Sucheta Kripalani - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:34, 21 September 2022
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	{{Short description\|First Indian woman Chief Minister from Uttar Pradesh}}		{{Short description\|First Indian woman Chief Minister from Uttar Pradesh}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2015}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2015}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| name = Sucheta Kripalani		\| name = Sucheta Kripalani

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:00, 4 January 2022
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	\| order = 4th		\| order = 4th
	\| office = Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh		\| office = Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
	~~\| governor = [[Bishwanath Das]]~~
	\| term_start = 2 October 1963		\| term_start = 2 October 1963
	\| term_end = 13 March 1967		\| term_end = 13 March 1967
	\| predecessor = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]		\| predecessor = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
	\| successor = Chandra Bhanu Gupta		\| successor = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
	\| office1 = [[Member of Parliament (India)\|Member of Parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]])		\| office1 = [[Member of Parliament (India)\|Member of Parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]])
	\| constituency1 = [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Gonda]]		\| constituency1 = [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Gonda]]
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	'''Sucheta Kripalani''' (''[[Birth name #Maiden and married names\|née]]'' '''Majumdar'''; 25 June 1908<ref>{{citation \| year=2004 \| title = Eminent Indian Freedom Fighters \| author=S K Sharma \| publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. \| isbn=978-81-261-1890-8 \| page=560 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pMfpg66gIREC&pg=PA560}}</ref> – 1 December 1974<ref>http://www.sandesh.org/Story_detail.asp?pageID=1&id=48</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2012-06-06 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502201216/http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html \|archive-date=2 May 2012 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>) was an ~~[[India]]n~~ [[Indian independence movement\|freedom fighter]] and politician. She was India's first woman [[Chief Minister (India)\|Chief Minister]], serving as the head of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] government from 1963 to 1967.		'''Sucheta Kripalani''' (''[[Birth name#Maiden and married names\|née]]'' '''Majumdar'''; 25 June 1908<ref>{{citation \| year=2004 \| title = Eminent Indian Freedom Fighters \| author=S K Sharma \| publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. \| isbn=978-81-261-1890-8 \| page=560 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pMfpg66gIREC&pg=PA560}}</ref> – 1 December 1974<ref>http://www.sandesh.org/Story_detail.asp?pageID=1&id=48</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2012-06-06 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502201216/http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html \|archive-date=2 May 2012 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>) was an Indian [[Indian independence movement\|freedom fighter]] and politician. She was India's first woman [[Chief Minister (India)\|Chief Minister]], serving as the head of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] government from 1963 to 1967.

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	She was born in [[Ambala]], [[Punjab (British India)\|Punjab]] (now in [[Haryana]]) into a Bengali [[Brahmo]] family. Her father Surendranath Majumdar, worked as a [[medical officer]], a job that required many transfers. As a result, she attended a number of [[schools]], her final [[Academic degree\|degree]] is a Master’s in [[History]] from [[St. Stephen’s College]], [[Delhi]].		She was born in [[Ambala]], [[Punjab (British India)\|Punjab]] (now in [[Haryana]]) into a Bengali [[Brahmo]] family. Her father Surendranath Majumdar, worked as a [[Physician\|medical officer]], a job that required many transfers. As a result, she attended a number of [[schools]], her final [[Academic degree\|degree]] is a Master’s in [[History]] from [[St. Stephen’s College]], [[Delhi]].

	This was a time when the country’s [[atmosphere]] was charged with [[nationalist]] sentiments and the [[freedom]] struggle was gaining momentum.		This was a time when the country’s [[atmosphere]] was charged with [[nationalist]] sentiments and the [[freedom]] struggle was gaining momentum.

