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{{Short description|Indian princely state (est. 1775)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| native_name = {{lang|hi|रियासत-ए-अलवर}}
| common_name = Alwar State
| conventional_long_name = State of Alwar
| today = {{flag|India}}
| nation = [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]
| subdivision = [[Princely State]]
| capital = [[Alwar]]
| year_start = 1775
| event_end = [[Political integration of India|Accession to India]]
| stat_area1 =
| stat_year1 = 1941
| stat_pop1 = 823,055
| stat_pop2 =
| stat_year2 = 1945
| stat_area2 = 8331.992
| image_coat = Naruka_-_Coat_of_Arms_-_Alwar.png
| flag =
| image_flag = Alwar flag.svg
}}
The '''State of Alwar''', or '''Alwar State''', was a [[princely state]] that was ruled by the [[Rajput|Rajputs]] of the [[Naruka]] clan of the [[Kachhwaha]] dynasty.

== History ==
Bar Singh, the eldest son of Udaikaran, the [[Raja]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]], took offence when his father became interested in a woman Bar Singh was meant to marry.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Powlett |first=P. W. (Percy William) |url=http://archive.org/details/gazetteerofulwur00powliala |title=Gazetteer of Ulwur |date=1878 |publisher=London : Trübner & co. |others=University of California Libraries |pages=13–18}}</ref> He asked his father to marry her instead and relinquished his claim to the throne of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]] in favour of any offspring from that union.<ref name=":6" /> Nar Singh, the son born from that union, succeeded to the throne of Amber after Udaikaran's death, while Bar Singh received an estate of 84 villages as his appanage.<ref name=":6" /> Bar Singh was succeeded by his son Mairaj, who in turn was succeeded by Naru.<ref name=":6" /> It was after Naru that his descendants came to be known as [[Naruka]].<ref name=":6" />

Naru had five sons: Lala, Dasa, Tejsi, Jeta, and Chitar.<ref name=":6" /> The descendants of Lala came to be known as Lalawat, and the rulers of Alwar are descended from him.<ref name=":6" /> Although Lala was the eldest son of his father, he was not treated accordingly and received only Jhak and twelve villages as his patrimony.<ref name=":6" /> Lala received from him the title of [[Rao (title)|Rao]] and a banner in recognition of the loyal spirit he displayed towards his chief, [[Bharmal]].<ref name=":6" /> Lala's son, Udai Singh, served under [[Bharmal]] and usually led the vanguard in battle.<ref name=":6" /> Udai's son, Lar, was often with [[Man Singh I]] and is said to have received the title of [[Khan (title)|Khan]] from [[Akbar]].<ref name=":6" /> Lar Khan had a son, Fateh Singh, who in turn had four sons: Kalyan Singh, Karan Singh, Akhai Singh, and Ranchor Das.<ref name=":6" />

{{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|title=Sons of Fateh Singh|ta1=center}}
{{Tree list}}
* Fateh Singh
** Kalyan Singh
** Karan Singh
** Akhai Singh
** Ranchor Das{{Tree list/end}}
{{Hidden end}}

After the death of his father, Kalyan succeeded to his ancestral estate.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> However, when he did not support Jai Singh I against a rival, his estate was confiscated, and he was banished to Macheri.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> He later served at [[Kaman, Rajasthan|Kama]], which had originally been conferred on Jai Singh I by [[Aurangzeb]], and tried to take control of it.<ref name=":5" /> His attempt failed, and a son of [[Jai Singh I]] succeeded his father in [[Kaman, Rajasthan|Kama]], forcing Kalyan to return to Macheri.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" />

