Suburb - Revision history

Dhaneesh Ram: /* Bibliography */

2022-02-15T06:31:14Z

Bibliography

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	* [[Jon C. Teaford\|Teaford, Jon C.]] ''The American Suburb: The Basics''. Routledge, 2008.		* [[Jon C. Teaford\|Teaford, Jon C.]] ''The American Suburb: The Basics''. Routledge, 2008.
	{{refend}}		{{refend}}

			==External links==
			{{Wikiquote}}
			{{Commons}}
			* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100105102559/http://knol.google.com/k/steven-chong/a-future-vision-for-the-north-american/2e3144udfqrpg/5 A Future Vision for the North American Suburb]
			* [http://fass.kingston.ac.uk/research/suburban-studies Centre for Suburban Studies]
			* [http://www.hgs.org.uk/mystreet/index.html Images of a mature north London suburb illustrating a wide range of domestic architecture]
			* [http://www.endofsuburbia.com/ The end of suburbia] (documentary film)

			{{Cities}}
			{{Authority control}}

			[[Category:City]]
			[[Category:Neighbourhoods\|*]]
			[[Category:Suburbs\| ]]
			[[Category:Types of populated places]]
			[[Category:Urban planning]]
			[[Category:Squatting]]

Dhaneesh Ram: /* References */

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References

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	==References==		==References==
			{{Reflist}}
			== Bibliography ==
			{{Main list\|Bibliography of suburbs}}
			{{refbegin}}
			* Archer, John; Paul J.P. Sandul, and Katherine Solomonson (eds.), ''Making Suburbia: New Histories of Everyday America.'' Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2015.
			* Baxandall, Rosalyn and Elizabeth Ewen. ''Picture Windows: How the Suburbs Happened.'' New York: Basic Books, 2000.
			* Beauregard, Robert A. '' When America Became Suburban''. University of Minnesota Press, 2006.
			* {{cite book \|last1=Boyd \|first1=Robin \|year=1960 \|title=The Australian Ugliness \|location=Melbourne \|publisher=Penguin Books}}
			* Fishman, Robert. ''Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia''. Basic Books, 1987; in U.S.
			* {{cite book\|last=Foxell\|first=Clive\|title=Chesham Shuttle: The Story of a Metropolitan Branch Line\|edition=2nd\|year=1996\|publisher=Clive Foxell\|isbn=0-9529184-0-4}}
			* Galinou, Mireille. ''Cottages and Villas: The Birth of the Garden Suburb'' (2011), in England
			* {{cite book\|last=Green\|first=Oliver\|year=1987\|title=The London Underground: An illustrated history\|publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing\|Ian Allan]]\|isbn=0-7110-1720-4}}
			* {{cite book\|title=Metro-Land\|edition=British Empire Exhibition 1924 reprinted\|year=2004\|isbn=1-904915-00-0\|editor-first=Oliver\|editor-last=Green\|publisher=Southbank Publishing\|url=http://www.southbankpublishing.com/9781904915003/introduction.php\|access-date=22 April 2012\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080628202202/http://www.southbankpublishing.com/9781904915003/introduction.php\|archive-date=28 June 2008\|url-status=dead}}
			* Harris, Richard. ''Creeping Conformity: How Canada Became Suburban, 1900–1960'' (2004)
			* Hayden, Dolores. ''Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820–2000''. Vintage Books, 2003.
			* {{cite book\|last=Horne\|first=Mike\|title=The Metropolitan Line\|year=2003\|publisher=Capital Transport\|isbn=1-85414-275-5\|url-access=registration\|url=https://archive.org/details/metropolitanline00mike}}
			* {{cite crabgrass}}
			* {{cite book\|title=London's Metropolitan Railway\|last=Jackson\|first=Alan\|year=1986\|publisher=David & Charles\|isbn=0-7153-8839-8}}
			* {{cite book\|title=The English landscape in the twentieth century\|last=Rowley\|first=Trevor\|year=2006\|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group\|Hambledon Continuum]]\|isbn=1-85285-388-3\|url-access=registration\|url=https://archive.org/details/englishlandscape0000rowl}}
			* {{cite book\|last=Simpson\|first=Bill\|title=A History of the Metropolitan Railway. Volume 1: The Circle and Extended Lines to Rickmansworth.\|publisher=Lamplight Publications\|year=2003\|isbn=1-899246-07-X}}
			* Stilgoe, John R. ''Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820–1939''. Yale University Press, 1989.
			* [[Jon C. Teaford\|Teaford, Jon C.]] ''The American Suburb: The Basics''. Routledge, 2008.
			{{refend}}