imported>Billjones94 at 05:18, 14 August 2021

2021-08-14T05:18:14Z

New page

{{Short description|First Indian woman Chief Minister from Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sucheta Kripalani
| image = Sucheta Kriplani.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{birth date|1908|06|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ambala]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]<br/>({{small|present-day [[Haryana]], [[India]]}})
| death_date ={{death date and age|1974|12|01|1908|06|25|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| order = 4th
| office = Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
| governor = [[Bishwanath Das]]
| term_start = 2 October 1963
| term_end = 13 March 1967
| predecessor = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
| successor = Chandra Bhanu Gupta
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]])
| constituency1 = [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]]
| constituency2 = [[Menhdawal (Assembly constituency)|Menhdawal]]
| term_start1 = [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| term_end1 = 1971
| predecessor1 = N. Dandekar
| successor1 = [[Anand Singh(UP politician)|Anand Singh]]
| office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in [[Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = 1962
| term_end2 = 1967
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]])
| constituency3 = [[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]]
| term_start3 = [[1951–52 Indian general election|1951]]
| term_end3 = 1961
| predecessor3 = constituency established
| successor3 = [[Balraj Madhok]]
| office4 = Member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
| term_start4 = 9 December 1946
| term_end4 = 24 January 1950
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| spouse = [[J. B. Kripalani]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sucheta Kripalani: Biography: Sucheta Mazumdar: Famous Sindhi Woman: Politician: Acharya Kripalani {{!}} The Sindhu World|url=http://thesindhuworld.com/sucheta-kriplani/|website=thesindhuworld.com|accessdate=1 March 2018}}</ref>
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| children =
| footnotes =
| successor2 = Chandra Sekhar Singh
}}

'''Sucheta Kripalani''' (''[[Birth name #Maiden and married names|née]]'' '''Majumdar'''; 25 June 1908<ref>{{citation | year=2004 | title = Eminent Indian Freedom Fighters | author=S K Sharma | publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. | isbn=978-81-261-1890-8 | page=560 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pMfpg66gIREC&pg=PA560}}</ref> – 1 December 1974<ref>http://www.sandesh.org/Story_detail.asp?pageID=1&id=48</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-06-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502201216/http://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/history/morehistory.html |archive-date=2 May 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>) was an [[India]]n [[Indian independence movement|freedom fighter]] and politician. She was India's first woman [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]], serving as the head of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] government from 1963 to 1967.

==Early life==
She was born in [[Ambala]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]] (now in [[Haryana]]) into a Bengali [[Brahmo]] family. Her father Surendranath Majumdar, worked as a [[medical officer]], a job that required many transfers. As a result, she attended a number of [[schools]], her final [[Academic degree|degree]] is a Master’s in [[History]] from [[St. Stephen’s College]], [[Delhi]].

This was a time when the country’s [[atmosphere]] was charged with [[nationalist]] sentiments and the [[freedom]] struggle was gaining momentum.

She was not born with a steely will and exemplary leadership qualities. Rather, she was a shy child, self-conscious about her appearance and intellect, as she points out in her book, [[An Unfinished Autobiography]]. It was the age she grew up in and the situations she faced that shaped her personality. Sucheta recounts how, as a 10-year-old, she and her siblings had heard their father and his friends talk about the [[Jallianwala Bagh]] massacre. It left them so outraged that they vented their anger on some of the [[Anglo-Indian children]] they played with, by calling them names.

Her exact words were- “I could understand enough to feel great anger against the [[United Kingdom|British]] [after hearing about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre]. We [Sucheta and her sister Sulekha] vented out anger on some of the [[Anglo-Indian]] [[child]]ren who played with us, calling them all kinds of names,”

Both Sucheta and her [[sister]] Sulekha were desperate to join India’s burgeoning [[Independence movement]]. There is one particularly fascinating incident which Sucheta narrates in her book. After the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the [[Prince of Wales]] had visited Delhi. [[Girl]]s from her school were taken to stand near the [[Kudsia Garden]] to honour the Prince of Wales. Despite wanting to refuse, both the sisters couldn't, and that left them bitterly outraged at their apparent cowardice.

“This did not absolve our conscience from feeling shame. We both felt very small of our cowardice,” she writes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet India's First Woman CM |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/138291/india-first-woman-cm-freedom-fighter-sucheta-kriplani/ |website=The Better India|date=18 April 2018 }}</ref>

Later, while a student of [[Kinnaird College]] in Lahore, her [[Bible]] class teacher had said some disparaging things about Hinduism. Furious, Sucheta and her sister went home and asked their father to help them out. He coached them on some religious teachings and, the next day, the girls confronted their teacher with quotes from the [[Bhagavad Gita]]. The teacher never referred to Hinduism in class ever again! <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/herstory/2019/01/08/sucheta-kriplani-crying-freedom |website=Live History India}}</ref>

