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Demographics: Changed pie chart colours

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Subarnapur (disambiguation){{!}}Subarnapur}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Subarnapur district
| other_name = Sonepur
| nickname = City of Temples & Crafts
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| image_skyline = Bhima Bhoi memorial, Khaliapali temple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Lankeswari Temple]], [[Sonepur, Odisha|Subarnapur]]
| image_map = India Odisha Subarnapur district.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|20.85|N|83.9|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Western Odisha]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = April 1st, 1993
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Sonepur, Odisha|Subarnapur]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[District collector|Collector & District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = Monisha Banerjee, IAS
| leader_title1 = [[Divisional Forest Officer|Divisional Forest Officer Cum Wildlife Warden]]
| leader_name1 = Sushant K. Samantaray, OFS
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Debi Prasad Dash, OPS
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2284.4
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 610,183
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 231
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 767 xxx
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 665x
| registration_plate = OD 31
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Balangir]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 1000:966 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 64.07%
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolangir]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = 064-[[Birmaharajpur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Birmaharajpur (SC)]] 065-[[Sonepur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonepur]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1443.5|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|30|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|45|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank5_info_sec2 = {{convert|24|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|www.subarnapur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
{{State of Odisha}}
'''Subarnapur District''', also called '''Sonepur District''' or '''Sonapur District''', is an administrative district in western [[Odisha]] state in eastern [[India]]. The town of [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]] is the district headquarters. Sonepur has a rich cultural heritage and is known as the Mandiramalini town (city of temples) of Odisha with more than hundred temples. The people of the Sonepur region are referred to as [[Sonepuri]]a.

==History==
In the 8th century CE, the region was known as Swarnapur and was rules by [[vassal]] lords of the [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty|Bhaumkaras]] of [[Tosali]]. The region was then ruled by the [[Somavamshi dynasty|Somavamsis]] and eventually became one of two capitals of the Somavamsis. Around the 10th and 11th centuries, the region was called Pashima Lanka or Western Lanka.<ref>[http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_orissa/sdr_orich12.pdf Web site of Planning Commission of India]</ref> The evidence for these names comes from a Somavamsi prince of the region called Kumara Someswaradeva who issued a copper plate charter in the late 10th century which identified him as the ruler of Paschima Lanka.<ref>[http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/sept-oct-2005/engpdf/Some%20New%20Facts%20Avout%20Goddess%20Samlei.pdf Some New Facts About Goddess Samlei]</ref> Historically, the presiding deity of the region was the goddess [[Lankeswari]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nxtnsT8CdZ4C&pg=PA286&lpg=PA286&dq=Paschima+Lanka&source=bl&ots=XPYeF-V3cq&sig=lBJgCOlsIDkjntLLBDE4zILOvcI&hl=en&ei=40LZTJ6mGcOYOsi2zJgJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCkQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=Paschima%20Lanka&f=false Encyclopaedia of tourism resources in India, Volume 2 ]</ref> At some point during Somavamsi rule, the region was given its current name, Subarnapur. It was formally established as a district in 1993.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Subarnapur one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme]] (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=September 8, 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=September 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref>

==Divisions==
* Sub-divisions: [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]] and [[Birmaharajpur]]
* Tehsils: [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]], [[Binika]], Rampur, [[Birmaharajpur]], [[Tarbha]], and Ullunda
* Blocks: [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]], [[Binika]], [[Tarbha]], Dunguripali, [[Birmaharajpur]] and Ullunda
* Municipality: [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]]
* N.A.C.: [[Tarbha]] and [[Binika]]

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Subarnapur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 610,183,<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web|year=2011|title=District Census 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php|access-date=2011-09-30|publisher=Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Montenegro]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web|author=US Directorate of Intelligence|title=Country Comparison:Population|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html|access-date=2011-10-01|quote=Montenegro 661,807 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the [[United States|US]] state of [[Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Resident Population Data|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|access-date=2011-09-30|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|quote=Vermont 625,741}}</ref> The district is the 512th most populous in India out of a total of [[List of districts in India|640]].<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 279 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade of 2001–2011 was 20.35%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Subarnapur has a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 959 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males, and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 74.42%.<ref name=districtcensus/> [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] made up 25.6% and 9.8% of the population respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demography {{!}} Subarnapur District,Government of Odisha {{!}} India|url=https://subarnapur.nic.in/demography/|access-date=2020-09-17|language=en-US}}</ref>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 59.67% of the population in the district spoke [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]] and 39.30% [[Odia language|Odia]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref> The Sambalpuri dialect is common in the district.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,17,731|13=1911|14=1,64,230|15=1921|16=1,89,687|17=1931|18=2,11,684|19=1941|20=2,29,296|21=1951|22=2,41,413|23=1961|24=2,74,515|25=1971|26=3,22,578|27=1981|28=3,97,386|29=1991|30=4,76,815|31=2001|32=5,41,835|33=2011|34=6,10,183|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Subarnapur district in 2011 census
| label1 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]]
| value1 = 59.67
| color1 = khaki
| label2 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| value2 = 39.30
| color2 = gold
| label3 = Others
| value3 = 1.03
| color3 = Grey
}}

