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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Subarnarekha
|image = Subarnarekha, 1962 film.jpg
| caption = A poster for ''Subarnarekha''.
|director = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
| screenplay = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
| story = Ritwik Ghatak [[Radheshyam Jhunjhunwala]]
| starring = [[Abhi Bhattacharya]] [[Madhabi Mukherjee]] [[Satindra Bhattacharya]] [[Bijon Bhattacharya]] Pitambar [[Indrani Chakrabarty]] [[Sriman Tarun]] [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
| music = [[Ustad Bahadur Khan]]
|cinematography = Dilip Rajan Mukherjee
|editing = Ramesh Joshi
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1965|10|01|df=y}}
| runtime = 143 min.
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
}}

'''''Subarnarekha''''' ({{lang-bn|সুবর্ণরেখা}} ''Subarṇarekhā'') is an [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]] directed by [[Ritwik Ghatak]].<ref name="Subarnarekha (1965)">{{cite news|title=Subarnarekha (1965)|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/227688/Subarnarekha/credits|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327055702/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/227688/Subarnarekha/credits|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 March 2013|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2013|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> It was produced in 1962 but not released until 1965. It is a part of the trilogy that includes ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), ''[[Komal Gandhar]]'' (1961) and ''Subarnarekha'' (1962), all dealing with the aftermath of the [[Partition of India ]] in 1947 and the refugees coping with it.<ref>{{cite book |title=Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories|author=Rosalind Galt|author2=Karl Schoonover |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-538562-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkmrQYWaYTYC&q=Komal+Gandhar+film&pg=PT431 }}</ref>

==Plot summary==

The film tells the story of Ishwar Chakraborty ([[Abhi Bhattacharya]]), a [[Hindu]] [[East Bengali refugees|refugee]] from [[East Pakistan]] after the 1947 [[partition of India]]. He goes to West Bengal with his little sister Sita (Indrani Chakrabarty) where he tries to start a new life. In a refugee camp, they see the abduction of a low-[[caste]] woman and Ishwar takes her little son Abhiram (Sriman Tarun) with him. He gets a job at a factory in the province, near the river [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]], courtesy his college friend Rambilas (Pitambar). Ishwar, Sita and Abhiram arrive at Chatimpur, a small settlement near Ghatshila where they meet Mukherjee (Jahor Roy), foreman of the foundry workshop, who greets them with love.

Abhiram is sent to Jhargram for education shortly after and Sita becomes lonely. Abhiram completes his study successfully and comes back on the very day Ishwar was appointed as the new manager. Abhiram finds that Ishwar had already arranged for his application in a German University to pursue his career further in engineering, but to his foster-brother's surprise, he refuses and decides to become a writer instead. Soon after, he ([[Satindra Bhattacharya]]) and Sita ([[Madhabi Mukherjee]]) discover that they are in love. But at this moment, Ishwar's fear of prejudice emerges, as he does not want his sister, a [[Brahmin]], to marry a lower caste boy. At the same time, Abhiram's caste gets exposed to the others also when he recognizes his dying mother at rail station in front of many people. Ishwar senses danger and asks him to leave for Calcutta when he gives proposal to marry Sita. During Sita's wedding with another man, the girl and Abhiram elope and go to [[Calcutta]]. Ishwar is angry and heartbroken.

Sita and Abhiram live in the slums of Calcutta and try to make ends meet. They have a little son (Sriman Ashok Bhattacharya). One day, Abhiram gets a new job as a bus driver, but this leads to tragedy: when he accidentally hits and kills a little girl, he is lynched by the crowd. In her desperate situation, Sita is forced to think about taking up prostitution.

In the meantime, Ishwar is living a lonely and sad life in the province. When his old time friend Haraprasad ([[Bijon Bhattacharya]]) comes to visit him, they decide to go to Calcutta on a [[binge drinking]] tour. They finally end up in a [[brothel]], both completely drunk. When Ishwar staggers into one of the bedchambers, he is faced... with his own sister, whose first "client" he should become. Sita immediately recognizes him and cuts her own throat rather than have her brother see how far she has fallen. She dies. When Ishwar realizes what has happened, he breaks down.

