[bunker buster]] bombs, forcing the IAF to look for alternatives.<ref name=sk44>{{cite news\|title=Lockheed lowest bidder for laser-guided bombs for IAF\|url=http://samantk.com/News/Defence/lockheed-lowest-bidder-for-laser-guided-bombs-for-iaf.html\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=Samantk.com\|date=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref name=is12j>{{cite web\|title=India set to acquire precision bomb technology\|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories13.htm\|publisher=India Strategic\|access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref>
	It is expected to rival [[GBU-12 Paveway II]] in performance.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 \|title=Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Made in India \|publisher=Defstrat.com \|date=2010-11-04 \|access-date=2012-02-19 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514023950/http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 \|archive-date=2012-05-14 }}</ref> However, reports indicate that the kit may not support [[bunker buster]] bombs, forcing the IAF to look for alternatives.<ref name=sk44>{{cite news\|title=Lockheed lowest bidder for laser-guided bombs for IAF\|url=http://samantk.com/News/Defence/lockheed-lowest-bidder-for-laser-guided-bombs-for-iaf.html\|access-date=13 July 2012\|newspaper=Samantk.com\|date=4 April ~~2012~~}}</ref><ref name=is12j>{{cite web\|title=India set to acquire precision bomb technology\|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories13.htm\|publisher=India Strategic\|access-date=13 July ~~2012~~}}</ref>

	The successful trials and flight tests in 2010 led ADE to further improve the bomb's accuracy. The Indian Air Force is upgrading a large number of unguided bombs to this standard based on the successful results.<ref name="imr" /><ref name=dc10j /> Sudarshan will be in service with the IAF bombers squadrons of [[Mikoyan MiG-27\|~~Mig~~-27]] and [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]. Also, several other fighters in the IAF could carry these bombs for the air-to-ground attack tasks like [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI\|Su-30MKI]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000#India\|Mirage-2000]] and [[Mikoyan MiG-29\|MiG-29]].<ref name="xinhua"/> It might also be used by the [[Indian Army]] for its long range artillery strike weapon and [[Indian Navy]] from an on-board launcher.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports/4081 \|title=A 2008 news report \|publisher=India-defence.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>		The successful trials and flight tests in 2010 led ADE to further improve the bomb's accuracy. The Indian Air Force is upgrading a large number of unguided bombs to this standard based on the successful results.<ref name="imr" /><ref name=dc10j /> Sudarshan will be in service with the IAF bombers squadrons of [[Mikoyan MiG-27\|MiG-27]] and [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]. Also, several other fighters in the IAF could carry these bombs for the air-to-ground attack tasks like [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI\|Su-30MKI]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000#India\|Mirage-2000]] and [[Mikoyan MiG-29\|MiG-29]].<ref name="xinhua"/> It might also be used by the [[Indian Army]] for its long range artillery strike weapon and [[Indian Navy]] from an on-board launcher.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports/4081 \|title=A 2008 news report \|publisher=India-defence.com \|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

	==Operators==		==Operators==
Line 131:		Line 130:
	==See also==		==See also==
	{{Portal\|India}}		{{Portal\|India}}
	* [[GBU-12 Paveway II]]		* [[GBU-16 Paveway II]]
	* [[Griffin LGB]]		* [[Griffin LGB]]
	*[[DRDO Glide Bombs]]		*[[DRDO Glide Bombs]]

>James Bond 2004: /* See also */Added glide bombs to the see also section

2021-11-05T03:29:19Z

See also: Added glide bombs to the see also section

New page

{{Infobox weapon
| name = Sudarshan
| image = Sudarshan bomb.jpg
| image_size = 350
| caption = Sudarshan laser-guided bomb
| origin = India
| type = Laser guided bomb

| is_ranged = yes
| is_bladed =
| is_explosive = yes
| is_artillery = yes
| is_vehicle =
| is_missile = yes
| is_UK =

| service = 2013
| used_by = [[Indian Air Force]]
| wars =

| designer = [[Aeronautical Development Establishment]] ([[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]), [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]]<ref name=tniex20f /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/india-develops-first-laser-guided-bomb-1475041.html |title=India develops first Laser Guided Bomb |publisher=Daily.bhaskar.com |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-develops-first-laser-guided-bomb/133417-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024145940/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-develops-first-laser-guided-bomb/133417-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-10-24 |title=India develops first Laser Guided Bomb |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>
| design_date = 2006
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Electronics Limited]]
| unit_cost =
| production_date = 2013-present
| number = 50+
| variants =