Dhaneesh Ram: /* See also */

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@@ Line 252: / Line 252: @@
 ==In popular culture==
-{{in popular culture|date=May 2019}}{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
 Suburbs and suburban living have been the subject for a wide variety of films, books, television shows and songs.
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 British television series such as ''[[The Good Life (1975 TV series)|The Good Life]]'', ''[[Butterflies (TV series)|Butterflies]]'' and ''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]'' have depicted suburbia as well-manicured but relentlessly boring, and its residents as either overly conforming or prone to going [[Stir crazy (condition)|stir crazy]]. In contrast, U.S. shows such as ''[[Knots Landing]]'', ''[[Desperate Housewives]]'' and ''[[Weeds (TV series)|Weeds]]'' portray the suburbs as concealing darker secrets behind a façade of manicured lawns, friendly people, and beautifully kept houses. Films such as ''[[The 'Burbs]]'' and ''[[Disturbia (film)|Disturbia]]'' have brought this theme to the cinema.
 ==References==

Dhaneesh Ram at 06:28, 15 February 2022

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	==~~Criticism~~==		==In popular culture==
	{{~~excerpt~~\|~~Criticism~~ of suburbia\|~~only~~=~~paragraphs~~}}		{{in popular culture\|date=May 2019}}{{more citations needed\|date=May 2019}}
			Suburbs and suburban living have been the subject for a wide variety of films, books, television shows and songs.

			French songs like ''La Zone'' by [[Fréhel]] (1933), ''Aux quatre coins de la banlieue'' by [[Marie-Louise Damien\|Damia]] (1936), ''Ma banlieue'' by [[Reda Caire]] (1937), or ''Banlieue'' by [[Robert Lamoureux]] (1953), evoke the suburbs of Paris explicitly since the 1930s.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.fremeaux.com/index.php?page=shop.product_details&category_id=74&flypage=shop.flypage&product_id=506&option=com_virtuemart\|title=Chanson francaise La banlieue 1931–1953 Anthologie\|website=Fremeaux.com\|access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> Those singers give a sunny festive, almost bucolic, image of the suburbs, yet still few urbanized. During the fifties and the sixties, French singer-songwriter [[Léo Ferré]] evokes in his songs popular and proletarian suburbs of Paris, to oppose them to the city, considered by comparison as a bourgeois and conservative place.

			[[French cinema]] was although soon interested in urban changes in the suburbs, with such movies as ''[[Mon oncle]]'' by [[Jacques Tati]] (1958), ''[[L'Amour existe]]'' by [[Maurice Pialat]] (1961) or ''[[Two or Three Things I Know About Her]]'' by [[Jean-Luc Godard]] (1967).

			In his one-act opera ''[[Trouble in Tahiti]]'' (1952), [[Leonard Bernstein]] skewers American suburbia, which produces misery instead of happiness.

			The American [[photojournalist]] [[Bill Owens (photographer)\|Bill Owens]] documented the culture of suburbia in the 1970s, most notably in his book ''[[Suburbia (book)\|Suburbia]]''. The 1962 song "[[Little Boxes]]" by [[Malvina Reynolds]] lampoons the development of suburbia and its perceived [[bourgeois]] and [[Conformity\|conformist]] values,<ref>{{cite book \|title=[[Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb]] \|first=Rob \|last=Keil \|location=Daly City, CA \|publisher=Advection Media \|year=2006 \|isbn=0-9779236-4-9}}</ref> while the 1982 song ''[[Subdivisions (song)\|Subdivisions]]'' by the Canadian band [[Rush (band)\|Rush]] also discusses suburbia, as does [[Rockin' the Suburbs]] by [[Ben Folds]]. The 2010 album ''[[The Suburbs (album)\|The Suburbs]]'' by the Canadian-based alternative band [[Arcade Fire]] dealt with aspects of growing up in suburbia, suggesting aimlessness, apathy and endless rushing are ingrained into the suburban culture and mentality. ''Suburb The Musical,'' was written by Robert S. Cohen and David Javerbaum. [[Over the Hedge]] is a syndicated comic strip written and drawn by Michael Fry and T. Lewis. It tells the story of a raccoon, turtle, a squirrel, and their friends who come to terms with their woodlands being taken over by suburbia, trying to survive the increasing flow of humanity and technology while becoming enticed by it at the same time. A film adaptation of [[Over the Hedge (film)\|Over the Hedge]] was produced in 2006.

