Subhadra Kumari Chauhan - Revision history

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	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Subhadra ~~Kumari~~ Chauhan ji was born ~~on 16 August 1904~~ in "Nihalpur ~~locality" of Prayagraj (~~[[Allahabad]]~~) district of~~ [[Uttar Pradesh]] ~~state<ref>https://www.inhindi.info/2022/07/subhadra-kumari-chauhan.html</ref>~~. She initially studied in the Crosthwaite Girls' School in [[Allahabad]] where she was senior to and friends with [[Mahadevi Verma]] and passed the middle-school examination in 1919. She married Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of [[Khandwa]] in 1919 when she was sixteen with whom she had five children. After her marriage with Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of Khandwa in the same year, she moved to Jubbulpore (now [[Jabalpur]]), [[Central Provinces]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Chauhan\|first1=Subhadra Kumari\|title=Subhadrakumari Chauhan Ki Sampoorna Kahaniyan\|date=1 January 2012\|publisher=Rajpal & Sons\|location=New Delhi\|edition=Hindi}}</ref>		Subhadra Chauhan was born in Nihalpur village in [[Allahabad District]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She initially studied in the Crosthwaite Girls' School in [[Allahabad]] where she was senior to and friends with [[Mahadevi Verma]] and passed the middle-school examination in 1919. She married Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of [[Khandwa]] in 1919 when she was sixteen with whom she had five children. After her marriage with Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of Khandwa in the same year, she moved to Jubbulpore (now [[Jabalpur]]), [[Central Provinces]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Chauhan\|first1=Subhadra Kumari\|title=Subhadrakumari Chauhan Ki Sampoorna Kahaniyan\|date=1 January 2012\|publisher=Rajpal & Sons\|location=New Delhi\|edition=Hindi}}</ref>

	In 1921, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan and her husband joined [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mahatma Gandhi's]] [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. She was the first woman [[Satyagrahi]] to court arrest in [[Nagpur]] and was jailed twice for her involvement in protests against the [[British rule]] in 1923 and 1942.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan\|url=https://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/author47.html\|website=www.bharatdarshan.co.nz\|publisher=Bharat Darshan\|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>		In 1921, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan and her husband joined [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mahatma Gandhi's]] [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. She was the first woman [[Satyagrahi]] to court arrest in [[Nagpur]] and was jailed twice for her involvement in protests against the [[British rule]] in 1923 and 1942.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan\|url=https://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/author47.html\|website=www.bharatdarshan.co.nz\|publisher=Bharat Darshan\|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>
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	* [http://oldpoetry.com/opoem/41054-Subhadra-Kumari-Chauhan-Jhansi-Ki-Rani--With-English-Translation- Jhansi Ki Rani English Translation By Qazi Muhammad Ahkam]		* [http://oldpoetry.com/opoem/41054-Subhadra-Kumari-Chauhan-Jhansi-Ki-Rani--With-English-Translation- Jhansi Ki Rani English Translation By Qazi Muhammad Ahkam]
	* [http://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/subhadrakumari-chauhan.html Subhadra Kumari Chauhan] at ''Bharat Darshan''		* [http://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/subhadrakumari-chauhan.html Subhadra Kumari Chauhan] at ''Bharat Darshan''
	* [https://www.inhindi.info/2022/07/subhadra-kumari-chauhan.html Subhadra Kumari Chauhan]

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Biography

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 2 January 2023
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	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Subhadra Chauhan was born in Nihalpur ~~village in~~ [[Allahabad ~~District~~]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She initially studied in the Crosthwaite Girls' School in [[Allahabad]] where she was senior to and friends with [[Mahadevi Verma]] and passed the middle-school examination in 1919. She married Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of [[Khandwa]] in 1919 when she was sixteen with whom she had five children. After her marriage with Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of Khandwa in the same year, she moved to Jubbulpore (now [[Jabalpur]]), [[Central Provinces]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Chauhan\|first1=Subhadra Kumari\|title=Subhadrakumari Chauhan Ki Sampoorna Kahaniyan\|date=1 January 2012\|publisher=Rajpal & Sons\|location=New Delhi\|edition=Hindi}}</ref>		Subhadra Kumari Chauhan ji was born on 16 August 1904 in "Nihalpur locality" of Prayagraj ([[Allahabad]]) district of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state<ref>https://www.inhindi.info/2022/07/subhadra-kumari-chauhan.html</ref>. She initially studied in the Crosthwaite Girls' School in [[Allahabad]] where she was senior to and friends with [[Mahadevi Verma]] and passed the middle-school examination in 1919. She married Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of [[Khandwa]] in 1919 when she was sixteen with whom she had five children. After her marriage with Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of Khandwa in the same year, she moved to Jubbulpore (now [[Jabalpur]]), [[Central Provinces]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Chauhan\|first1=Subhadra Kumari\|title=Subhadrakumari Chauhan Ki Sampoorna Kahaniyan\|date=1 January 2012\|publisher=Rajpal & Sons\|location=New Delhi\|edition=Hindi}}</ref>

