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{{short description|1971 film by Zahir Raihan}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Stop Genocide<br />
| director = [[Zahir Raihan]]<br />
| producer = {{ubl|Bangladesh Chalachitra Shilpi-O-Kushali Swahayak Samity}}<br />
| narrator = [[Alamgir Kabir (film maker)|Alamgir Kabir]]<br />
| editing = Debabrata Sen Gupta<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1971}}<br />
| runtime = 20 minutes<br />
| country = [[Bangladesh]]<br />
}}<br />
'''''Stop Genocide''''' is a 1971 [[documentary film]] by [[Bangladesh]]i filmmaker [[Zahir Raihan]].<ref>{{cite news | title = The making of Stop Genocide and disappearance of Zahir Raihan | date = 19 December 2008 | url = http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=67680 | work = The Daily Star | access-date = 15 November 2022}}</ref> It is a 20-minute film that documents the killings and atrocities carried out by the [[Pakistan Army]] on the people of the then [[East Pakistan]]. It also depicts the plight of the [[refugee]]s and the activities of the [[Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh|Government in exile]].<br />
<br />
Raihan made his debut in making of documentary films with ''Stop Genocide''.<ref>{{cite news | title = Celluloid celebrations for 1971 Liberation war anniversary | date = 12 December 2010 | url = http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/10dec13/national.htm#12 | work = Daily Excelsior | access-date = 15 November 2022}}</ref><br />
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Raihan started planning for this documentary around April–May in 1971 and soon started making it. Film director [[Alamgir Kabir (film maker)|Alamgir Kabir]] helped him. Filmed in June, it was produced in less than a month.<br />
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The similarity of this documentary with some of those by [[Cuba]]n filmmaker [[Santiago Álvarez (filmmaker)|Santiago Álvarez]] indicates Álvarez's influence over Zahir Raihan. Raihan adopted a new technique of film-making of using found [[video clip]]s and [[photograph]]s while he was working for this documentary. The film was created using whatever was found in [[newsreel]] clips and [[footage]].<ref name = sensesofcinema>{{cite news | first = James | last = Leahy | title = Films that Make a Difference… Santiago Alvarez and the Politics of Bengal: Ciclon | date = 12 December 2002 | url = http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2002/cteq/alvarez_ciclon/ | work = Senses of Cinema | access-date = 15 November 2022}}</ref> Raihan made this documentary with an aim to move world opinion against the brutal acts committed by the Pakistan Army.<ref name = stop_genocide>{{cite news | title = 'Stop Genocide' Depicting the actual massacre | date = 16 December 2004 | url = http://www.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2004/victory_day/vic11.htm | work = The Daily Star | access-date = 16 November 2022}}</ref><br />
Raihan was a Refugee staying in [[Kolkata]] when he made this film.<br />
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== Content summary ==<br />
The documentary starts by quoting [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] from ''[[The Right of Nations to Self-Determination]]''. A sketch of Lenin appears at the beginning and then a series of long and mid [[Shot (filmmaking)|shots]] delineate a peaceful country life. But soon gunshots and turbulence replaces the tranquility. The next few shots portray the plunder, fire, wreckage, and killings committed by the Pakistan Army. The preamble of the [[United Nations Charter]] is mentioned several times. A series of still photos create some of the [[Sequence (filmmaking)|sequences]] that show the bombing of the [[United States Air Force|US Air force]] in [[Vietnam]] and its [[Vietnam War casualties|aftermath]]. The Dateline shows [[Ho Chi Minh City|Saigon]] of 20 July. [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|Bomber B-52]] and a burnt Vietnamese child are seen. The focus switches from Saigon to [[Bangaon|Bongaon]], [[India]]. Processions of refugees make a few sequences. A picture of struggling, distressing life of homeless, helpless, frightened refugees follows. Some of the refugees are seen looking for shelter in refugee camps while not an inch of any camp can accommodate them. Next appears a series of long shots taken from pictures of raped women, destroyed buildings and heaps of dead bodies. Alternating appearances of [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]], pictures of [[Nazism|Nazis]], the massacre by Nazis, piles of dead bodies nearby [[List of prisoner-of-war camps in Germany|German prison camps]], refugee camps in India, heaps of dead bodies in the streets of [[Bangladesh]], fire, and wreckage in towns and villages make the next few scenes. Numerous corpses are seen in rivers, streets, paddy fields, under the trees and on green, long grass. Shot after shot illustrate the sufferings of refugees. An old woman talks to an inquirer. The camera focuses on a group of armed [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] returning from an operation. Soon they disappear in the woods. Camps of [[Mukti Bahini|freedom fighters]] and the camp commandant appear. The commandant gives an interview. He talks about the war, the reason behind the war, the moral strength and confidence they own. The documentary ends with the word STOP occupying full frame.<br />
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== Production ==<br />
The [[black-and-white]] documentary used [[35mm movie film|35 mm film]]. <br />
The narrative was in English and it was an opportunity to convey the message of the suffering of oppressed people of the newly born country of Bangladesh to the rest of the world.<ref name = sensesofcinema/><br />
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The documentary was produced by Bangladesh Chalachitra Shilpi-O-Kushali Swahayak Samity.<br />
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=== Crew ===<br />
* [[Zahir Raihan]]: [[Screenplay]] and direction.<br />
* Babul Chowdhury : Chief Assistant<br />
* Debabrata Sen Gupta : [[Film editing|Editing]]<br />
* Chitta Bardhan : Production<br />
* Arun Roy : Photography<br />
<br />
Commentary written and spoken by [[Alamgir Kabir (film maker)|Alamgir Kabir]].<br />
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== Financing ==<br />
The Department of Films and Publications of [[Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh|Mujibnagar Government]] did not consider the director's attempt to make a documentary on the ongoing [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Liberation War]] important at first. Later they agreed to finance the documentary.<ref name = stop_genocide/><br />
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With the help of a few cultural activists, Raihan managed to collect funds for the film from a national organization comprising Indian film directors.<br />
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==Film release and distributions ==<br />
The film was released in 1971.<br />
<br />
The [[Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh#Mujibnagar Cabinet|Mujibnagar Cabinet]], along with some other exiled politicians, witnessed the first screening of Stop Genocide at a secret place in India. The acting Prime Minister [[Tajuddin Ahmad]] appreciated the documentary. Moreover, moved by the film, the Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] directed her film division to buy the film and [[Film distributor|distribute]] it internationally.<ref name = sensesofcinema/><ref name = stop_genocide/><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
''Stop Genocide'' won an award in Tashkent film festival in 1972.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hayat |first=Anupam |year=2012 |chapter=Film Festival |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Film_Festival |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> It also won the SIDLOC award at the Delhi Film Festival in 1975.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.filmbirth.com/bangladesh.html | title = History of Cinema in BANGLADESH | access-date = 16 November 2011 | work = FILMBIRTH History of Cinema}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{YouTube|hauRsDJDm4Q|''Stop Genocide: Part 1''}}<br />
* {{YouTube|x33TT0M6BcY|''Stop Genocide: Part 2''}}<br />
* {{YouTube|vIMCOc_pOYw|''Stop Genocide: Part 3''}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1971 films]]<br />
[[Category:1971 documentary films]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language Bangladeshi films]]<br />
[[Category:Bangladeshi documentary films]]<br />
[[Category:1970s Bengali-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Documentary films about Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Documentary films alleging war crimes]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on the Bangladesh Liberation War]]<br />
[[Category:1970s short documentary films]]</div>Bot