			British television series such as ''[[The Good Life (1975 TV series)\|The Good Life]]'', ''[[Butterflies (TV series)\|Butterflies]]'' and ''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]'' have depicted suburbia as well-manicured but relentlessly boring, and its residents as either overly conforming or prone to going [[Stir crazy (condition)\|stir crazy]]. In contrast, U.S. shows such as ''[[Knots Landing]]'', ''[[Desperate Housewives]]'' and ''[[Weeds (TV series)\|Weeds]]'' portray the suburbs as concealing darker secrets behind a façade of manicured lawns, friendly people, and beautifully kept houses. Films such as ''[[The 'Burbs]]'' and ''[[Disturbia (film)\|Disturbia]]'' have brought this theme to the cinema.

	==References==		==References==

Dhaneesh Ram at 06:27, 15 February 2022

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	== Traffic flows ==		== Traffic flows ==
	{{Globalize\|article\|USA\|2name=the United States\|date=August 2016}}		{{Globalize\|article\|USA\|2name=the United States\|date=August 2016}}
	~~{{more citations needed\|section\|date=December 2021}}~~
	Suburbs typically have longer travel times to work than traditional neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://bicycleuniverse.info/transpo/roadbuilding-futility.html \|title=Why adding lanes makes traffic worse \|website=Bicycleuniverse.info \|access-date=22 November 2011}}</ref> Only the traffic ''within'' the short streets themselves is less. This is due to three factors:{{Citation needed\|date=April 2008}} [[automobile dependency\|almost-mandatory automobile ownership]] due to poor suburban [[commuter bus\|bus]] systems, longer travel distances and the [[street hierarchy\|hierarchy]] system, which is less efficient at distributing traffic than the traditional [[Grid plan\|grid]] of streets.		Suburbs typically have longer travel times to work than traditional neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://bicycleuniverse.info/transpo/roadbuilding-futility.html \|title=Why adding lanes makes traffic worse \|website=Bicycleuniverse.info \|access-date=22 November 2011}}</ref> Only the traffic ''within'' the short streets themselves is less. This is due to three factors:{{Citation needed\|date=April 2008}} [[automobile dependency\|almost-mandatory automobile ownership]] due to poor suburban [[commuter bus\|bus]] systems, longer travel distances and the [[street hierarchy\|hierarchy]] system, which is less efficient at distributing traffic than the traditional [[Grid plan\|grid]] of streets.

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	Today more companies settle down in suburbs because of low property costs.		Today more companies settle down in suburbs because of low property costs.


			==Criticism==
			{{excerpt\|Criticism of suburbia\|only=paragraphs}}

	==References==		==References==

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	Conversely, many white Americans also moved back to city centers. Nearly all major city downtowns (such as [[Downtown Miami]], [[Downtown Detroit]], [[Center City, Philadelphia\|Downtown Philadelphia]], [[Downtown Roanoke]], or [[Downtown Los Angeles]]) are experiencing a renewal, with large population growth, residential apartment construction, and increased social, cultural, and infrastructural investments, as have suburban neighborhoods close to city centers. Better [[public transit]], proximity to work and cultural attractions, and frustration with suburban life and [[gridlock]] have attracted young Americans to the city centers.<ref>Yen, Hope. "[https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100509/ap_on_re_us/us_changing_suburbs White flight? Suburbs lose young whites to cities]." ''[[Associated Press]]'' at ''[[Yahoo! News]]''. Sunday 9 May 2010. Retrieved on 10 May 2010.</ref>		Conversely, many white Americans also moved back to city centers. Nearly all major city downtowns (such as [[Downtown Miami]], [[Downtown Detroit]], [[Center City, Philadelphia\|Downtown Philadelphia]], [[Downtown Roanoke]], or [[Downtown Los Angeles]]) are experiencing a renewal, with large population growth, residential apartment construction, and increased social, cultural, and infrastructural investments, as have suburban neighborhoods close to city centers. Better [[public transit]], proximity to work and cultural attractions, and frustration with suburban life and [[gridlock]] have attracted young Americans to the city centers.<ref>Yen, Hope. "[https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100509/ap_on_re_us/us_changing_suburbs White flight? Suburbs lose young whites to cities]." ''[[Associated Press]]'' at ''[[Yahoo! News]]''. Sunday 9 May 2010. Retrieved on 10 May 2010.</ref>