	In 1921, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan and her husband joined [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mahatma Gandhi's]] [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. She was the first woman [[Satyagrahi]] to court arrest in [[Nagpur]] and was jailed twice for her involvement in protests against the [[British rule]] in 1923 and 1942.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan\|url=https://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/author47.html\|website=www.bharatdarshan.co.nz\|publisher=Bharat Darshan\|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>		In 1921, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan and her husband joined [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Mahatma Gandhi's]] [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. She was the first woman [[Satyagrahi]] to court arrest in [[Nagpur]] and was jailed twice for her involvement in protests against the [[British rule]] in 1923 and 1942.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan\|url=https://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/author47.html\|website=www.bharatdarshan.co.nz\|publisher=Bharat Darshan\|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>
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	* [http://oldpoetry.com/opoem/41054-Subhadra-Kumari-Chauhan-Jhansi-Ki-Rani--With-English-Translation- Jhansi Ki Rani English Translation By Qazi Muhammad Ahkam]		* [http://oldpoetry.com/opoem/41054-Subhadra-Kumari-Chauhan-Jhansi-Ki-Rani--With-English-Translation- Jhansi Ki Rani English Translation By Qazi Muhammad Ahkam]
	* [http://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/subhadrakumari-chauhan.html Subhadra Kumari Chauhan] at ''Bharat Darshan''		* [http://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/subhadrakumari-chauhan.html Subhadra Kumari Chauhan] at ''Bharat Darshan''
			* [https://www.inhindi.info/2022/07/subhadra-kumari-chauhan.html Subhadra Kumari Chauhan]

>TryKid: /* External links */fix Wikisource link

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>Scorpions13256: Copying from Category:20th-century Indian women writers to Category:20th-century Indian writers non-diffusing subcategory using Cat-a-lot

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{{Short description|Hindi poetess}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
| image = Subhadra Kumari Chauhan 1976 stamp of India.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt = Subhadra Kumari Chauhan.JPG
| caption = Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1904|08|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Allahabad district|Allahabad]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1948|02|15|1904|08|16|df=y}}<ref name="tiwari199p137">{{cite web|title=Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan|url=https://allpoetry.com/Subhadra-Kumari-Chauhan|publisher=All poetry|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Seoni]], [[Central Provinces and Berar]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Poet]]
| nationality = Indian
| language = [[Hindi]]
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period = 1904–1948
| genre = Poetry
| subject = Hindi
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse = Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan
| partner =
| children = 5
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}

'''Subhadra Kumari Chauhan''' (16 August 1904<ref>Rai, Alok (4 October 2008) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=97283 Chauhan (née Singh), Subhadra Kumarilocked (1904–1948)]. ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. {{DOI|10.1093/ref:odnb/97283}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/subhadrakumari-chauhan.html सुभद्रा कुमारी]. bharatdarshan.co.nz</ref> – 15 February 1948) was an Indian poet famous for the popular poem "Jhansi ki Rani" (about the [[Queen of Jhansi]]).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rajaswi|first1=M.I.|title=Rashtrabhakt Kavyitri Subhadra Kumari Chauhan (Hindi)|date=2016|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-9384344375|edition=1}}</ref>

==About her Early life==
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan was a prominent poetess in India, whose writings used to be very emotionally charged. She was born in 1904 at the Nihalpur village in Allahabad district.

==About her family==
She married with Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of [Khandwa] in 1919 at age of sixteen, with whom she had five children.

==Career==
In 1921, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan and her husband joined [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi's]] [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. She was the first woman [[Satyagrahi]] to court arrest in [[Nagpur]] and was jailed twice for her involvement in protests against [[British rule]] in 1923 and 1942.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan|url=https://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/author47.html|website=www.bharatdarshan.co.nz|publisher=Bharat Darshan|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>

===Writing career===
Chauhan authored a number of popular works in [[Hindi]] poetry. Her most famous composition is ''Jhansi Ki Rani'', an emotionally charged poem describing the life of [[Rani Lakshmi Bai]]. It is one of the most recited and sung poems in Hindi literature, and is often taught in schools across India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poems of Bundelkhand|url=http://www.bundelkhand.in/POEM/khoob-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi|website=www.bundelkhand.in|publisher=Bundelkhand.In|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref> A couplet repeated at the end of each stanza reads:

:बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी,
:खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chauhan|first1=Subhadra Kumari|title=Jhansi ki rani|url=https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/hindi-poem-khub-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi/|website=www.poemhunter.com|publisher=Poem hunter|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>