| spec_label =
| weight = {{convert|450|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| length =
| part_length =
| width =
| height =
| diameter =
| crew =
| passengers =

| cartridge =
| cartridge_weight =
| caliber =
| barrels =
| action =
| rate =
| velocity =
| range = {{convert|9000|m|yd}}
| max_range =
| feed =
| sights =

| breech =
| recoil =
| carriage =
| elevation =
| traverse =

| blade_type =
| hilt_type =
| sheath_type =
| head_type =
| haft_type =

| filling =
| filling_weight =
| detonation =
| yield =

| armour =
| primary_armament =
| secondary_armament =
| engine =
| engine_power =
| pw_ratio =
| transmission =
| payload_capacity =
| suspension =
| clearance =
| fuel_capacity =
| vehicle_range =
| speed =
| guidance = [[Beam riding]]
| steering =

| wingspan =
| propellant =
| ceiling =
| altitude =
| depth =
| boost =
| accuracy = 10 m [[Circular Error Probable|CEP]]<ref name=drdod10>{{cite journal|title=Sudarshan|journal=Technology Focus|date=December 2010|volume=18|issue=6|pages=5–6|url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/pub/techfocus/2010/dec10.pdf|access-date=2 June 2013|publisher=DRDO|issn=0971-4413|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228083451/http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/pub/techfocus/2010/dec10.pdf|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| launch_platform =* [[Dassault Mirage 2000]]
* [[Mikoyan MiG-27|Mig-27]]
* [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]]
* [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30MKI]]
| transport =
}}

'''Sudarshan''' ([[Hindi]]: सुदर्शन, "good-looking", also [[Krishna]]'s [[Chakra]]) is an Indian [[laser-guided bomb]] kit, developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment]] (ADE), a [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] lab with technological support from another DRDO lab [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]] (IRDE),<ref>{{cite web|author=Dehradun, Oct 20 (PTI) |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/106116/india-develops-first-laser-guided.html |title=India develops first Laser Guided Bomb |publisher=Deccanherald.com |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Nitsi |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/10/21/india-invents-laser-guide-bomb.html |title=India invents 1st Laser Guided Bomb |publisher=News.oneindia.in |date=2010-10-21 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> for the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://netindian.in/news/2010/01/21/0004971/india-conducts-flight-trials-laser-guided-bombs |title=India conducts flight trials of laser-guided bombs |publisher=Netindian.in |date=2010-01-21 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref name="msn">{{citation |url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246&_p=544152d2-2200-4721-9dbc-eff67faec052#page=1 |publisher=MSN News |title=India develops first laser guided bomb |access-date=2012-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023005845/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246#page=1 |archive-date=2010-10-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="xinhua">{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/20/c_13567264.htm |title=India successfully develops advanced laser guided bomb |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=2010-10-20 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

==Background==
Laser guided bombs were first developed by United States in 1960s. Later, Russia, France, and Britain also developed them.<ref name="Silicone">{{citation |url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/India_develops_first_Laser_Guided_Bomb-nid-72923-cid-2.html |publisher=Silicone India News |title=India develops first Laser Guided Bomb}}</ref> Laser-guided bombs are called "smart bombs" because they can follow a non-ballistic trajectory when laser designation of the intended target is done. A laser-guided bomb can hit its target with greater accuracy that ordinary [[Unguided bomb|dumb bombs]]. LGBs are manoeuvrable, free-fall weapons requiring no electronic interconnection to the aircraft. The bomb, once released by the aircraft, will seek the target and glide towards it using laser [[beam riding]].<ref name="msn" />
The Sudarshan is India's first indigenous laser-guided bomb kit. It is designed to improve the accuracy of air-to-ground bombing by the IAF. All the necessary on-board components have been developed by Indian industries for this weapon package.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatech5.in/video/indias-first-laser-guided-bomb-sudarshan/ |title=India's first laser guided bomb – Sudarshan |publisher=IndiaTech5.in |date=2010-05-23 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> The development of technology for producing laser guided bombs is part of the ongoing research in India towards achieving self-sufficiency in defense production.<ref>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch31.pdf |chapter=31 Defence Research and Development Organisation |title=Pursuit and Promotion of Science : The Indian Experience|page=3 |publisher=[[Indian National Science Academy]] |oclc=52079109}}</ref>

