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	In February 1916 Bose was alleged to have masterminded,{{sfn\|Hayes\|2011\|p=1}} or participated in, an incident involving E. F. Oaten, Professor of History at Presidency.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} Before the incident, it was claimed by the students, Oaten had made rude remarks about Indian culture, and collared and pushed some students; according to Oaten, the students were making an unacceptably loud noise just outside his class.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} A few days later, on 15 February, some students accosted Oaten on a stairway, surrounded him, beat him with sandals, and took to flight.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} An inquiry committee was constituted. Although Oaten, who was unhurt, could not identify his assailants, a college servant testified to seeing Subhas Bose among those fleeing, confirming for the authorities what they had determined to be the rumor among the students.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} Bose was expelled from the college and rusticated from [[University of Calcutta]].{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=49}} The incident shocked Calcutta and caused anguish to Bose's family.{{sfn\|Hayes\|2011\|p=1}} He was ordered back to Cuttack. His family's connections were employed to pressure [[Asutosh Mukherjee]], the Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=49}} Despite this, Subhas Bose's expulsion remained in place until 20 July 1917, when the Syndicate of Calcutta University granted him permission to return, but to another college.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=52}} He joined [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta\|Scottish Church College]], receiving his B.A. in 1918 in the [[British undergraduate degree classification#First Class Honours\|First Class]] with honours in philosophy, placing second among all philosophy students in Calcutta University.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=54}}		In February 1916 Bose was alleged to have masterminded,{{sfn\|Hayes\|2011\|p=1}} or participated in, an incident involving E. F. Oaten, Professor of History at Presidency.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} Before the incident, it was claimed by the students, Oaten had made rude remarks about Indian culture, and collared and pushed some students; according to Oaten, the students were making an unacceptably loud noise just outside his class.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} A few days later, on 15 February, some students accosted Oaten on a stairway, surrounded him, beat him with sandals, and took to flight.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} An inquiry committee was constituted. Although Oaten, who was unhurt, could not identify his assailants, a college servant testified to seeing Subhas Bose among those fleeing, confirming for the authorities what they had determined to be the rumor among the students.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} Bose was expelled from the college and rusticated from [[University of Calcutta]].{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=49}} The incident shocked Calcutta and caused anguish to Bose's family.{{sfn\|Hayes\|2011\|p=1}} He was ordered back to Cuttack. His family's connections were employed to pressure [[Asutosh Mukherjee]], the Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=49}} Despite this, Subhas Bose's expulsion remained in place until 20 July 1917, when the Syndicate of Calcutta University granted him permission to return, but to another college.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=52}} He joined [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta\|Scottish Church College]], receiving his B.A. in 1918 in the [[British undergraduate degree classification#First Class Honours\|First Class]] with honours in philosophy, placing second among all philosophy students in Calcutta University.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=54}}

	[[File:Hindu college calcutta1851.jpg\|thumb\|left\|A coloured-in photograph (1851) of [[Presidency College, Kolkata\|Presidency College]], Calcutta which Subhas Bose entered in 1913, but from which he was expelled in 1916]]

	At his father's urging, Subhas Bose agreed to travel to England to prepare and appear for the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)\|Indian Civil Services]] (ICS) examination.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=55}} Arriving in London on 20 October 1919, Subhas readied his application for the ICS.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|pp=55–56}} For his references he put down [[Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha\|Lord Sinha of Raipur]], Under Secretary of State for India, and [[Bhupendra Nath Bose\|Bhupendranath Basu]], a wealthy Calcutta lawyer who sat on the Council of India in London.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=55}} Bose was eager also to gain admission to a college at the [[University of Cambridge]].{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} It was past the deadline for admission.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} He sought help from some Indian students and from the Non-Collegiate Students Board. The Board offered the university's education at an economical cost without formal admission to a college. Bose [[Matriculation#United Kingdom\|entered the register]] of the university on 19 November 1919 and simultaneously set about preparing for the Civil Service exams.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} He chose the Mental and Moral Sciences Tripos at Cambridge,{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} its completion requirement reduced to two years on account of his Indian B. A.{{Sfn\|Fay\|1995\|p=179}}		At his father's urging, Subhas Bose agreed to travel to England to prepare and appear for the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)\|Indian Civil Services]] (ICS) examination.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=55}} Arriving in London on 20 October 1919, Subhas readied his application for the ICS.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|pp=55–56}} For his references he put down [[Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha\|Lord Sinha of Raipur]], Under Secretary of State for India, and [[Bhupendra Nath Bose\|Bhupendranath Basu]], a wealthy Calcutta lawyer who sat on the Council of India in London.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=55}} Bose was eager also to gain admission to a college at the [[University of Cambridge]].{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} It was past the deadline for admission.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} He sought help from some Indian students and from the Non-Collegiate Students Board. The Board offered the university's education at an economical cost without formal admission to a college. Bose [[Matriculation#United Kingdom\|entered the register]] of the university on 19 November 1919 and simultaneously set about preparing for the Civil Service exams.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} He chose the Mental and Moral Sciences Tripos at Cambridge,{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} its completion requirement reduced to two years on account of his Indian B. A.{{Sfn\|Fay\|1995\|p=179}}

