Stridhana - Revision history

VirginiaOxenham: adjusted article per sources

2025-12-20T08:10:46Z

adjusted article per sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:40, 20 December 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{~~refimprove~~\|date=July 2018}}		{{Short description\|Concept in Hindu law}}
	'''Stridhana''' is a term associated with property in [[Hindu ~~Law~~]]. Whether property is stridhan, or a woman’s estate, depends on the source from which it has been obtained. A woman has inalienable rights over stridhan, and she can claim the same even after separation from her husband.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite web \|title=Women can claim stridhan even after separation from husband \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Womencan-claim-stridhan-even-after-separation-from-husband-Supreme-Court/articleshow/49872639.cms \|website=www.timesofindia.com \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>		{{more citations needed\|date=July 2018}}
	== Characteristics of ~~Stridhana~~ ==		'''Stridhana''' is a term associated with property in [[Hindu law]]. Whether property is stridhan, or a woman’s estate, depends on the source from which it has been obtained. A woman has inalienable rights over stridhan, and she can claim the same even after separation from her husband.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite web \|title=Women can claim stridhan even after separation from husband \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Womencan-claim-stridhan-even-after-separation-from-husband-Supreme-Court/articleshow/49872639.cms \|website=www.timesofindia.com \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>
	=== Under [[Hinduism\|Hindu]] ~~Law~~ ===
	Properties acquired from the following sources by a [[Hindus\|Hindu]] female constitute sridhan.<ref name="498a.org">{{cite web \|last1=Sirothiya \|first1=Vibha \|title=Stridhan And Womans’ Estate Under Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act 1956 \|url=http://www.498a.org/contents/general/streedhan.pdf \|website=www.498a.org \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="shareyouressays">{{cite web \|title=What are the Salient Features of ~~“Stridhan”~~? – Hindu Law \|url=http://www.shareyouressays.com/knowledge/what-are-the-salient-features-of-stridhan-hindu-law/117922 \|website=www.shareyouressays.com \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>		== Characteristics of stridhana ==

			=== Under [[Hinduism\|Hindu]] law ===
			Properties acquired from the following sources by a [[Hindus\|Hindu]] female constitute sridhan.<ref name="498a.org">{{cite web \|last1=Sirothiya \|first1=Vibha \|title=Stridhan And Womans’ Estate Under Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act 1956 \|url=http://www.498a.org/contents/general/streedhan.pdf \|website=www.498a.org \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="shareyouressays">{{cite web \|title=What are the Salient Features of "Stridhan"? – Hindu Law \|url=http://www.shareyouressays.com/knowledge/what-are-the-salient-features-of-stridhan-hindu-law/117922 \|website=www.shareyouressays.com \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>
	* Gifts and bequests received from relations (The [[Dāyabhāga]] School however doesn’t recognize gifts of immovable property by her husband as stridhan)		* Gifts and bequests received from relations (The [[Dāyabhāga]] School however doesn’t recognize gifts of immovable property by her husband as stridhan)

	*Gifts and bequests from non-relations/strangers		*Gifts and bequests from non-relations/strangers
			*Property acquired by self exertion, science and arts. (A woman may acquire property at any stage of her life by her own self exertion, such as by manual labor, employment, or by singing, dancing etc., or by any mechanical art. According to all schools of Hindu law, the property thus acquired during widowhood or maidenhood is her stridhan. The property thus acquired during [[coverture]] also constitutes her stridhan according to all schools other than the Mithila and Bengal Schools. During her husband’s lifetime, however, it is subject to his control.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2021}}<!-- Fact check? -->)
	*Property acquired by self exertion, science and arts. (A woman may acquire property at any stage of her life by her own self exertion, such as by manual labor, employment, or by singing, dancing etc., or by any mechanical art. According to all schools of Hindu ~~Law~~, the property thus acquired during widowhood or maidenhood is her stridhan. The property thus acquired during [[coverture]] also constitutes her stridhan according to all schools other than the Mithila and Bengal Schools. During her husband’s lifetime, however, it is subject to his control.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2021}}<!-- Fact check? -->)

	* Property purchased with the income of stridhan.		* Property purchased with the income of stridhan.

	*Property purchased under a compromise.		*Property purchased under a compromise.

	*Property obtained by adverse possession.		*Property obtained by adverse possession.

	*Property obtained in lieu of maintenance.		*Property obtained in lieu of maintenance.

	*Property received in inheritance.		*Property received in inheritance.

	*Property obtained on partition.		*Property obtained on partition.