==Design and development==
The ADE won the project for developing an LGB in 2006. The project aimed to develop an advanced laser guidance kit for 450 kg (1000 pound) class dumb bombs to improve their accuracy.<ref name=tniex20f /> The Sudarshan kit incorporates laser guidance developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment|ADE]] for 450 kg (1000 pound) bombs to improve the accuracy of a conventional bomb.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jayesh |last=Limaye |url=http://archive.techtree.com/techtree/jsp/article.jsp?article_id=113212&cat_id=547 |title=India Develops Laser Guided Bomb |publisher=Archive.techtree.com |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> The guidance consists of a computer control group (CCG), canards attached to the front of the warhead for steering and a wing assembly attached to the rear end to provide lift.<ref name="Silicone" />

The guidance kits for beam riding and providing an accurate flight path have been fitted at the front and rear ends of the bomb. The laser-guidance seeker, fitted on the nose of the LGB is a very critical component, which was designed jointly by [[IIT Delhi]] and ADE, with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) as the lead production agency. A [[laser designator]] is used to mark a target. The on-board seeker detects the laser light reflected from the target and signals the kit's control surfaces to guide it towards the designated target. The seeker provides information on the deviation of the laser sport from the centre line of the detector. Sudarshan has an on-board flight-control computer with microelectronic-mechanical systems-based rate gyros. It also has high-precision linear ball-lead-screw actuators.<ref name=tniex20f>{{cite news|title=Air Force orders 50 laser-guided bombs from ADE|url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1471238.ece|access-date=20 February 2013|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=20 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=lastec>{{cite web|title=The Laser Science And Technology Centre|url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/LASTEC/English/index.jsp?pg=Director.jsp|publisher=DRDO|access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatech5.in/video/indias-first-laser-guided-bomb-sudarshan/ |title=Description of the mechanism |publisher=Indiatech5.in |date=2010-05-23 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

==Testing==
The ADE had successfully designed, developed and carried out the user trials of laser-guided bomb kits with the participation of the IAF.<ref name=tniex20f /><ref name="imr">[[Indian Military Review]], 2012, Volume 3, No. 5, May 2012, Page 54, Precision guided munitions</ref><ref name=is30s13>{{cite web|author=Air Marshal (Retd) AK Trikha|title=IAF's requirement of PGMs in the next decade|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3035_IAF_requirement_PGM_next_decade.htm|publisher=India Strategic|access-date=30 September 2013}}</ref>

On January 21, 2010, it was reported that two flight trials had been conducted at the Integrated Test Range at [[Chandipur, Orissa#Army|Chandipur, Balasore in Orissa]], to test the effectiveness of the guidance and control systems of laser-guided bombs. The on-board systems in both the trials worked satisfactorily and had met the mission objectives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/jan/21/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-successfully.htm |title=India tests laser guided bombs successfully |publisher=News.rediff.com |date=2010-01-21 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>
The test was conducted by pilots of the [[Indian Air Force]], who flew the aircraft and released the bombs as per prescribed standard operating procedures.<ref>{{cite web|author=IndianMoD |url=http://www.defencetalk.com/india-tests-laser-guided-bombs-23804/ |title=India Tests Laser-Guided Bombs |publisher=Defencetalk.com |date=2010-01-25 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

On June 9, 2010, user trials of the laser-guided bomb kits were carried out at [[Pokhran]] test range with the participation of the IAF.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aroor|first=Shiv|title=DRDO: Indian Laser Guided Bomb Kits Successfully Tested By IAF|url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2010/06/drdo-indian-laser-guided-bomb-kits.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Livefist|language=en-US}}</ref> Flight tests have demonstrated the accuracy, reliability and performance of these precision air-launched bombs. The tests were conducted after extensive simulation, design validation and ground experiments followed by series of flight evaluations.<ref name=ibnl9j>{{cite news|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126064156/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-tested-successfully-by-iaf/2238.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 26, 2013|access-date=13 July 2012|newspaper=IBN Live|date=June 9, 2010}}</ref><ref name=de9j>{{cite news|title=Laser guided bombs tested|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/10june10/news1.htm|access-date=13 July 2012|newspaper=Daily Excelsior|date=9 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=oanan>{{cite web|title=DRDO's laser guided bombs tested successfully by IAF|url=http://www.oananews.org/node/127066|publisher=Organisation for Asia-Pacific News Agencies|access-date=13 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=dc10j>{{cite news|title=DRDO's laser-guided bombs display accuracy|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/74721/drdos-laser-guided-bombs-display.html|access-date=29 January 2013|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=10 June 2010}}</ref>