This and her other poems, ''[http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/sankalan/vasanti_hava/veeronka.htm Veeron Ka Kaisa Ho Basant]'', ''Rakhi Ki Chunauti'', and ''[http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_/_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8 Vida]'', openly talk about the freedom movement. Here is the opening stanza of ''Jhansi ki Rani'':

Original Hindi text:
<poem><blockquote>
सिंहासन हिल उठे राजवंशों ने भृकुटी तानी थी,
बूढ़े भारत में भी आई फिर से नयी जवानी थी,
गुमी हुई आज़ादी की कीमत सबने पहचानी थी,
दूर फिरंगी को करने की सबने मन में ठानी थी।
चमक उठी सन सत्तावन में, वह तलवार पुरानी थी,
बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी,
खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।
</blockquote></poem>
Roman transliteration using ITRANS:
<poem><blockquote>
sinhasan hil uthe, rajavanshon ne bhrikuti tani thi,
boodhhe bharat mein bhi aayi, phir se nayi jawaani thi,
gumi hui azadI ki keemat sab ne pahachani thi,
door firangi ko karne ki sab ne mann mein thani thi.
chamak uthi san sattawan mein, woh talwaar puraani thi,
bundele harbolon ke munh ham ne sunI kahani thi,
khoob ladi mardani woh to jhansI wali rani thi.
</blockquote></poem>
English translation:
<poem><blockquote>
The thrones shook and royalties scowled
Old India was re-invigorated with new youth
People realised the value of lost freedom
Everybody was determined to throw the foreigners out
The old sword glistened again in 1857
This story we heard from the mouths of Bundel bards
Like a man she fought, she was the Queen of Jhansi
</blockquote></poem>
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan wrote in the [[Khariboli]] dialect of Hindi, in a simple, clear style. She also wrote poems for children and short stories based on the life of the middle class.

==Death==
She died in 1948 in a car accident near Seoni M.P. on her way back to Jabalpur from Nagpur, where she had gone to attend the assembly session as a member of the state legislative assembly.

==Memorials==
The ICGS Subhadra Kumari Chauhan,<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/india-pakistan-plan-hotline-on-maritime-security/article3154123.ece India, Pakistan plan hotline on maritime security - NATIONAL]. ''The Hindu'' (April 29, 2006). Retrieved on 2018-12-13.</ref> an [[Indian Coast Guard]] ship, was named after the poet.<ref name=tiwari199p137 /> The government of [[Madhya Pradesh]] placed a statue of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan before the Municipal Corporation office of [[Jabalpur]]. On August 6, 1976, [[India Posts]] released a postage stamp to commemorate her.<ref>[http://www.stampsathi.in/php/public/stamps-gallery.php?page=71 Indian Postage Stamps | Commemorative | Definitive | Miniature Sheets | Sheetlets]. Stampsathi.in. Retrieved on 2018-12-13.</ref>

==Works==

===Collections of poems===
* [https://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/magazine/literature/289/khillonewala.html ''Khilonewala'']
* ''Tridhara''
* ''Mukul'' (1930)
* [http://kavitakosh.org/kk/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC_/_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8 ''Yeh Kadamb Ka Ped'']
These anthologies consist some of the well-known poems like "Jhansi ki Raani", "Veeron Ka Kaisa Ho Basant" and "Yeh Kadamb Ka Ped", " Rakhi ki chunauti ".

* "Seedhe-Saade Chitra" (1946)
* "Mera naya Bachpan" (1946)
* "Bikhare Moti" (1932)
* [https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/irshaad/famous-poem-on-rani-laxmi-bai-by-subhadra-kumari-chauhan "Jhansi ki Rani"]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India
|author=Nalini Natarajan, Emmanuel Sampath Nelson
|year=1996
|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group
|isbn=0-313-28778-3
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfSPI2irzUgC&q=subhadra+kumari+chauhan&pg=PA146
}} by Natarajan, N.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Subhadra Kumari Chauhan}}
{{wikisourcelang|1|सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान likes are there.|Subhadra Kumari Chauhan}}
* '''[link Subhadra Kumari Chauhan at Kavita Kosh]'''
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027173647/http://geocities.com/dakshina_kan_pa/art31/women6.htm |date=27 October 2009 |title=Another brief biography }}
* [https://archive.is/20130125180001/http://www.historytalking.com/hindi.htm Short note and recitation of the poem Jhansi Ki Rani]
* [http://oldpoetry.com/opoem/41054-Subhadra-Kumari-Chauhan-Jhansi-Ki-Rani--With-English-Translation- Jhansi Ki Rani English Translation By Qazi Muhammad Ahkam]
* [http://www.bharatdarshan.co.nz/author-profile/47/subhadrakumari-chauhan.html]
* [http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=97283]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chauhan, Subhadra Kumari}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Allahabad district]]
[[Category:Indian women poets]]
[[Category:People from Khandwa]]
[[Category:People from Jabalpur]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]