	=== Under [[Vedas\|Vedic]] culture ===		=== Under [[Vedas\|Vedic]] culture ===
	Stridhana, as defined by [[Yajnavalkya]] is:<ref>Mr. Mahendra Kumar Das, ''The Hindu Succession Act 1956: 2016 ed.(OLR), 5-6.</ref><ref name="shodhaganga">{{cite web \|title=EVOLUTION OF STRIDHANA \|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34319/9/09_chapter%202.pdf \|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>		Stridhana, as defined by [[Yajnavalkya]] is:<ref>Mr. Mahendra Kumar Das, ''The Hindu Succession Act 1956'': 2016 ed.(OLR), 5-6.</ref><ref name="shodhaganga">{{cite web \|title=EVOLUTION OF STRIDHANA \|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34319/9/09_chapter%202.pdf \|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>

	* Wealth received by the woman from her father, mother, husband or brother out of love and affection.		* Wealth received by the woman from her father, mother, husband or brother out of love and affection.
Line 32:		Line 27:
	* Wealth given to the newly wedded bride at the time of her departure from her father's house.		* Wealth given to the newly wedded bride at the time of her departure from her father's house.
	* Wealth received by the bride in her matrimonial house after the marriage.		* Wealth received by the bride in her matrimonial house after the marriage.
	* Wealth given to the new daughter-in-law by the father-in law or mother-in-law out of love and affection.		* Wealth given to the new daughter-in-law by the father-in-law or mother-in-law out of love and affection.
	* Wealth received by a married or unmarried daughter in her parental house from her brother or parent.		* Wealth received by a married or unmarried daughter in her parental house from her brother or parent.

	Manu has prescribed six kinds of stridhana to the minimum extent. According to [[Manusmriti]], after the death of an issueless woman, her relatives are entitled to get her stridhan. If the marriage has been performed in the form of [[~~Hindu_wedding~~#~~Eight_forms_of_marriage~~\|'''Brahma''', '''Daiva''', '''Gandharba''' or '''Prajapatya''']], the husband of the deceased issueless woman is entitled to get the stridhan, however, in case of [[~~Hindu_wedding~~#~~Eight_forms_of_marriage~~\|'''Asura''', '''Rakhyasa''' and '''Paisacha''']] form of marriage, the stridhan of an issueless, deceased woman is taken by her father or mother.		Manu has prescribed six kinds of stridhana to the minimum extent. According to [[Manusmriti]], after the death of an issueless woman, her relatives are entitled to get her stridhan. If the marriage has been performed in the form of [[Hindu wedding#Eight forms of marriage\|'''Brahma''', '''Daiva''', '''Gandharba''' or '''Prajapatya''']], the husband of the deceased issueless woman is entitled to get the stridhan, however, in case of [[Hindu wedding#Eight forms of marriage\|'''Asura''', '''Rakhyasa''' and '''Paisacha''']] form of marriage, the stridhan of an issueless, deceased woman is taken by her father or mother.

	== Hindu Succession Act ==		== Hindu Succession Act ==
Line 42:		Line 37:
	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}


	[[Category:Indian family law]]		[[Category:Indian family law]]
	[[Category:Women's rights in India]]		[[Category:Women's rights in India]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2021-10-19T04:00:17Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

imported>Discospinster: Reverted edits by Mn97267 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)

2021-08-14T17:20:32Z

Reverted edits by Mn97267 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)

New page

{{Copy edit|date=August 2021}}
{{refimprove|date=July 2018}}
'''Stridhana''' is a term associated with property in [[Hindu Law]]. Whether property is stridhan, or a woman’s estate, depends on the source from which it has been obtained. A woman has inalienable rights over stridhan, and she can claim the same even after her separation from her husband.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite web |title=Women can claim stridhan even after separation from husband |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Womencan-claim-stridhan-even-after-separation-from-husband-Supreme-Court/articleshow/49872639.cms |website=www.timesofindia.com |accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>
== Characteristics of Stridhana ==
=== Under [[Hinduism|Hindu]] Law ===
Properties acquired from the following sources by a female [[Hindus|Hindu]] constitute sridhan.<ref name="498a.org">{{cite web |last1=Sirothiya |first1=Vibha |title=Stridhan And Womans’ Estate Under Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act 1956 |url=http://www.498a.org/contents/general/streedhan.pdf |website=www.498a.org |accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="shareyouressays">{{cite web |title=What are the Salient Features of “Stridhan”? – Hindu Law |url=http://www.shareyouressays.com/knowledge/what-are-the-salient-features-of-stridhan-hindu-law/117922 |website=www.shareyouressays.com |accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>
* Gifts and bequests received from relations (The [[Dāyabhāga]] School, however, doesn’t recognize gifts of immovable property by her husband as stridhan.)