			== Traffic flows ==
			{{Globalize\|article\|USA\|2name=the United States\|date=August 2016}}
			{{more citations needed\|section\|date=December 2021}}
			Suburbs typically have longer travel times to work than traditional neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://bicycleuniverse.info/transpo/roadbuilding-futility.html \|title=Why adding lanes makes traffic worse \|website=Bicycleuniverse.info \|access-date=22 November 2011}}</ref> Only the traffic ''within'' the short streets themselves is less. This is due to three factors:{{Citation needed\|date=April 2008}} [[automobile dependency\|almost-mandatory automobile ownership]] due to poor suburban [[commuter bus\|bus]] systems, longer travel distances and the [[street hierarchy\|hierarchy]] system, which is less efficient at distributing traffic than the traditional [[Grid plan\|grid]] of streets.

			In the suburban system, most trips from one component to another component requires that cars enter a [[collector road]]{{Citation needed\|date=June 2011}}, no matter how short or long the distance is. This is compounded by the hierarchy of streets, where entire neighborhoods and [[subdivision (land)\|subdivisions]] are dependent on one or two collector roads. Because all traffic is forced onto these roads, they are often heavy with traffic all day. If a traffic crash occurs on a collector road, or if road construction inhibits the flow, then the entire road system may be rendered useless until the blockage is cleared. The traditional "grown" grid, in turn, allows for a larger number of choices and alternate routes.

			Suburban systems of the sprawl type are also quite inefficient for cyclists or pedestrians, as the [[as the crow flies\|direct route]] is usually not available for them either{{Citation needed\|date=June 2011}}. This encourages car trips even for distances as low as several hundreds of yards or meters (which may have become up to several miles or kilometers due to the road network). Improved sprawl systems, though retaining the car [[detour]]s, possess [[cycle path]]s and footpaths connecting across the arms of the [[suburban sprawl\|sprawl]] system, allowing a more direct route while still keeping the cars out of the residential and side streets.

			More commonly, central cities seek ways to tax nonresidents working downtown – known as commuter taxes – as property tax bases dwindle. Taken together, these two groups of taxpayers represent a largely untapped source of potential revenue that cities may begin to target more aggressively, particularly if they're struggling. According to struggling cities, this will help bring in a substantial revenue for the city which is a great way to tax the people who make the most use of the highways and repairs.

			Today more companies settle down in suburbs because of low property costs.

	==References==		==References==

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Show changes

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Show changes

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	Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting.<ref name="Hollow 2011">{{cite journal \|url=https://www.academia.edu/1593132 \|title=Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates \|first=Matthew \|last=Hollow \|year=2011 \|access-date=29 December 2012 \|journal=Journal of the Garden History Society \|language=en}}</ref> In general, they are less densely populated than [[inner city]] neighborhoods within the same metropolitan area, and most residents routinely commute to city centers or [[business districts]] via [[private transport\|private vehicle]]s or [[public transit]]s; however, there are many exceptions, including [[industrial suburb]]s, [[planned communities]] and [[satellite cities]]. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2t2P4t8fkJMC ''The Fractured Metropolis: Improving the New City, Restoring the Old City, Reshaping the Region''] by Jonathan Barnett, via Google Books.</ref>		Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting.<ref name="Hollow 2011">{{cite journal \|url=https://www.academia.edu/1593132 \|title=Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates \|first=Matthew \|last=Hollow \|year=2011 \|access-date=29 December 2012 \|journal=Journal of the Garden History Society \|language=en}}</ref> In general, they are less densely populated than [[inner city]] neighborhoods within the same metropolitan area, and most residents routinely commute to city centers or [[business districts]] via [[private transport\|private vehicle]]s or [[public transit]]s; however, there are many exceptions, including [[industrial suburb]]s, [[planned communities]] and [[satellite cities]]. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2t2P4t8fkJMC ''The Fractured Metropolis: Improving the New City, Restoring the Old City, Reshaping the Region''] by Jonathan Barnett, via Google Books.</ref>

			==Etymology and usage==
			The English word is derived from the [[Old French]] {{lang\|fro\|subburbe}}, which is in turn derived from the Latin {{lang\|la\|suburbium}}, formed from {{lang\|la\|sub}} (meaning "under" or "below") and {{lang\|la\|urbs}} ("city"). The first recorded usage of the term in English, was by [[John Wycliffe]] in 1380, when the form {{lang\|enm\|subarbis}} was used, according to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''.

