Stretched Rohini Satellite Series - Revision history

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	The '''Stretched Rohini Satellite Series''' (SROSS) are a series of satellites developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] as follow ons to the [[Rohini (satellite)\|Rohini Satellites]]<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov">{{cite web \|url=http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2009-07-19 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411021025/http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html \|archive-date=2009-04-11 }}</ref> for conducting astrophysics, Earth [[Remote Sensing]], and upper atmospheric monitoring experiments as well as for new and novel application-oriented missions.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/sross.html\|title=SROSS}}</ref> These satellites were the payload of the developmental flights of the [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]].<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/>		The '''Stretched Rohini Satellite Series''' (SROSS) are a series of satellites developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] as follow ons to the [[Rohini (satellite)\|Rohini Satellites]]<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov">{{cite web \|url=http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2009-07-19 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411021025/http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html \|archive-date=2009-04-11 }}</ref> for conducting astrophysics, Earth [[Remote Sensing]], and upper atmospheric monitoring experiments as well as for new and novel application-oriented missions.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/sross.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228041748/http://astronautix.com/s/sross.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=December 28, 2016\|title=SROSS}}</ref> These satellites were the payload of the developmental flights of the [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]].<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/>

	== Satellites in series ==		== Satellites in series ==

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← Older revision		Revision as of 18:43, 5 October 2021
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	The '''Stretched Rohini Satellite Series''' (SROSS) are a series of satellites developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] as follow ons to the [[Rohini (satellite)\|Rohini Satellites]]<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov">{{cite web \|url=http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2009-07-19 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411021025/http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html \|archive-date=2009-04-11 }}</ref> for conducting astrophysics, Earth [[Remote Sensing]], and upper atmospheric monitoring experiments as well as for new and novel application-oriented missions.<ref>http://www.astronautix.com/s/sross.html</ref> These satellites were the payload of the developmental flights of the [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]].<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/>		The '''Stretched Rohini Satellite Series''' (SROSS) are a series of satellites developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] as follow ons to the [[Rohini (satellite)\|Rohini Satellites]]<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov">{{cite web \|url=http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2009-07-19 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411021025/http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html \|archive-date=2009-04-11 }}</ref> for conducting astrophysics, Earth [[Remote Sensing]], and upper atmospheric monitoring experiments as well as for new and novel application-oriented missions.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/sross.html\|title=SROSS}}</ref> These satellites were the payload of the developmental flights of the [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]].<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/>