*Gifts and bequests from non-relations/strangers.

*Property acquired by self exertion, science and arts. (A woman may acquire property at any stage of her life by her own self exertion, such as by manual labor, employment, or by singing, dancing etc., or by any mechanical art. According to all schools of Hindu Law, the property thus acquired during widowhood or maidenhood is her stridhan. The property thus acquired during [[coverture]] also constitutes her stridhan according to all schools other than the Mithila and Bengal Schools. During her husband’s lifetime, however, it is subject to his control.)

* Property purchased with the income of stridhan.

*Property purchased under a compromise.

*Property obtained by adverse possession.

*Property obtained in lieu of maintenance.

*Property received in inheritance.

*Property obtained on partition.

=== Under [[Vedas|Vedic]] culture ===
Stridhana, as defined by [[Yajnavalkya]] is:<ref>Mr. Mahendra Kumar Das, ''The Hindu Succession Act 1956: 2016 ed.(OLR), 5-6.</ref><ref name="shodhaganga">{{cite web |title=EVOLUTION OF STRIDHANA |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34319/9/09_chapter%202.pdf |website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in |accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>

* Wealth received by the women from her father, mother, husband or brother out of love and affection.
* Wealth given to the bride by her maternal uncle and relative etc. at the time of marriage in presence of [https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/adhyagni nuptial fire].
* Wealth that is given by the husband at the time of second marriage to satisfy his previous wife.
* Wealth given to the bride by the cousins and relatives of her parents.
* Wealth given to the bride from the side of bride-groom prior to marriage towards duty.
* Wealth given to the newly wedded bride at the time of her departure from her father's house.
* Wealth received by the bride in her matrimonial house after the marriage.
* Wealth given to the new daughter-in-law by the father-in law or mother-in-law out of love and affection.
* Wealth received by a married or unmarried daughter in her parental house from her brother or parent.

Manu has prescribed six kinds of stridhana to the minimum extent. According to [[Manusmriti]], after the death of an issueless woman, her relatives are entitled to get her stridhan. If the marriage has been performed in the form of [[Hindu_wedding#Eight_forms_of_marriage|'''Brahma''', '''Daiva''', '''Gandharba''' or '''Prajapatya''']], the husband of the deceased issueless woman is entitled to get the stridhan, however, in case of [[Hindu_wedding#Eight_forms_of_marriage|'''Asura''', '''Rakhyasa''' and '''Paisacha''']] form of marriage, the stridhan of an issueless, deceased woman is taken by her father or mother.

== Hindu Succession Act ==
The [[Hindu Succession Act]] (Act No. 30 of 1956) resulted in many changes being made to both the ''[[Mitākṣarā]]'' and the ''[[Dāyabhāga]]'' systems regarding succession and partition.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vaman.|first=Kane, Pandurang|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/174798384|title=History of Dharmaśāstra|date=1975|oclc=174798384}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian family law]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 19 October 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{Copy edit\|date=August 2021}}~~
	{{refimprove\|date=July 2018}}		{{refimprove\|date=July 2018}}
	'''Stridhana''' is a term associated with property in [[Hindu Law]]. Whether property is stridhan, or a woman’s estate, depends on the source from which it has been obtained. A woman has inalienable rights over stridhan, and she can claim the same even after ~~her~~ separation from her husband.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite web \|title=Women can claim stridhan even after separation from husband \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Womencan-claim-stridhan-even-after-separation-from-husband-Supreme-Court/articleshow/49872639.cms \|website=www.timesofindia.com \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>		'''Stridhana''' is a term associated with property in [[Hindu Law]]. Whether property is stridhan, or a woman’s estate, depends on the source from which it has been obtained. A woman has inalienable rights over stridhan, and she can claim the same even after separation from her husband.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite web \|title=Women can claim stridhan even after separation from husband \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Womencan-claim-stridhan-even-after-separation-from-husband-Supreme-Court/articleshow/49872639.cms \|website=www.timesofindia.com \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>
	== Characteristics of Stridhana ==		== Characteristics of Stridhana ==
	=== Under [[Hinduism\|Hindu]] Law ===		=== Under [[Hinduism\|Hindu]] Law ===
	Properties acquired from the following sources by a ~~female~~ [[Hindus\|Hindu]] constitute sridhan.<ref name="498a.org">{{cite web \|last1=Sirothiya \|first1=Vibha \|title=Stridhan And Womans’ Estate Under Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act 1956 \|url=http://www.498a.org/contents/general/streedhan.pdf \|website=www.498a.org \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="shareyouressays">{{cite web \|title=What are the Salient Features of “Stridhan”? – Hindu Law \|url=http://www.shareyouressays.com/knowledge/what-are-the-salient-features-of-stridhan-hindu-law/117922 \|website=www.shareyouressays.com \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>		Properties acquired from the following sources by a [[Hindus\|Hindu]] female constitute sridhan.<ref name="498a.org">{{cite web \|last1=Sirothiya \|first1=Vibha \|title=Stridhan And Womans’ Estate Under Section 14 of Hindu Succession Act 1956 \|url=http://www.498a.org/contents/general/streedhan.pdf \|website=www.498a.org \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="shareyouressays">{{cite web \|title=What are the Salient Features of “Stridhan”? – Hindu Law \|url=http://www.shareyouressays.com/knowledge/what-are-the-salient-features-of-stridhan-hindu-law/117922 \|website=www.shareyouressays.com \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>
	* Gifts and bequests received from relations (The [[Dāyabhāga]] School, however, doesn’t recognize gifts of immovable property by her husband as stridhan.)		* Gifts and bequests received from relations (The [[Dāyabhāga]] School however doesn’t recognize gifts of immovable property by her husband as stridhan)