			===In Australia and New Zealand===
			[[File:View over Griffith NSW 1.jpg\|thumb\|Suburban housing in the regional city of [[Griffith, New South Wales]]]]
			In Australia and also New Zealand, suburban areas (in the wider sense noted in the lead paragraph) have become formalised as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas in both countries, their equivalents are called localities (see [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)\|suburbs and localities]]). The terms ''inner suburb'' and ''outer suburb'' are used to differentiate between the higher-density areas in proximity to the city centre (which would not be referred to as 'suburbs' in most other countries), and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. The term 'middle suburbs' is also used. [[Inner suburbs]], such as [[Te Aro]] in [[Wellington]], [[Eden Terrace]] in [[Auckland]], [[Prahran, Victoria\|Prahran]] in [[Melbourne]] and [[Ultimo, New South Wales\|Ultimo]] in [[Sydney]], are usually characterised by higher density apartment housing and greater integration between commercial and residential areas.

			In New Zealand, most suburbs are not legally defined, which can lead to confusion as to where they may begin and end.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://fyi.org.nz/request/7543-suburb-boundaries\|title=Suburb boundaries – a Official Information Act request to Christchurch City Council\|date=30 March 2018\|work=FYI\|access-date=20 April 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420070632/https://fyi.org.nz/request/7543-suburb-boundaries\|archive-date=20 April 2018\|url-status=dead\|language=en}}</ref> A geospatial dataset defining suburbs for use by emergency services is developed and maintained by [[Fire and Emergency New Zealand]] and is published<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Fire and Emergency NZ Localities - Fire and Emergency NZ {{!}} {{!}} GIS Data Map Mapping {{!}} LINZ Data Service\|url=https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/104830-fire-and-emergency-nz-localities/\|access-date=2021-09-21\|website=data.linz.govt.nz}}</ref> under an open license.

			===In the United Kingdom and Ireland===
			[[File:Highfields2.jpg\|thumb\|[[Upper middle class]] suburban housing in [[Swords, Dublin\|Swords]], [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland\|Ireland]]. ]]
			In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the term ''suburb'' simply refers to a residential area outside the city centre, regardless of administrative boundaries.<ref name="Hollow 2011"/> Suburbs, in this sense, can range from areas that seem more like residential areas of a city proper to areas separated by open countryside from the city centre. In large cities such as London and Leeds, many suburbs are formerly separate towns and villages that have been absorbed during a city's expansion, such as [[Ealing]], [[Bromley]], and [[Guiseley]]. In Ireland, this can be seen in the Dublin suburban areas of [[Swords, Dublin\|Swords]], [[Blanchardstown]], and [[Tallaght]].

			===In North America===
			In the United States and Canada, ''suburb'' can refer either to an outlying residential area of a city or town or to a separate municipality or [[unincorporated area]] outside a town or city.{{citation needed\|date=December 2021}}

			Although a majority of Americans regard themselves as residents of suburban communities, the federal government of the United States has no formal definition for what constitutes a ''suburb'' in the United States leaving its precise meaning disputed.<ref>{{cite web\|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-07/how-to-define-american-suburbs\|title=How to Tell If You Live in the Suburbs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.planetizen.com/news/2018/11/101632-according-federal-government-suburbs-dont-exist\|title=According to the Federal Government, the Suburbs Don't Exist}}</ref>

			In Canada, the term may also be used in the British sense, especially as cities annex formerly outlying areas.{{citation needed\|date=December 2021}}

	==References==		==References==

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	* [[List of satellite cities by population]]		* [[List of satellite cities by population]]
	}}		}}

			== Notes ==
			{{NoteFoot}}

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:54, 15 February 2022
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	Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting.<ref name="Hollow 2011">{{cite journal \|url=https://www.academia.edu/1593132 \|title=Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates \|first=Matthew \|last=Hollow \|year=2011 \|access-date=29 December 2012 \|journal=Journal of the Garden History Society \|language=en}}</ref> In general, they are less densely populated than [[inner city]] neighborhoods within the same metropolitan area, and most residents routinely commute to city centers or [[business districts]] via [[private transport\|private vehicle]]s or [[public transit]]s; however, there are many exceptions, including [[industrial suburb]]s, [[planned communities]] and [[satellite cities]]. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2t2P4t8fkJMC ''The Fractured Metropolis: Improving the New City, Restoring the Old City, Reshaping the Region''] by Jonathan Barnett, via Google Books.</ref>		Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting.<ref name="Hollow 2011">{{cite journal \|url=https://www.academia.edu/1593132 \|title=Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates \|first=Matthew \|last=Hollow \|year=2011 \|access-date=29 December 2012 \|journal=Journal of the Garden History Society \|language=en}}</ref> In general, they are less densely populated than [[inner city]] neighborhoods within the same metropolitan area, and most residents routinely commute to city centers or [[business districts]] via [[private transport\|private vehicle]]s or [[public transit]]s; however, there are many exceptions, including [[industrial suburb]]s, [[planned communities]] and [[satellite cities]]. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2t2P4t8fkJMC ''The Fractured Metropolis: Improving the New City, Restoring the Old City, Reshaping the Region''] by Jonathan Barnett, via Google Books.</ref>