	== Satellites in series ==		== Satellites in series ==
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	=== SROSS C ===		=== SROSS C ===
	The third, SROSS 3 (also known as SROSS C), attained a lower-than-planned orbit on 20 May 1992. The GRB monitored celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range 20–3000 keV. SROSS C and C2 carried a gamma-ray burst (GRB) experiment and a Retarded Potential Analyzer (RPA) experiment. The GRB experiment operated from 25 May 1992 until reentry on 14 July 1992. The instrument consisted of a main and a redundant CsI(Na) scintillator operating in the energy range 20–3000 keV. The crystals were 76 mm (main) and 37 mm (redundant) in diameter. Each had a thickness of 12.5 mm. A 'burst mode' was triggered by the 100–1024 keV count rate exceeding a preset limit during a 256 or 1024 ms time integration. In this mode, 65 s of temporal and 2 s of spectral data prior to the trigger are stored, as well as the subsequent 16 s of spectral data and 204 s of temporal data. The low resolution data consists of two energy channels (20–100 keV and 100–1024 keV) from 65 s before the trigger to 204 s after the trigger in 256 ms integrations. The 20–1024 keV rates are also recorded with a 2 ms resolution for 1 s prior to 1 s after trigger and a 16 ms resolution for 1s prior to 8 s after the trigger. Energy spectra are conducted with a 124 channel PHA. Four pre-trigger spectra and 32 post-trigger spectra are recorded for every burst with a 512 ms integration time.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov">http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/sross3.html</ref> The RPA measured temperature, density and characteristics of electrons in the Earth's ionosphere.<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/> The GRB experiment computer system used the [[RCA 1802\|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_069_09_0732_0739_0.pdf\|title=Cosmic gamma ray bursts - Recent developments and observations from SROSS satellites\|date=10 Nov 1995\|website=Current Science Research Journal}}</ref>		The third, SROSS 3 (also known as SROSS C), attained a lower-than-planned orbit on 20 May 1992. The GRB monitored celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range 20–3000 keV. SROSS C and C2 carried a gamma-ray burst (GRB) experiment and a Retarded Potential Analyzer (RPA) experiment. The GRB experiment operated from 25 May 1992 until reentry on 14 July 1992. The instrument consisted of a main and a redundant CsI(Na) scintillator operating in the energy range 20–3000 keV. The crystals were 76 mm (main) and 37 mm (redundant) in diameter. Each had a thickness of 12.5 mm. A 'burst mode' was triggered by the 100–1024 keV count rate exceeding a preset limit during a 256 or 1024 ms time integration. In this mode, 65 s of temporal and 2 s of spectral data prior to the trigger are stored, as well as the subsequent 16 s of spectral data and 204 s of temporal data. The low resolution data consists of two energy channels (20–100 keV and 100–1024 keV) from 65 s before the trigger to 204 s after the trigger in 256 ms integrations. The 20–1024 keV rates are also recorded with a 2 ms resolution for 1 s prior to 1 s after trigger and a 16 ms resolution for 1s prior to 8 s after the trigger. Energy spectra are conducted with a 124 channel PHA. Four pre-trigger spectra and 32 post-trigger spectra are recorded for every burst with a 512 ms integration time.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov">{{Cite web\|url=http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/sross3.html\|title = Stretched Rohini Satellite Series 3 & C2}}</ref> The RPA measured temperature, density and characteristics of electrons in the Earth's ionosphere.<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/> The GRB experiment computer system used the [[RCA 1802\|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_069_09_0732_0739_0.pdf\|title=Cosmic gamma ray bursts - Recent developments and observations from SROSS satellites\|date=10 Nov 1995\|website=Current Science Research Journal}}</ref>

	=== SROSS C2 ===		=== SROSS C2 ===
	SROSS-C2 was launched on 4 May 1994. The [[gamma ray]] burst experiments on board SROSS-C2 are an improved version of the GRB payload flown successfully on the SROSS-C satellite. The improvements include enhancements of the on-board memory and a better measurement of the background spectra after a burst event. These improvements led to the discovery of twelve candidate events detected up to 15 February 1995, out of a total of 993 triggers.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov"/> The SROSS-C2 spacecraft is one of the satellites included in the [[InterPlanetary Network\|Interplanetary Network]]<ref>http://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/</ref> The SROSS C2 satellite also used an [[RCA 1802\|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor for the GRB experiment.<ref>{{Cite ~~web~~\|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1997A%26A...322..778K/0000780.000.html\|title=Recent gamma-ray burst observations from the SROSS-C2 satellite\|date=7 Aug 1995\|website=The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}}</ref>		SROSS-C2 was launched on 4 May 1994. The [[gamma ray]] burst experiments on board SROSS-C2 are an improved version of the GRB payload flown successfully on the SROSS-C satellite. The improvements include enhancements of the on-board memory and a better measurement of the background spectra after a burst event. These improvements led to the discovery of twelve candidate events detected up to 15 February 1995, out of a total of 993 triggers.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov"/> The SROSS-C2 spacecraft is one of the satellites included in the [[InterPlanetary Network\|Interplanetary Network]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/\|title=IPN3 Home Page}}</ref> The SROSS C2 satellite also used an [[RCA 1802\|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor for the GRB experiment.<ref>{{Cite journal\|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1997A%26A...322..778K/0000780.000.html\|title=Recent gamma-ray burst observations from the SROSS-C2 satellite\|date=7 Aug 1995\|website=The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System\|bibcode=1997A&A...322..778K}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

