AarohamResort at 03:46, 30 August 2025

2025-08-30T03:46:07Z

223.178.210.177: /* Course */

2021-07-19T04:55:45Z

Course

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Subansiri
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| source1 = Mount Porom
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| mouth = [[Brahmaputra]]
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| name_native_lang = Sanskrit
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| image = Subansiri.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_caption = Subansiri
| map = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins.jpg
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| map_caption = Map of the combined drainage basins of the Ganges (yellow), Brahmaputra (violet) and Meghna (green) including the Subansiri River
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The '''Subansiri River''' ({{zh|t=西巴霞曲|p=xībā xiá qǔ}}) is a trans-[[Himalayas|Himalayan]] river and a [[tributary]] of the [[Brahmaputra River]] that flows through Tibet's [[Lhünzê County]], [[Shannan Prefecture]] and the Indian states of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Assam]]. The Subansiri is {{convert|442|km|mi}} long, with a drainage basin {{convert|32640|km2|sqmi}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rao|first=K.L.|title=India's Water Wealth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZNrXuA2y3MC&pg=PA78|access-date=1 May 2011|year=1979|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0704-3|page=78}}</ref> It is the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra contributing 7.92% of the Brahmaputra's total flow.<ref name="SinghSharma2004">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Vijay P.|last2=Sharma|first2=Nayan|last3=Ojha|first3=C. Shekhar P.|title=The Brahmaputra basin water resources|url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-94-017-0540-0|access-date=1 May 2011|year=2004|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-1737-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-94-017-0540-0/page/n94 82]}}</ref>

== Name ==
[[File:North-East Frontier in 1954 Political Map of India.jpg|thumb|right|250px|1954 map of the [[North-East Frontier Agency]]]]
The name is derived from a Sanskrit word '<nowiki/>''swarn''' meaning gold.{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}}

Originally the name applied to the river only after the confluence of the Chayul Chu and Tsari Chu rivers at [[Gelensiniak]].{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}} In early maps of independent India, Tsari Chu was marked as the main Subansiri river. However, over time, the name has been transferred to Chayul Chu. Within Tibet, the rivers are named after the locations they flow from such as Loro Chu, Nye Chu, Char Chu and Chayul Chu, all of which apply to the Subansirir or its tributaries.

== Course ==
The Subansiri River originates in the [[Himalayas]] near Mount Porom in the [[Tibet ]].{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}}

It enters India near the town of [[Taksing]] and flows east and southeast through [[Hill Miri people|Miri]] Hills,{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}} then south to the [[Assam valley|Assam]] Valley at Dulangmukh in [[Dhemaji district]],<ref>{{Citation|last1=Barman|first1=Swapnali|title=Future flow scenario of Subansiri River and its Impact on Power Potential of Subansiri Lower Hydro Electric Project|date=February 2020|url=https://www.iitr.ac.in/rwc2020/pdf/papers/RWC_75_Barman_S.pdf|publisher=IIT Roorkee and NIH Roorkee|last2=Bhattacharya|first2=R.K.|last3=Sharma|first3=S.K.|last4=Tirkey|first4=G.}}</ref> where it joins the Brahmaputra River at Jamurighat in [[Lakhimpur district]]. Small tributaries of the Subansiri include [[Ranganadi River|Rangandi]], [[Dikrong River|Dikrong]] and [[Kamala River|Kamala]].{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}}

The Subansiri lends its name to two districts in Arunachal Pradesh: [[Upper Subansiri district|Upper Subansiri]] and [[Lower Subansiri district|Lower Subansiri.]]