==Performance==
The kit can guide a bomb within 10 m [[Circular error probable|CEP]] from its otherwise 400 m to 1000 m fall off the target.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Technology Focus|date=December 2010|volume=18|issue=6|pages=5–6|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/44208704/Indian-UAV-Programmes-Tech-Focus|title=Indian UAV Programmes|access-date=27 September 2014|publisher=Bulletin of Defence Research and Development Organisation|issn=0971-4413}}</ref> If dropped from normal altitude, it has a range of around 9 km.<ref name=tniex20f /> A program to extend the kit's capability to further increase its range using [[global positioning system|GPS]] is ongoing.<ref name=drdod10 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://weapons.technology.youngester.com/2010/11/sudarshan-lgb-kit.html |title=Weapon and Technology: Sudarshan LGB Kit |publisher=Weapons.technology.youngester.com |date=2010-11-28 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>
It is expected to rival [[GBU-12 Paveway II]] in performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 |title=Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Made in India |publisher=Defstrat.com |date=2010-11-04 |access-date=2012-02-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514023950/http://www.defstrat.com/exec/frmArticleDetails.aspx?DID=234 |archive-date=2012-05-14 }}</ref> However, reports indicate that the kit may not support [[bunker buster]] bombs, forcing the IAF to look for alternatives.<ref name=sk44>{{cite news|title=Lockheed lowest bidder for laser-guided bombs for IAF|url=http://samantk.com/News/Defence/lockheed-lowest-bidder-for-laser-guided-bombs-for-iaf.html|access-date=13 July 2012|newspaper=Samantk.com|date=4 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=is12j>{{cite web|title=India set to acquire precision bomb technology|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories13.htm|publisher=India Strategic|access-date=13 July 2012}}</ref>

The successful trials and flight tests in 2010 led ADE to further improve the bomb's accuracy. The Indian Air Force is upgrading a large number of unguided bombs to this standard based on the successful results.<ref name="imr" /><ref name=dc10j /> Sudarshan will be in service with the IAF bombers squadrons of [[Mikoyan MiG-27|Mig-27]] and [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]. Also, several other fighters in the IAF could carry these bombs for the air-to-ground attack tasks like [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30MKI]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000#India|Mirage-2000]] and [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]].<ref name="xinhua"/> It might also be used by the [[Indian Army]] for its long range artillery strike weapon and [[Indian Navy]] from an on-board launcher.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports/4081 |title=A 2008 news report |publisher=India-defence.com |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

==Operators==
===India===
* [[Image:Air Force Ensign of India.svg|20px]] [[Indian Air Force]] - 50 in service. In January 2013, the Indian Air Force asked the ADE to deliver 50 Sudarshans, with improved range and strike capabilities.<ref name=tniex20f /><ref name=is30s13/>

==Further development==
ADE is developing a next-generation bomb (NG-LGB), which will address the problem of rolling of the bomb after its release. Its range will be increased to 50 km from the current glide-range of 9 km of Sudarshan, when dropped from normal altitude.<ref name=tniex20f /><ref name=is30s13/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[GBU-12 Paveway II]]
* [[Griffin LGB]]
*[[DRDO Glide Bombs]]
* [[DRDO Smart Anti-Airfield Weapon|DRDO SAAW]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==

===Images===
* [http://weapons.technology.youngester.com/2010/11/sudarshan-lgb-kit.html Image 1]
* [http://kaw.stb.s-msn.com/i/5D/DE5D445DF4FF980C412CA2371F57.jpg Image 2]
* [http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_o_no4M2xEPY/TA-s4rtgwWI/AAAAAAAAKlE/w6IqdFVfdbI/s1600/LGB-714269.JPG Image 3]
* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_o_no4M2xEPY/TA-s5FkQ0fI/AAAAAAAAKlM/tIFapoZGV4E/s1600/LGB_photo%5B1%5D-716905.BMP ''Sudarshan'' being tested by an IAF aircraft]

===Videos===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfwktqCnbE0&feature=player_embedded Zee News]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bq8HvsILMwQ ''Sudarshan'' laser-guided bomb - Tarmak; 19 February 2013]
* [http://wn.com/India's_first_laser_guided_bomb__Sudarshan World News]

{{Indian missiles}}
{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}

[[Category:Aerial bombs of India]]
[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
[[Category:Research and development in India]]
[[Category:Guided bombs]]