Kalyan’s son, Anand Singh, had two grandsons, Zorawar Singh and Zalim Singh, who divided Macheri between them.<ref name=":6" /> Zorawar, the elder, received Macheri, and from him the rulers of Alwar claim descent, while Zalim, the younger, received Bijawar in his appanage.<ref name=":6" /> Zorawar Singh's grandson, [[Sawai Pratap Singh Naruka|Pratap Singh]], received an estate comprising two and a half villages and, with the permission of the [[Maharaja]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]], built a fort at [[Rajgarh, Alwar|Rajgarh]].<ref name=":6" /> In the years that followed, he constructed several forts and maintained cordial relations with [[Mirza Najaf Khan]].<ref name=":6" /> When the rulers of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] failed to pay the arrears for the [[Alwar fort]], [[Sawai Pratap Singh Naruka]] was summoned by the fort commandant to take possession of the fort, and following his acquisition, his kin began to pay homage and present him with nazars, or offerings.<ref name=":6" /> One Swarup Singh opposed Pratap, and when Andha Naik brought him as a prisoner before Pratap, the latter asked Swarup to present the nazar.<ref name=":6" /> When he failed to comply, Pratap put him to death and took possession of his estates.<ref name=":6" /> Pratap was granted the [[Mahi Maratib]], and he renounced his allegiance to [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]].<ref name=":6" /> He established the State of Alwar in 1775.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bose |first=Melia Belli |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Royal_Umbrellas_of_Stone_Memory_Politics/6dR0CgAAQBAJ |title=Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art |date=2015-08-25 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-30056-9 |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ḍaṇḍiyā |first=Milāpacanda |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rajasthan_Year_Book_Who_s_who/eZE2AQAAIAAJ |title=Rajasthan Year Book & Who's who |date=1976 |publisher=Samriddhi Publications. |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Under the British Empire ===
In the year 1803, during the reign of Bakhtawar Singh, Alwar entered into a mutual offensive and defensive alliance of permanent friendship with the [[East India Company]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36026 |title=The Administration Report Of The Alwar State |date=1916 |pages=1–4}}</ref> By doing so, Alwar became the first state in [[Rajputana]] to enter into permanent treaty relations with the [[East India Company]].<ref name=":8" />

=== Accession ===
On 3 June 1947, [[Lord Mountbatten]] announced that the [[British Empire|British]] would transfer power to the representatives of the [[Dominion of India]] and the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] on 15 August 1947.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Amiya |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Constitutional_Development_of_India/N1nGL4qH1ccC |title=The Constitutional Development of India: 1937-1947: With a Foreword [!] |date=1958 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |pages=143–145 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Princely state|princely states]] were given the following options: depending on their geographical location and demographic composition, they could either accede to the [[Dominion of India]] or the [[Dominion of Pakistan]], or remain independent.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Services |first=United States Department of State Office of Media |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/India_Pakistan_and_Bangladesh/dyidamzcpdgC |title=India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh |date=1972 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hussain |first=Serena |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Society_and_Politics_of_Jammu_and_Kashmi/s70LEAAAQBAJ |title=Society and Politics of Jammu and Kashmir |date=2020-11-27 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-56481-0 |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> Following the [[partition of India]] in 1947, [[Sawai Tej Singh Naruka|Tej Singh Prabhakar]] acceded the Alwar State to the [[Dominion of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Experts |first=EduGorilla Prep |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rajasthan_Police_Sub_Inspector_Paper_II/--8_EAAAQBAJ |title=Rajasthan Police Sub Inspector Paper-II Exam (RPSC SI) {{!}} 1100+ Solved Questions (10 Mock Tests + 1 Previous Year Paper) |date=2022-08-03 |publisher=EduGorilla Community Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-93-91464-65-3 |pages=112 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Meena |first=R. P. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/RPSC_RAS_Prelims_History_of_Rajasthan_Co/RH--DwAAQBAJ |title=RPSC RAS Prelims: History of Rajasthan Complete Study Notes With MCQ |publisher=New Era Publication |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Merger ===
Alwar State was merged on 18 March 1948 with three other princely states, namely [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]], [[Dholpur state|Dholpur]], and [[Karauli state|Karauli]], to form the [[Matsya States Union|Matsya Union]].<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Commission |first=India Planning |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rajasthan_Development_Report/l0g3FZYnkLIC |title=Rajasthan Development Report |date=2006 |publisher=Academic Foundation |isbn=978-81-7188-464-3 |pages=239 |language=en}}</ref> On 15 May 1949, the [[Matsya States Union|Matsya Union]] was merged with [[History of Rajasthan#Unification of Rajasthan|Greater Rajasthan]] to create the [[History of Rajasthan#Unification of Rajasthan|United State of Greater Rajasthan]], which later became [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chouhan |first=T. S. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Space_Technology_and_GIS_for_Disaster_Mo/C6-gDwAAQBAJ |title=Space Technology and GIS for Disaster Monitoring and Mitigation |date=2018-12-01 |publisher=Scientific Publishers |isbn=978-93-87869-90-5 |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Alwar State covered an area of 3,217 square miles, with an extreme length of 80 miles and a breadth of 60 miles.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36154 |title=Report The Administration Alwar State |date=1945 |pages=1–2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kachhawaha |first=O. P. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Famines_in_Rajasthan_1900_A_D_1947_A_D/CzEuAAAAMAAJ |title=Famines in Rajasthan, 1900 A.D.-1947 A.D. |date=1985 |publisher=Hindi Sahitya Mandir |pages=218 |language=en}}</ref> Of the total area, approximately 2,627 square miles consisted of plains, while the remaining 590 square miles comprised hilly tracts.<ref name=":3" />