She studied at [[Indraprastha College]]<ref>{{ cite news|title=Vital statistics of colleges that figure among India's top rankers|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/vital-statistics-of-colleges-that-figure-among-indias-top-rankers/1/233619.html|newspaper= [[India Today]]|date= 21 May 2001 }}</ref> and [[Punjabi University|Punjab University]] before becoming a Professor of Constitutional History at [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name=ls-kripalani-bio>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/804.htm|title=Kripalani, Shrimati Sucheta|publisher=Lok Sabha|accessdate=2012-06-06}}</ref> In 1936, she married [[J. B. Kripalani]], a prominent figure of the [[Indian National Congress]], who was twenty years her senior. The marriage was opposed by both families, as well as by [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] himself, although he eventually relented.<ref>{{Cite book | author = Usha Thakkar, Jayshree Mehta | title = Understanding Gandhi: Gandhians in Conversation with Fred J Blum | pages=409–410 | publisher = SAGE Publications | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-81-321-0557-2 }}</ref>

==Freedom movement and independence==
Like her contemporaries [[Aruna Asaf Ali]] and [[Usha Mehta]], she came to the forefront during the [[Quit India Movement]] and was arrested by British . She later worked closely with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] during the [[Partition of India|Partition]] riots. She accompanied him to [[Noakhali]] in 1946. Mahatma Gandhi wrote on her - {{ Quotes|" a person of rare courage and character who brought credit to Indian womanhood"}}
She was one of the few women who were elected to the Constituent Assembly of India. She was elected as the first woman CM of state of Uttar Pradesh from the Kanpur constituency and was part of the subcommittee that drafted the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]]. She became a part of the subcommittee that laid down the charter for the constitution of India. On 14 August 1947, she sang ''[[Vande Mataram]]'' in the Independence Session of the Constituent Assembly a few minutes before [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] delivered his famous "[[Tryst with Destiny]]" speech.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol5p1.htm | title=Constituent Assembly of India - Volume-V | date=14 August 1947 | publisher=Parliament of India | access-date=18 January 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904092038/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol5p1.htm | archive-date=4 September 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> She was also the founder of the All India Mahilla Congress, established in 1940.

==Post-independence==
[[File:Ulla Lindstrom, Sucheta Kripalani, Barbara Castle, Cairine Wilson, Eleanor Roosevelt (1949).jpg|thumb|Kripalani with (from left to right) [[Ulla Lindström]], [[Barbara Castle]], [[Cairine Wilson]] and [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] in 1949.]]
After independence, she remained involved with politics. For the [[1st Lok Sabha|first Lok Sabha]] elections in 1952, she contested from [[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]] on a [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|KMPP]] ticket: she had joined the short-lived party founded by her husband the year before. She defeated the Congress candidate [[Manmohini Sahgal]]. Five years later, she was reelected from the same constituency, but this time as the Congress candidate.<ref>{{Cite book | author = David Gilmartin | editor = Anastasia Pivliavsky | title = Patronage as Politics in South Asia | chapter = Chapter 5: The paradox of patronage and the people's sovereignty | pages=151–152 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1-107-05608-4 }}</ref> She was elected one last time to the Lok Sabha in 1967, from [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda constituency]] in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=ls-kripalani-bio/>

Meanwhile, she had also become a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. From 1960 to 1963, she served as Minister of Labour, Community Development and Industry in the UP government.<ref name=ls-kripalani-bio/> In October 1963, she became the [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]], the [[Firsts in India|first]] woman to hold that position in any Indian state. The highlight of her tenure was the firm handling of a state employees strike. This first-ever strike by the state employees continued for 62 days. She relented only when the employees' leaders agreed to compromise. Kripalani kept her reputation as a firm administrator by refusing their demand for a pay hike.

When Congress split in 1969, she left the party with Morarji Desai faction to form NCO. She lost 1971 election as NCO candidate from [[Faizabad (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. She retired from politics in 1971 and remained in seclusion till her death in 1974.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box
| before= [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
| title = [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]
| years = 2 October 1963 – 13 March 1967
| after = [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kripalani, Sucheta}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Quit India Movement]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Bengali politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ambala]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indraprastha College for Women alumni]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Women chief ministers of Indian states]]
[[Category:Indian rebels]]
[[Category:Indian women in war]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:2nd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:4th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Women in Delhi politics]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Delhi]]
[[Category:Women in war 1900–1945]]
[[Category:Women in Uttar Pradesh politics]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian people of World War II]]
[[Category:Indian women of World War II]]
[[Category:Women in Haryana politics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:People from Gonda district]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (Organisation) politicians]]
[[Category:Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party politicians]]