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	[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]		[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
	[[Category:Jainism]]		[[Category:Jainism]]
	[[Category:~~Buddhism~~]]		[[Category:Buddhist philosophical concepts]]
	[[Category:Vaishnavism]]		[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
	[[Category:Vedas]]		[[Category:Vedas]]
	[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]		[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]

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{{Hinduism}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
A Sanskrit Dictionary<ref>{{cite web|title=Sanskrit Dictionary|publisher=Spokensanskrit.de|url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=+sthiti&trans=Translate&direction=AU }}</ref> gives more than eighty meanings of the [[Sanskrit]] word, '''Sthiti''' (स्थिति), but this word mainly refers to position, rank or dignity, staying, or permanence, permanent or continued existence in any place.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary|publisher=digital Dictionaries of Asia|url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/search3advanced?dbname=apte&query=sthiti&matchtype=exact&display=utf8 }}</ref>

==Vedic interpretation==

The single principle behind the universe is described by [[Atharvaveda]] in Mantra X.8.11 in the following words:

:यदेजति पतति यच्च तिष्ठति प्राणदप्राणन्निमिषच्च यद् भुवत् |
:तद् दाधार पृथिवीं विश्वरूपं तत् सं भूय भवत्येकमेव ||

as the one reality existing which possessing multifarious forms and qualities upholds this world that has resting on it whatever which desires to move or fly or stay stationary which breathes or does not breath, which sees and does not see.<ref>{{cite book|title=Atharva Veda Vol.2|publisher=Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha, Delhi|pages=309–310|url=http://www.aryasamajjamnagar.org/atharvaveda_v2/atharvaveda.htm}}</ref>

According to the [[Shatapatha Brahmana]], the word,'''Sthiti''', refers to maintenance, of the created world, the life-giver, duration of life of the maintenance of universal creation, and according to Sri [[Brahma Samhita]], it refers to preservation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sthiti|url=http://vedabase.net/s/sthiti|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507090539/http://vedabase.net/s/sthiti|archive-date=2014-05-07}}</ref>

==Jaina interpretation==

In [[Jainism]], the word, ''Sthiti'', refers to the length or duration (in time) of ''ayu-karma'', the specific period for which the karmic matter, consisting of desires or passions that motivate actions, remains bound with the soul, where the specific length of life in the ''gati'', whether as a heavenly being or a hell being, is determined by the ''sthiti'' of ''ayu'' that stays bound; ''bhava-leshya'' affects ''sthiti'' and ''pradesa-bandha''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jainism and early Buddhism|publisher=Jain Publishing Co.|pages=348–350|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5_EdL2FtIqQC&q=sthiti&pg=PA351|isbn=9780895819567|year=2003}}</ref> The duration of [[Karma in Jainism|karman]]s of a [[Jiva]] is dependent on ''adhayavasaya'' ('the tenure of the mind'), and therefore, on the strength of the ''kasayas'' ('binding factors').<ref>{{cite book|title=The Doctrine of karman in Jain Philosophy|author=Helmuth von Glasenapp|publisher=Jain Publishing Co.|page=71|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bd-5sKkV1XQC&q=sthiti&pg=PA71 |isbn=9780895819710|year=2003}}</ref>

==Buddhist interpretation==

[[Abhidharma-kosa]], a [[Buddhist]] text, in Sloka II.46 tells us that – "Arising is existence following upon non-existence; duration is the series; impermanence is the rupture of all series; and between the successive states of the series"; in [[Buddhism]] ''sthiti'' refers to the impermanence of duration; it is the impermanence of duration that destroys [[dharma]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Kalatattatvakosa|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|pages= 354–355|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YHYrni9wckC&q=sthiti&pg=PA317|isbn=9788120815476|year=1988}}</ref> The [[Sarvastivada|Sarvastivadins]], as a result of the analysis of change, commute impermanence in terms of ''jati'' ('nascent'), ''sthiti'' ('static'), ''jara'' ('decaying') and ''nasa'' ('cessant') moments taking "change of what exists" as signifying two moments, static and decaying. The followers of [[Theravada]] reject the jara-moment, and the [[Sautrāntika|Sautrantikas]] reject the sthiti-moment.<ref>{{cite book|title=Buddhist Philosophy: A historical Analysis|author=David J.Kalupahana|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|page=101|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EBggX7yZkCQC&q=sthiti&pg=PA101|isbn=9780824803926|year=1976}}</ref>

==Yoga school’s interpretation==

The Vastu-sutra Upanishad with reference to ''Kriyavastha'' ('rituals of postural action') speaks of six essential disciplines that can be applied to [[Asana]]; the language of postures refers to three rhythms – ''Shrishti'' ('emanation'), ''Sthiti'' ('maintenance') and ''Samhara'' ('resorption'). ''Vaijayanti Kosha'' defines '''Sthiti''' as the act of maintaining. ''Sthiti'' relates to adulthood and emphasizes organic and pranic actions.<ref>{{cite book|title=Iyengar: The Yoga Master|author=B.K.S.Iyengar|publisher=Shambhala Publications|page=196,204|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__aW4TWCS8kC&q=sthiti&pg=PA202|isbn=9781590305249|year=2007}}</ref>

As per [[Yoga]] terminology, the word, ''Sthiti'', means 'steadiness' i.e. steadiness of the mind –

:तत्र स्थितौ यत्रोऽभ्यासः ||

:"Of these two, abhyās, practice, is the effort to develop steadiness" - (Yoga Sutra 13)

[[Samadhi]] is the highest ''Sthiti'' of mind.<ref>{{cite book|title=Patanjali Yog Darshan|author=Robert William Eaton|publisher=Lulu.com|page=98,102|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1Qzsk2sqB0C&q=sthiti&pg=PA101|isbn=9781411628878|date=June 2005}}</ref>