It lay between 27° 5′–28° 10′ N and 76° 10′–77° 15′ E, and was bounded on the north by [[Gurgaon]], [[Bawal]] of [[Nabha State]], and [[Kotkasim]] of Jaipur State; on the east by [[Bharatpur State]] and [[Gurgaon]]; on the south by [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]]; and on the west by [[Nabha State]], [[Patiala State]], and [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur State]].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":3" />

== Composition ==
For administrative purposes, the Alwar State was divided into ten nizamats, or administrative sub-areas, which were distributed between the Northern District and the Southern District.<ref name=":8" /> The Northern District consisted of the following nizamats: [[Alwar]], [[Behror]], [[Mandawar, Rajasthan|Mandawar]], [[Kishangarh Bas|Kishangarh]], and [[Tijara]].<ref name=":8" /> The Southern District consisted of the following nizamats: Ramgarh, Lachhmangarh, [[Rajgarh, Alwar|Rajgarh]], Thanagazi, and [[Bansur]].<ref name=":8" />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
!No,
! width="5%" |Name of District
! width="12%" |Name of Nizamat
! width="80px" |Principal Towns
!Number of villages
!Reference
|-
| rowspan="12" |1
| rowspan="12" |Northern District
| rowspan="2" |[[Alwar]]
|[[Alwar]]
| rowspan="2" |249
| rowspan="24" |<ref name=":8" />
|-
|Malakhera
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Behror]]
|[[Behror]]
| rowspan="3" |152
|-
|Mandhan
|-
|[[Barrod]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Mandawar, Rajasthan|Mandawar]]
|[[Mandawar, Rajasthan|Mandawar]]
| rowspan="2" |133
|-
|Ajarka
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kishangarh Bas|Kishangarh]]
|[[Kishangarh Bas|Kishangarh]]
| rowspan="3" |167
|-
|Harsauli
|-
|[[Khairthal]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Tijara]]
|[[Tijara]]
| rowspan="2" |208
|-
|Tapukara
|-
| rowspan="11" |2
| rowspan="11" |Southern District
| rowspan="2" |Ramgarh
|Ramgarh
| rowspan="2" |175
|-
|Govindgarh
|-
| rowspan="3" |Lachhmangarh
|Lachhmangarh
| rowspan="3" |259
|-
|[[Kathumar]]
|-
|Kherli
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajgarh, Alwar|Rajgarh]]
|[[Rajgarh, Alwar|Rajgarh]]
| rowspan="2" |239
|-
|Tehla
|-
| rowspan="2" |Thanagazi
|Thanagazi
| rowspan="2" |175
|-
|Pratapgarh
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Bansur]]
|[[Bansur]]
| rowspan="2" |101
|-
|Narayan Pur
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Total number of villages'''
|1858
|}

== Population ==
According to the 1941 census, the population of Alwar was 823,055.<ref name=":3" />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! colspan="10" |Population of Alwar in 1941
! rowspan="3" |Reference
|-
! colspan="3" |Hindus
! colspan="3" |Muslims
! colspan="3" |Christians
! rowspan="2" |Grand Total
|-
! width="5%" |Males
! width="12%" |Females
! width="80px" |Total
!Males
! width="28%" |Females
! width="30%" |Total
!Males
!Females
!Total
|-
|3,17,530
|2,85,052
|6,02,582
| rowspan="2" |1,17,828
| rowspan="2" |1,02,507
| rowspan="2" align="left" |2,20,335
| rowspan="2" |53
| rowspan="2" |85
| rowspan="2" |138
| rowspan="2" |8,23,05
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":3" />
|-
| colspan="3" |<small>(</small><small>Include Sikhs)</small>
|}