	*Gifts and bequests from non-relations/strangers.		*Gifts and bequests from non-relations/strangers

	*Property acquired by self exertion, science and arts. (A woman may acquire property at any stage of her life by her own self exertion, such as by manual labor, employment, or by singing, dancing etc., or by any mechanical art. According to all schools of Hindu Law, the property thus acquired during widowhood or maidenhood is her stridhan. The property thus acquired during [[coverture]] also constitutes her stridhan according to all schools other than the Mithila and Bengal Schools. During her husband’s lifetime, however, it is subject to his control.<!-- Fact check? -->)		*Property acquired by self exertion, science and arts. (A woman may acquire property at any stage of her life by her own self exertion, such as by manual labor, employment, or by singing, dancing etc., or by any mechanical art. According to all schools of Hindu Law, the property thus acquired during widowhood or maidenhood is her stridhan. The property thus acquired during [[coverture]] also constitutes her stridhan according to all schools other than the Mithila and Bengal Schools. During her husband’s lifetime, however, it is subject to his control.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2021}}<!-- Fact check? -->)

	* Property purchased with the income of stridhan.		* Property purchased with the income of stridhan.
Line 26:		Line 25:
	Stridhana, as defined by [[Yajnavalkya]] is:<ref>Mr. Mahendra Kumar Das, ''The Hindu Succession Act 1956: 2016 ed.(OLR), 5-6.</ref><ref name="shodhaganga">{{cite web \|title=EVOLUTION OF STRIDHANA \|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34319/9/09_chapter%202.pdf \|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>		Stridhana, as defined by [[Yajnavalkya]] is:<ref>Mr. Mahendra Kumar Das, ''The Hindu Succession Act 1956: 2016 ed.(OLR), 5-6.</ref><ref name="shodhaganga">{{cite web \|title=EVOLUTION OF STRIDHANA \|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34319/9/09_chapter%202.pdf \|website=www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in \|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref>

	* Wealth received by the ~~women~~ from her father, mother, husband or brother out of love and affection.		* Wealth received by the woman from her father, mother, husband or brother out of love and affection.
	* Wealth given to the bride by her maternal uncle and relative etc. at the time of marriage in presence of [https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/adhyagni nuptial fire].		* Wealth given to the bride by her maternal uncle and relative etc. at the time of marriage in presence of [https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/adhyagni nuptial fire].
	* Wealth that is given by the husband at the time of second marriage to satisfy his previous wife.		* Wealth that is given by the husband at the time of second marriage to satisfy his previous wife.
	* Wealth given to the bride by the cousins and relatives of her parents.		* Wealth given to the bride by the cousins and relatives of her parents.
	* Wealth given to the bride from the side of bride-groom prior to marriage towards duty.		* Wealth given to the bride from the side of the bride-groom prior to marriage towards duty.
	* Wealth given to the newly wedded bride at the time of her departure from her father's house.		* Wealth given to the newly wedded bride at the time of her departure from her father's house.
	* Wealth received by the bride in her matrimonial house after the marriage.		* Wealth received by the bride in her matrimonial house after the marriage.