[[Yoga]] school recommends exercises to be practiced in accordance with one’s physical condition, age and constitution; the general rule is to follow ''vriddhi'' (during youth when the body is healthy and growing), ''sthiti'' (during middle age when the body is neither growing nor decaying) and ''laya'' (during old age when the body gets old and is decaying). The different ''asana'' ('postures'), which are duly graded, are also called ''sthiti''. Moreover, absence of commonly experienced states of mental distraction known as ''citta vritti'' is called ''sthiti'' ('stationary') or absolute tranquility, in that state one experiences ''prasanta-vahita'' ('flow of peace'); and in which state the yogi desires to remain continuously.<ref>{{cite book|title=Yoga for Three Stages of Life|author=Srivatsa Ramaswami|publisher=Inner Traditions|page=[https://archive.org/details/yogaforthreestag00sriv/page/n6 1], 48|url=https://archive.org/details/yogaforthreestag00sriv|url-access=registration|quote=sthiti.|isbn=9780892818204|year=2000}}</ref> According to ''Yoga Rahasya'', ''Sthiti'' is a [[karma]] meant for the house-holder, and ''Sthiti'' means – to stay i.e. the priority to maintain health rather than increase strength.<ref>{{cite book|title=Krishnamacharya|author=A.G.Mohan|publisher=Shambhala publications|pages=39–40|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6nQQQ0OWo8C&q=sthiti&pg=PA39|isbn=9780834822498|date=2010-07-13}}</ref>

==Vaishnava interpretation==

According to [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava Dharma]], the five functions of [[Shakti]] are ''triodhana'' or ''triobhava'' ('delusion'), ''shrishti'' ('creation'), ''sthiti'' ('sustenance'), ''laya'' or ''samhrti'' ('dissolution') and ''anugraha'' ('grace'); these account for its ''Kiryashakti'' ('power of action'). [[Avyakta]], [[aksara]], [[yoni]], [[Avidya (Hinduism)|avidya]], [[Guna|trigunas]], sthiti, [[Maya (illusion)|maya]], [[svabhava]] etc., are synonyms of [[Prakṛti|Prakrti]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Laxmi Tantra: A Pancaratra Text|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=xxvi,81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pENlKmZ4r94C&q=sthiti&pg=PA68|isbn=9788120817357|year=2000}}</ref>

''[[Yoga Vasistha]]'' has six ''prakarnas'' ('divisions') – ''vairagya'' ('renunciation'), ''mumuksu-vyavahara'' ('longing for salvation'), ''utpatti'' ('cosmological origin'), ''sthiti'' ('preservation'), ''upasama'' ('quiescence') and ''nirvana'' ('absorption').<ref>{{cite book|title=Global History of Philosophy|author=John C.Plott|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=452|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTwBGPLQnxQC&q=sthiti&pg=PA452|isbn=9788120805507|date=December 2000}}</ref> The five stories in ''Sthiti Prakarna'' narrated by [[Rishi]] [[Vashistha]], show that by forgetting that the actor, the perceiver, the knower or "I" is one's own creation identifying with action, and by identifying with the actor, the perceived and the known, one becomes totally bound and suffers repeated births. ''Sthiti'' or preservation of the "I" is important for growth when one learns and experiences the different aspects of existence.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Wisdom of Vasistha|author=Raghunandan|publisher=Motilal banarsidass|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkgYPD54vAsC&q=sthiti&pg=PA193|isbn=9788120820432|date=April 2004}}</ref>

==Shaivite interpretation==

The five activities attributed to [[Ishvara]] by the [[Shaivites]] are – ''shrishti'' ('emanation or projection'), ''sthiti'' ('maintenance'), ''samhara'' ('withdrawal'), ''vilaya'' ('concealment of the real nature') and ''anugraha'' ('grace'), and therefore, [[Shiva]] is known as ''pancakrityakari'', the continuous do-er of five-fold act which is different from the concept of [[Brahman]] who is ''niskriya'' ('without activity'). ''Pratayabhijna'' insists on meditation on ''panca-krtya'' and the practice of ''vikalpa-ksaya'' during which course the retention and enjoyment of what one perceives (''abhasana'') is ''rakti'' or ''sthiti'' i.e. preservation, which is withdrawn at the time of knowledge. Sthiti is thus the inward cessation of all ''darsanas'' ('empirical knowledge, the experience of things').<ref>{{cite book|title=Pratayabhijnahardayam: The Secret of Self-recognition|author=Jaideva Singh|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|pages=23, 30, 39, 70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVJSChd9hOoC&q=sthiti&pg=PA30|isbn=9788120803237|year=1982}}</ref>

The ''Devi-Bhagavata'' III.7.25-26 speaks of the three shaktis of the three [[gunas]] – ''jnana-shakti'' of [[sattva]], ''kriya-shakti'' of [[rajas]] and ''artha-shakti'' or ''dravya-shakti'' of [[Tamas (Philosophy)|tamas]]; [[jnana]] and [[dravya]] show the nature of ''[[prakasa]]'' ('light', 'knowledge') and ''sthiti'' ('sustenance', 'existence') in a clearer way. ''Shrishti'' (natural state and Nature), ''Sthiti'' (continuation and maintenance) and ''Samhara'' (annihilation and reabsorption) constitute the triad which alludes to a ceaseless process of creation, sustenance and dissolution in a repeating cycle starting from the emptiness of a positive content which causes multifarious forms to shine forth in the mid-way of its movement before receding to rest from where the process started. ''Sthiti'' is defined as that by virtue of which the gunas are recognized as ''gunas'', and is the common name of the other two genders viz. birth and death.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian philosophy|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Jainism]]
[[Category:Buddhism]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Vedas]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]

Sthiti - Revision history

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