== Forces ==
Alwar had one Lancer regiment, the Mangal Lancers, and two infantry battalions, namely, the Alwar Jey Paltan, and the Alwar Pratap Paltan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=England) |first=Society for Army Historical Research (London |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Society_for_Army_Historic/FkkiAQAAIAAJ |title=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research |date=1990 |publisher=Society for Army Historical Research. |pages=143 |language=en}}</ref> The Mangal Lancers, the Alwar Jey Paltan, and the Alwar Pratap Paltan continued in the Class-A<ref group=Note name=Note01/> category of the [[Indian States Forces]] up to October, 1939.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35929 |title=The Alwar State Administration Report |date=1940 |pages=22–31}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="9" |Expenditure on the maintenance of the State's Forces
(All figures are in Rupees)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Sr.
! rowspan="2" |Item
! colspan="6" |Financial Year
! rowspan="2" |References
|-
!1938–39
!1939–40
!1940–41
!1942–43
!1943–44
!1944–45
|-
|1
|Establishment
|355563
|364096
|257743
|745927
|824487
|811708
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36018 |title=The Alwar Stae Administration Report |date=1941 |pages=26–33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36154 |title=Report The Administration Alwar State |date=1945 |pages=68–73}}</ref>
|-
|2
|Ammunition and Equipment
|24961
|24933
|22040
|10,890
|15677
|14147
|-
|3
|Other contingent expenditure
|72361
|59322
|160104
|1,05,511
|122567
|128221
|-
|4
|Extra grant for replacement of equipment
|
|
|9978
|
|
|
|-
|5
|Emergency Commissioned Officers
|
|
|1960
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''
|452885
|448351
|451825
|862328
|962731
|954076
|}

=== Mangal Lancers ===
This unit was raised in [[Alwar]] in 1884.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36050 |title=Rajputana And Ajmere Merwara |date=1937 |pages=58–60}}</ref> It was reorganised as [[Imperial Service Troops]] in 1884 and as [[Indian States Forces]] in 1922.<ref name=":9" /> Its officers wore red uniforms with blue facings.<ref name=":9" /> It was composed of both [[Rajput|Rajputs]] and [[Muslims]].<ref name=":9" />

=== Alwar Jey Paltan ===
This unit, originally known as '''Fateh Paltan''', was raised in 1825.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Jaipur) |first=Man Singh (Maharaja of |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_the_Indian_State_Forces/Zso8AQAAIAAJ |title=A History of the Indian State Forces |date=1967 |publisher=Orient Longmans |pages=one–two |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nevins |first=Edward M. |url=http://archive.org/details/forcesofbritishe0000nevi |title=Forces of the British Empire--1914 |date=1992 |publisher=Arlington, Va. : Vandamere Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-918339-18-8 |pages=271}}</ref> It was reorganised as [[Imperial Service Troops]] in 1888 and as [[Indian States Forces]] in 1922.<ref name=":9" /> Its officers wore scarlet uniforms with white facings.<ref name=":9" />

During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], it assisted the [[East India Company]] in quelling the insurgents at [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]].<ref name=":10" /> It later took part in the [[Boxer Rebellion]].<ref name=":10" /> During [[World War I]], it served in [[Egypt]] and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], and during [[World War II]], in the [[Middle East]].<ref name=":10" />

=== Alwar Pratap Paltan ===
This unit was raised after [[World War I]], at [[Alwar]], in 1919, by [[Jai Singh Prabhakar]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> It was reorganised as the [[Indian States Forces]] in 1922.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" />
== Rulers ==
The rulers of Alwar belong to the [[Naruka]] branch of the [[Kachhwaha]] clan of the [[Rajput|Rajputs]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Bayley |first=C. S. |url=http://archive.org/details/chiefsleadingfam00csba |title=Chiefs and leading families in Rajputana |date=2004 |publisher=New Delhi : Asian Educational Services |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-206-1066-8 |pages=2,71–73,80–83}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Golden_Book_of_India/3kwoAAAAYAAJ |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire |date=1893 |publisher=Macmillan |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref> Like the royal house of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]], the royal house of Alwar claims descent from [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kush]], the eldest son of [[Rama]] of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]].<ref name=":8" /> The ancestors of the family eventually settled in [[Amber, India|Amber]], from where the house later divided into two branches: Alwar and [[Amber, India|Jaipur]].<ref name=":8" /> Alwar represented the senior branch of [[Amber, India|Amber]].<ref name=":8" /> The ruler of the state was entitled to a permanent [[gun salute]] of 15 .<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Provincial_Series/tORAAQAAMAAJ |title=Provincial Series: Central Provinces |date=1908 |publisher=Superintendent of Gevernment Printing |pages=424–430 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! width="5%" |No.
! width="12%" |Name
! width="80px" |Portrait
! width="28%" |Reign
! width="30%" |Notes
!References
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Rao Raja'''
| rowspan="10" |<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_Indica_Princely_states_in/wfUvAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely states in colonial India-I |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |pages=43–45 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=Royal |date=2021-07-20 |title=Alwar (Princely State) |url=https://oroyalarchives.com/alwar/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=Royal Archives |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=ALWAR |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/a/alwar.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703190645/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/a/alwar.html |archive-date=2017-07-03 |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref>
|-
|1
|[[Sawai Pratap Singh Naruka| Pratap Singh]]
|
|c. 1775 – c. 1791
| align="left" |
|-
|2
|Bakhtawar Singh
|
|c. 1791 – c. 1815
| align="left" |
|-
|3
|Vinay Singh
|
|c. 1815 – c. 1857
| align="left" |
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Maharao Raja'''
|-
|4
|Shivdan Singh
|[[File:Sheodan Singh of Alwar.png|161x161px]]
|c. 1857 – 11 October 1874
| align="left" |
|-
|5
|[[Mangal Singh Prabhakar|Mangal Singh]]
|[[File:Mangol Sing Rajah of Ulwar (cropped).tif|135x135px]]
|11 October 1874 – 22 May 1893
| align="left" |
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Maharaja'''
|-
|6
|[[Jai Singh Prabhakar|Jai Singh]]
|[[File:Maharaja Jai Singh of Alwar State.jpg|132x132px]]
|22 May 1893 – 20 May 1937
| align="left" |
|-
|7
|[[Sawai Tej Singh Naruka|Tej Singh]]
|
|20 May 1937 – 15 February 2009
| align="left" |
|-
| colspan="6" |'''Pretender'''
|-
|8
|[[Bhanwar Jitendra Singh|Jitendra Singh]]
|[[File:Maharaja Jitendra Singh Naruka of Alwar.jpg|165x165px]]
|15 February 2009 – present
| align="left" |
|<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
|}