== Culture ==
Subarnapur is home to a wide variety of cultural heritage, arts, and crafts. The [[Subarnapur, Odisha|Sonepur]] area specializes in [[Textile|textiles]] and [[terracotta]], [[Tarbha]] and Binka produce [[brass]] metal works, Ullunda is home to a tradition of stone carving, and Dunguripali produces Paddy crafts.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Subarnapur is home to the poet and prophet [[Mahima Dharma]]. The district is also known for "Danda-nata", a religious folk tradition which is native to the area.<ref>(Pasayat,1994:413-427;2003)</ref>

===Temple town, Sonepur===
* [[Paschima Lanka]]
* [[Lanka Podi]]
* [[Sasisena Kavya]]
* [[Sasisena Temple]]
* [[Sureswari Temple]]
* [[Subarnameru Temple]]
* [[Lankeswari Temple]]

===Tourist attractions===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* Mahima pitha, Khaliapali
* Gyaneswar Baba Shiv temple and museum at Kenjhiriapali village
* [[Metakani Temple]], Ullunda
* [[Patali Srikhetra]], Kotsamlai
* Rushyashrunga hill at Goudgad jungle
* Papakshya Ghat, Binka
* Kapileswar temple, Charda
* Nabagrahakunda
* Rameswar Shiva Temple
* Lord Sri Sri Swapneshwar Temple, Goudgad of BirmaharajPur Block.
* Thengo Irrigation Project of Birmaharajpur Block
* Maa Umadevi Temple and Siddheswar Temple
* Maa Ramachandi & Baba Raneswar Temple, Telanda
* Gupteswar Baba Temple, Gailmura
* Bhimtangar, Gailmura
*Baunsa Bana, Dunguripali

===Saree===
* Sambalpuri Pata Saree
* Sonepuri Saree

===Notable people===
* [[Kailash Chandra Meher]], painter awarded the [[Padma Shri]].
* [[Nila Madhab Panda]], film maker and director of [[I Am Kalam]].
* [[Sabyasachi Mohapatra]], [[Odia people|Odia]] film director and producer.
* [[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo]]

==Education in Subarnapur district==
{{Main|Education in Subarnapur district}}

=== Schools ===
*Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Tarbha
* Sri Aurobindo Shikshyakendra, Goudgad
* Ganapati Adarsha Shikshya Niketan, Biramaharaj Pur
*Swami Vivekananda Adarsha Vidyalaya, Khandahata
*Anchalik Uchha Vidya Pitha, Kenjhiriapali
*Centurion Public School, Dunguripali
*Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Dunguripali
*Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Rampur
*Sahara Trust High School, Sonepur
*Vishwabharti Chintan Shikshya Niketan, Sonepur

=== Colleges ===
*[[Sonepur College]], Sonepur-Raj
*Model Degree College, Subarnapur
*Shree Ram College, Rampur
*Maharaja High School, Sonepur
*Dunguripali College, Dunguripali

==Politics==
This district is a part of [[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balangir Lok Sabha constituency]]. The MP of Balangir is [[Sangeeta Kumari Singh Deo]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].

===Vidhan Sabha Constituencies===
{{main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
The following are the two [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan sabha]] constituencies<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref> of Subarnapur district and the elected members of each area.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly|url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp|archive-date=2 May 2007|access-date=19 February 2013|work=ws.ori.nic.in|quote=MEMBER NAME}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Constituency
!Reservation
!Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks)
!Member of 14th Assembly
![[Political party|Party]]
|-
!64
|[[Birmaharajpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Birmajarajpur]]
|SC
|Ulunda, Birmaharajpur, Binka (NAC), Binika (part)
|Padmanabh Behera
| bgcolor="#006400" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!65
|[[Sonepur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonepur]]
|None
|Sonepur, Tarabha, Tarabha (NAC), Sonepur (M), Dunguripali, Binka (part) 
| [[Niranjan Pujari]]
| bgcolor="#006400" |[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Kosalananda Kavya]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=DbxE8zOuRbUC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Sonepur,+lanka&source=bl&ots=ozN3BPhexv&sig=NZel2hnPx6MNaYPJs2zmy8T8yHM&hl=en&ei=oSXZTJLzKYaSOvTDkJYJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&sqi=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Sonepur%2C%20lanka&f=false Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=xEtVtSED0u0C&pg=PA161&lpg=PA161&dq=Paschima+Lanka&source=bl&ots=o2jjc21Byf&sig=oXhfvvX5iNKZgprldE5Vn-5bySs&hl=en&ei=kzHZTIbSOIeWOoj6nMAJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBYQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=Paschima%20Lanka&f=false Cultural Profile of South Kosal]
* Pasayat, C. (1994), "Myth and Reality in Little Tradition: A Study of Dandanata in Odisha" in ''Man in India'', Vol.74, No.4, December 1994, pp. 413–427.
* Pasayat, C. (1998), ''Tribe, Caste and Folkculture'', Jaipur/New Delhi: Rawat Publications.
* Pasayat, C. (2003), ''Glimpses of Tribal and Folkculture'', New Delhi: Anmol Pub. Pvt. Ltd.

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Subarnapur district
|North =
|Northeast = [[Sambalpur district]]
|East = [[Anugul district]]
|Southeast = [[Baudh district]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Balangir district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Bargarh district]]
}}

{{Subarnapur district}}
{{Western Odisha}}
{{Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subarnapur District}}
[[Category:Subarnapur district| ]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Districts of Odisha]]

Subarnapur district - Revision history

imported>C1MM: /* Demographics */ Changed pie chart colours