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:48, 2 July 2023
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	In February 1916 Bose was alleged to have masterminded,{{sfn\|Hayes\|2011\|p=1}} or participated in, an incident involving E. F. Oaten, Professor of History at Presidency.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} Before the incident, it was claimed by the students, Oaten had made rude remarks about Indian culture, and collared and pushed some students; according to Oaten, the students were making an unacceptably loud noise just outside his class.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} A few days later, on 15 February, some students accosted Oaten on a stairway, surrounded him, beat him with sandals, and took to flight.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} An inquiry committee was constituted. Although Oaten, who was unhurt, could not identify his assailants, a college servant testified to seeing Subhas Bose among those fleeing, confirming for the authorities what they had determined to be the rumor among the students.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} Bose was expelled from the college and rusticated from [[University of Calcutta]].{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=49}} The incident shocked Calcutta and caused anguish to Bose's family.{{sfn\|Hayes\|2011\|p=1}} He was ordered back to Cuttack. His family's connections were employed to pressure [[Asutosh Mukherjee]], the Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=49}} Despite this, Subhas Bose's expulsion remained in place until 20 July 1917, when the Syndicate of Calcutta University granted him permission to return, but to another college.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=52}} He joined [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta\|Scottish Church College]], receiving his B.A. in 1918 in the [[British undergraduate degree classification#First Class Honours\|First Class]] with honours in philosophy, placing second among all philosophy students in Calcutta University.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=54}}		In February 1916 Bose was alleged to have masterminded,{{sfn\|Hayes\|2011\|p=1}} or participated in, an incident involving E. F. Oaten, Professor of History at Presidency.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} Before the incident, it was claimed by the students, Oaten had made rude remarks about Indian culture, and collared and pushed some students; according to Oaten, the students were making an unacceptably loud noise just outside his class.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} A few days later, on 15 February, some students accosted Oaten on a stairway, surrounded him, beat him with sandals, and took to flight.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} An inquiry committee was constituted. Although Oaten, who was unhurt, could not identify his assailants, a college servant testified to seeing Subhas Bose among those fleeing, confirming for the authorities what they had determined to be the rumor among the students.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=48}} Bose was expelled from the college and rusticated from [[University of Calcutta]].{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=49}} The incident shocked Calcutta and caused anguish to Bose's family.{{sfn\|Hayes\|2011\|p=1}} He was ordered back to Cuttack. His family's connections were employed to pressure [[Asutosh Mukherjee]], the Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=49}} Despite this, Subhas Bose's expulsion remained in place until 20 July 1917, when the Syndicate of Calcutta University granted him permission to return, but to another college.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=52}} He joined [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta\|Scottish Church College]], receiving his B.A. in 1918 in the [[British undergraduate degree classification#First Class Honours\|First Class]] with honours in philosophy, placing second among all philosophy students in Calcutta University.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=54}}

	[[File:Hindu college calcutta1851.jpg\|thumb\|left\|A coloured-in photograph (1851) of [[Presidency College, Kolkata\|Presidency College]], Calcutta which Subhas Bose entered in 1913, but from which he was expelled in 1916]]

	At his father's urging, Subhas Bose agreed to travel to England to prepare and appear for the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)\|Indian Civil Services]] (ICS) examination.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=55}} Arriving in London on 20 October 1919, Subhas readied his application for the ICS.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|pp=55–56}} For his references he put down [[Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha\|Lord Sinha of Raipur]], Under Secretary of State for India, and [[Bhupendra Nath Bose\|Bhupendranath Basu]], a wealthy Calcutta lawyer who sat on the Council of India in London.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=55}} Bose was eager also to gain admission to a college at the [[University of Cambridge]].{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} It was past the deadline for admission.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} He sought help from some Indian students and from the Non-Collegiate Students Board. The Board offered the university's education at an economical cost without formal admission to a college. Bose [[Matriculation#United Kingdom\|entered the register]] of the university on 19 November 1919 and simultaneously set about preparing for the Civil Service exams.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} He chose the Mental and Moral Sciences Tripos at Cambridge,{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} its completion requirement reduced to two years on account of his Indian B. A.{{Sfn\|Fay\|1995\|p=179}}		At his father's urging, Subhas Bose agreed to travel to England to prepare and appear for the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)\|Indian Civil Services]] (ICS) examination.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=55}} Arriving in London on 20 October 1919, Subhas readied his application for the ICS.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|pp=55–56}} For his references he put down [[Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha\|Lord Sinha of Raipur]], Under Secretary of State for India, and [[Bhupendra Nath Bose\|Bhupendranath Basu]], a wealthy Calcutta lawyer who sat on the Council of India in London.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=55}} Bose was eager also to gain admission to a college at the [[University of Cambridge]].{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} It was past the deadline for admission.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} He sought help from some Indian students and from the Non-Collegiate Students Board. The Board offered the university's education at an economical cost without formal admission to a college. Bose [[Matriculation#United Kingdom\|entered the register]] of the university on 19 November 1919 and simultaneously set about preparing for the Civil Service exams.{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} He chose the Mental and Moral Sciences Tripos at Cambridge,{{Sfn\|Gordon\|1990\|p=56}} its completion requirement reduced to two years on account of his Indian B. A.{{Sfn\|Fay\|1995\|p=179}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:48, 2 July 2023
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	{{Short description\|Indian nationalist leader and politician (1897–1945)}}		{{Short description\|Indian nationalist leader and politician (1897–1945)}}
	{{Redirect\|Netaji}}		{{Redirect\|Netaji}}
	~~{{pp-protected\|reason=Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing\|disruptive editing]]; restoring indefinite semi\|small=yes}}~~
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}

Subhas Chandra Bose - Revision history

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