=== Titles and styles ===
The ruler of Alwar bore the title ''[[Rajarshi|Raj Rishi]] [[Shri]] Sawai [[Maharaja]] (personal name) Singhji Veerendra Shiromani Dev Bharat Prabhakar Bahadur, [[Maharaja]] of Alwar'', with the style of [[His Highness]].<ref name=":7" />

== Bara Kotri ==
''Bara Kotri'', meaning the twelve fiefs or houses, was a term Alwar took from its parent state, [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tod (Lieutenant-Colonel.) |first=James |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Annals_and_Antiquities_of_Rajast_han_Or/7E-bVxsALaIC |title=Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han, Or The Central and Western Rajpoot States of India |date=1832 |publisher=Smith, Elder, and Company |pages=435 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Faulkner |first=Alexander Samuel |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Naruka_State/dFIoAAAAYAAJ |title=An Historical Sketch of the Naruka State of Ulwar in Rajputana |date=1895 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |pages=5–10,21,41 |language=en}}</ref> It referred to the families closely related to the ruler of Alwar on his paternal side.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajputana (Agency) |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rajputana_Gazetteer/mYtYhoiaiYQC |title=The Rajputana Gazetteer |date=1880 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Print. |pages=179,190–191 |language=en}}</ref> Rao Kalyan Singh had five sons, and those sons established five families, collectively known as the ''panch thikanas'' or five fiefs, while the offshoots of these families are referred to as ''bara kotri''.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> In all, twenty-five families belong to this class.<ref name=":4" /> Succession in these families followed the rule of primogeniture, and suitable provisions were made for the younger sons out of the income of the estates.<ref name=":4" />
{{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|title=Sons of Kalyan Singh|ta1=center}}
{{Tree list}}
* Kalyan Singh
** Anand Singh
** Shyam Singh
** Jodh Singh
** Amar Singh
** Ishri Singh
{{Tree list/end}}
{{Hidden end}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="6" |Panch Thikanas
! width="5%" |No.
! width="12%" |Name
! width="80px" |Founder
! width="28%" |Notes
! width="30%" |Reference
|-
|1
|Macheri
|Anand Singh
|
| rowspan="5" align="left" |<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
|-
|2
|Para
|Shyam Singh
|
|-
|3
|Pai
|Jodh Singh
|
|-
|4
|Khora
|Amar Singh
|
|-
|5
|Palwa
|Ishri Singh
|
|}
They were hereditary nobles of Alwar and would, in durbar, take their seats to the right of the ruler.<ref name=":4" /> In times when there was no heir to succeed in Alwar, they also decided collectively who should become the new ruler.<ref name=":5" />

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Note|refs=
<ref name=Note01>Class-A referred to troops that were organised according to the Indian Army system and establishment and, with some exceptions, were armed with the same weapons as the corresponding units of the regular Indian Army.</ref>
}}
== References ==
<references />

{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}

[[Category:States and territories established in 1775]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1947]]
[[Category:Princely states of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajput history]]
[[Category:Alwar]]

State of Alwar - Revision history

WandaX39006: Added first post added tags