The observed discharge of Subansiri is a maximum of {{convert|18799|m3/s|cuft/s}}, and minimum of {{convert|131|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}. It contributes 7.92% of the Brahmaputra's total flow.<ref name="SinghSharma2004" />

== Tsari Chu ==
[[File:Tsari Chu.jpg|left|thumb|Tsari Chu marked in cyan]]
'''Tsari Chu''' ({{zh|t=洛河|p=Luò hé}}, lit. "Lo River"; '''Gelen Bung''' for the Assam Himalayan tribes) rises near the village of [[Chosam]] in Tibet and flows east for about 25 miles till the town of [[Migyitun]], where it turns south. It merges with the Subansiri at [[Gelensiniak]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kapadia|first=Harish|author-link=Harish Kapadia|date=2006|title=Secrets of Subansiri: Himalayan Journal vol.62/7|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/62/7/secrets-of-subansiri/|access-date=2021-01-23|website=[[Himalayan Journal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhat|first=Col Vinayak|date=2018-06-22|title=Despite Modi-Xi bonhomie, China moves into Arunachal Pradesh, builds new road and barracks|url=https://theprint.in/defence/south-china-sea-to-the-himalayas-chinas-salami-slicing-now-reaches-arunachal/73316/|access-date=2021-01-23|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> The district of Tsari, consisting of the Tsari Chu valley and its vicinity, is considered holy ground by the Tibetans. No animals are killed and no food is grown in these areas, with the exception of Migyitun.<ref>{{citation |first=F. M. |last=Bailey |title=Report on an Exploration on the North-East Frontier, 1913 |publisher=Government Monotype Press |location=Simla |year=1914 |url=https://archive.org/details/ExplorationOnTheNorthEastFrontier1913 |via=archive.org |page=10}}</ref>
The holiness comes from the [[Dakpa Sheri]] mountian peak at the centre of the Tsari district, considered the home of the Buddhist Tantric deity Demchok ([[Chakrasamvara]]) and his consort Dorje Phagmo ([[Vajravārāhī]]). The pious Tibetans used to carry out a wide circumabulation (called ''rongkor'' or "ravine circuit") around the mountain once every 12 years, during the monkey year. They traversed the valley of the Tsari Chu river until its junction with Subansiri, and returned via the Subansiri and Yume Chu valleys.{{sfn|Krishnatray|2005|pp=2–3}} The last such circumambulation took place in 1956, after which the [[Sino-Indian border dispute|Sino-Indian border conflict]] has put an end to the practice.

{{clear}}

== History ==
The [[1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake]] caused landslides blocking the flow of Subansiri at Gerukamukh. After three days the blockade broke causing a massive flash flood. Over the years flooding of the river has caused loss to livelihood and life.{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=530}}

==Lower Subansiri Dam==
The [[Lower Subansiri Dam]] or The Lower Subansiri Hydro-Electric Project is an under construction dam [[gravity dam]] on the river.<ref>http://www.nhpcindia.com/Projects/english/Scripts/Prj_Introduction.aspx?Vid=23</ref> The dam is seen as a problem and many organisations are protesting against it.<ref>http://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/component/content/article/60-2010/august/1103-anti-mega-dam-protests-vs-hydro-dollar-dream</ref> ''The River'' is a fiction book based on the issue and displays the issue as viewed by common Assamese people through its imaginary dolphins, fishes, and human characters.<ref>http://www.bubok.com/books/205665/THE-RIVER</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of rivers of Assam]]
* [[Lower Subansiri Dam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Goyal |first1=Manish |last2=Gupta |first2=Shivam |last3=Sarma |first3=Arup |last4=Singh |first4=Dhruv |chapter=Subansiri: Largest Tributary of Brahmaputra River, Northeast India. |editor=Dhruv Sen Singh |title=The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=9789811029844 |pages=523–535 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ridFDwAAQBAJ |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-2984-4 |s2cid=187246753 |lccn=2017940312}}
* {{citation |last=Krishnatry |first=S. M. |title=Border Tagins of Arunachal Pradesh: Unarmed Expedition 1956 |publisher=National Book Trust |year=2005 |ISBN=978-81-237-4460-5 |url=http://pahar.in/?wpfb_dl=19901}}

== External links ==
* [https://sandrp.in/2013/09/25/subansiri-basin-study-another-chapter-of-environment-subversion-in-northeast/ Subansiri Basin Study – Another Chapter of Environment Subversion in Northeast], South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, 25 September 2013.

{{China Rivers}}
{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{India Rivers}}

[[Category:Rivers of Assam]]
[[Category:Rivers of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]

Subansiri River - Revision history

AarohamResort at 03:46, 30 August 2025

223.178.210.177: /* Course */