			==Etymology and usage==
			The English word is derived from the [[Old French]] {{lang\|fro\|subburbe}}, which is in turn derived from the Latin {{lang\|la\|suburbium}}, formed from {{lang\|la\|sub}} (meaning "under" or "below") and {{lang\|la\|urbs}} ("city"). The first recorded usage of the term in English, was by [[John Wycliffe]] in 1380, when the form {{lang\|enm\|subarbis}} was used, according to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''.

			===In Australia and New Zealand===
			[[File:View over Griffith NSW 1.jpg\|thumb\|Suburban housing in the regional city of [[Griffith, New South Wales]]]]
			In Australia and also New Zealand, suburban areas (in the wider sense noted in the lead paragraph) have become formalised as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas in both countries, their equivalents are called localities (see [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)\|suburbs and localities]]). The terms ''inner suburb'' and ''outer suburb'' are used to differentiate between the higher-density areas in proximity to the city centre (which would not be referred to as 'suburbs' in most other countries), and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. The term 'middle suburbs' is also used. [[Inner suburbs]], such as [[Te Aro]] in [[Wellington]], [[Eden Terrace]] in [[Auckland]], [[Prahran, Victoria\|Prahran]] in [[Melbourne]] and [[Ultimo, New South Wales\|Ultimo]] in [[Sydney]], are usually characterised by higher density apartment housing and greater integration between commercial and residential areas.

			In New Zealand, most suburbs are not legally defined, which can lead to confusion as to where they may begin and end.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://fyi.org.nz/request/7543-suburb-boundaries\|title=Suburb boundaries – a Official Information Act request to Christchurch City Council\|date=30 March 2018\|work=FYI\|access-date=20 April 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420070632/https://fyi.org.nz/request/7543-suburb-boundaries\|archive-date=20 April 2018\|url-status=dead\|language=en}}</ref> A geospatial dataset defining suburbs for use by emergency services is developed and maintained by [[Fire and Emergency New Zealand]] and is published<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Fire and Emergency NZ Localities - Fire and Emergency NZ {{!}} {{!}} GIS Data Map Mapping {{!}} LINZ Data Service\|url=https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/104830-fire-and-emergency-nz-localities/\|access-date=2021-09-21\|website=data.linz.govt.nz}}</ref> under an open license.

			===In the United Kingdom and Ireland===
			[[File:Highfields2.jpg\|thumb\|[[Upper middle class]] suburban housing in [[Swords, Dublin\|Swords]], [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland\|Ireland]]. ]]
			In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the term ''suburb'' simply refers to a residential area outside the city centre, regardless of administrative boundaries.<ref name="Hollow 2011"/> Suburbs, in this sense, can range from areas that seem more like residential areas of a city proper to areas separated by open countryside from the city centre. In large cities such as London and Leeds, many suburbs are formerly separate towns and villages that have been absorbed during a city's expansion, such as [[Ealing]], [[Bromley]], and [[Guiseley]]. In Ireland, this can be seen in the Dublin suburban areas of [[Swords, Dublin\|Swords]], [[Blanchardstown]], and [[Tallaght]].

			===In North America===
			In the United States and Canada, ''suburb'' can refer either to an outlying residential area of a city or town or to a separate municipality or [[unincorporated area]] outside a town or city.{{citation needed\|date=December 2021}}

			Although a majority of Americans regard themselves as residents of suburban communities, the federal government of the United States has no formal definition for what constitutes a ''suburb'' in the United States leaving its precise meaning disputed.<ref>{{cite web\|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-07/how-to-define-american-suburbs\|title=How to Tell If You Live in the Suburbs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.planetizen.com/news/2018/11/101632-according-federal-government-suburbs-dont-exist\|title=According to the Federal Government, the Suburbs Don't Exist}}</ref>

			In Canada, the term may also be used in the British sense, especially as cities annex formerly outlying areas.{{citation needed\|date=December 2021}}

	==References==		==References==