At the end of the film, the now completely broken Ishwar meets Sita's little son, who is now his closest relative. Ishwar and Binu arrives at Ghatshila rail station. Just as the train leaves, Ishwar receives a letter from foreman Mukherjee from which he comes to know that he has been sacked from his managerial job because of his truthful ideology and all the legal matter he faced after her sister committed suicide. Mukherjee is now the new manager and he asks Ishwar to vacate the quarter. Ishwar, at first, feels lost but as he sees little Binu, he brightens up and decides to take the little boy into his clutches. The film ends with the two approaching the quarter along the banks of Subarnarekha, with Binu, not knowing the reality fills with joy to see his new home, the story he has been told by his mother many times, while Ishwar pants but still does not reveal the truth in order not to spoil his little nephew's dream.

== Credits ==

=== Cast ===
* Abhi Bhattacharya as Iswar Chakraborty
* [[Bijon Bhattacharya]] as Haraprasad
* Indrani Chakraborty as Little Sita
* Gita Dey as Koushalya (Bagdi Bou)
* Mater Tarun as Little Abhiram
* Ranen Roy Choudhury as Baul
* Abanish Bandopadhyay as Hari Babu
* Radha Govinda Ghosh as Manager
* Ritwik Ghatak as Music Teacher
* [[Madhabi Mukhopadhyay]] as Sita
* Satindra Bhattacharya as Abhiram
* Jahor Roy as Mukherjee (Foreman)
* Umanath Bhattacharya as Akhil Babu
* Sita Mukhopadhyay as Kajal Didi
* Pitambar as Rambilas

=== Crew ===
*'''Story:''' Ritwik Ghatak, Radheshyam Jhunjhunwala
*'''Screenplay:''' Ritwik Ghatak
*'''Cinematography:''' Dilip Rajan Mukherjee
*'''Editing:''' Ramesh Joshi
*'''Sound:''' Satyen Chatterjee
*'''Art Direction''': Rabi Chatterjee
*'''Music:''' [[Ustad Bahadur Khan]]

==Soundtrack==
The film's [[soundtrack]] consists of the following songs composed by [[Ustad Bahadur Khan]]:

* ''Aaj dhaner khete roudro chhayay...''
* ''Ali, dekh bhor bhai... kahan jage...''
* ''Aaj ki ananda, aaj ki ananda, jhulat jhulane Shyamchanda...''
* ''Mor dukhuya ka se kahun... aaj'''
* '' Khelan aaye... kuhar phuhar''

== Accolades ==
In a critics' poll of [[Films considered the greatest ever|all-time greatest films]] conducted by [[Cinema of Asia|Asian film]] magazine ''[[Cinemaya]]'' in 1998, ''Subarnarekha'' was ranked at #11 on the list.<ref>{{citation|last=Totaro|first=Donato|title=The "Sight & Sound" of Canons|date=31 January 2003|url=http://www.horschamp.qc.ca/new_offscreen/canon.html|journal=Offscreen Journal|publisher=[[Canada Council|Canada Council for the Arts]]|access-date=2009-04-19}}</ref> Critic [[Girish Shambu]], director [[Ashim Ahluwalia]] and 2 others included the film on their respective lists of "The Greatest Films of All Time" (polled by ''[[Sight & Sound]]''), making it the 322nd best film according to the Directors' poll.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7757d932/sightandsoundpoll2012|title=Votes for SUBARNAREKHA (1965) {{!}} BFI|website=www.bfi.org.uk|access-date=2019-03-10}}</ref> Ahluwalia considers it to be "one of the most intuitive, messy and haunting films ever made with the best drunk taxi ride in the history of cinema."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/voter/886|title=Ashim Ahluwalia {{!}} BFI|website=www.bfi.org.uk|access-date=2019-03-10}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|56537|Subarnarekha}}
* [http://www.letstalkaboutbollywood.com/article-subarnarekha-ritwick-ghatak-s-ode-to-life-96737835.html Subarnarekha: film analysis at ''Let's talk about Bollywood'']

{{Ritwik Ghatak}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Bengali}}

[[Category:1965 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ritwik Ghatak]]
[[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]
[[Category:1960s Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Jamshedpur]]

Subarnarekha (film) - Revision history

imported>Normal Name: courtsey->courtesy - Fix a typo in one click