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{{Infobox spacecraft class
| image =
| caption =

| name = Stretched Rohini Satellite Series
| manufacturer = [[ISRO]]
| country = [[India]]
| applications = [[Gamma ray astronomy]]
| orbits = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| operator = [[ISRO]]
| lifetime = 2 years
| derivedfrom = [[Rohini (satellite)|Rohini]]

| status = Retired
| built = 4
| launched = 4
| retired = 1
| lost = 3
| first = [[SROSS-A]] 24 March 1987
| last = [[SROSS-C2]] 4 May 1994
| lastretired =

|autoconvert = off
| mass = {{convert|106|-|150|kg|lb}}
| power = ~100 watts
| batteries = Ni-Cd
| equipment = Gamma-Ray Burst Retarded Potential Analyser{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

| dimensions =
| x_axis =
| y_axis =
| z_axis =
}}

The '''Stretched Rohini Satellite Series''' (SROSS) are a series of satellites developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] as follow ons to the [[Rohini (satellite)|Rohini Satellites]]<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov">{{cite web |url=http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-07-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411021025/http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/srossQL.html |archive-date=2009-04-11 }}</ref> for conducting astrophysics, Earth [[Remote Sensing]], and upper atmospheric monitoring experiments as well as for new and novel application-oriented missions.<ref>http://www.astronautix.com/s/sross.html</ref> These satellites were the payload of the developmental flights of the [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]].<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/>

== Satellites in series ==

=== SROSS A And SROSS B ===
The first two satellites in the series did not make it into orbit due to launch vehicle failure. SROSS-A carried two retro-reflectors for laser tracking.<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/> SROSS-B carried two instruments; a [[West Germany|West German]] Monocular Electro Optical Stereo Scanner (MEOSS) and ISRO's 20-3000keV Gamma-ray Burst Experiment (GRB).<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/>

=== SROSS C ===
The third, SROSS 3 (also known as SROSS C), attained a lower-than-planned orbit on 20 May 1992. The GRB monitored celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range 20–3000 keV. SROSS C and C2 carried a gamma-ray burst (GRB) experiment and a Retarded Potential Analyzer (RPA) experiment. The GRB experiment operated from 25 May 1992 until reentry on 14 July 1992. The instrument consisted of a main and a redundant CsI(Na) scintillator operating in the energy range 20–3000 keV. The crystals were 76 mm (main) and 37 mm (redundant) in diameter. Each had a thickness of 12.5 mm. A 'burst mode' was triggered by the 100–1024 keV count rate exceeding a preset limit during a 256 or 1024 ms time integration. In this mode, 65 s of temporal and 2 s of spectral data prior to the trigger are stored, as well as the subsequent 16 s of spectral data and 204 s of temporal data. The low resolution data consists of two energy channels (20–100 keV and 100–1024 keV) from 65 s before the trigger to 204 s after the trigger in 256 ms integrations. The 20–1024 keV rates are also recorded with a 2 ms resolution for 1 s prior to 1 s after trigger and a 16 ms resolution for 1s prior to 8 s after the trigger. Energy spectra are conducted with a 124 channel PHA. Four pre-trigger spectra and 32 post-trigger spectra are recorded for every burst with a 512 ms integration time.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov">http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/sross3.html</ref> The RPA measured temperature, density and characteristics of electrons in the Earth's ionosphere.<ref name="msl.jpl.nasa.gov"/> The GRB experiment computer system used the [[RCA 1802|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_069_09_0732_0739_0.pdf|title=Cosmic gamma ray bursts - Recent developments and observations from SROSS satellites|date=10 Nov 1995|website=Current Science Research Journal}}</ref>

=== SROSS C2 ===
SROSS-C2 was launched on 4 May 1994. The [[gamma ray]] burst experiments on board SROSS-C2 are an improved version of the GRB payload flown successfully on the SROSS-C satellite. The improvements include enhancements of the on-board memory and a better measurement of the background spectra after a burst event. These improvements led to the discovery of twelve candidate events detected up to 15 February 1995, out of a total of 993 triggers.<ref name="heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov"/> The SROSS-C2 spacecraft is one of the satellites included in the [[InterPlanetary Network|Interplanetary Network]]<ref>http://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/</ref> The SROSS C2 satellite also used an [[RCA 1802|RCA CDP1802]] microprocessor for the GRB experiment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1997A%26A...322..778K/0000780.000.html|title=Recent gamma-ray burst observations from the SROSS-C2 satellite|date=7 Aug 1995|website=The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian satellites]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian space programme}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}

[[Category:Human spaceflight programs]]
[[Category:Satellites of India]]