State Emblem of India - Revision history

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{{short description|National emblem of the Republic of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox coat of arms
|name = State Emblem of India
|image = Emblem of India.svg
|middle =
|middle_width =
|middle_caption =
|lesser =
|lesser_width =
|lesser_caption =
|armiger = {{flagicon|India}} [[India|Republic of India]]
|year_adopted = 26 January 1950
|crest =
|torse =
|shield = [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]]
|supporters =
|compartment =
|motto = ''[[Satyameva Jayate]]'' <br/> ("Truth Alone Triumphs") <br/> (from the "[[Mundaka Upanishad]]", a part of [[Upanishads]])
|orders =
|other_elements =
|earlier_versions =
|use =
}}

The State Emblem of India is the national museum emblem of India. The emblem is an adaptation of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]], a statue from 280 BCE . The statue is a dimensional emblem showing four
lions. It became the emblem of the [[Dominion of India|India]] in December 1947,<ref name="State Emblem and Seal">{{cite web|title=Press Communique' - State Emblem|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20804-BR/HOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20804-BR/HOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref>& also succeeded as the Seal of the Republic of India .

==History OF INDIA==
Following the end of [[British Raj|British rule]] on 15 August 1947, the newly independent [[Dominion of India]] adopted an official state emblem on 30 December 1947. The emblem consisted of a representation of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]] at [[Sarnath]] enclosed within a rectangular frame.<ref name="State Emblem and Seal"/>

The task of beautifying the original copy of the [[Constitution of India]] was given to [[Nandalal Bose]] (then the Principal of Kala Bhavan Shanti Niketan or Shanti Niketan) by the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/features/celebrating-nandalal-bose-artist-who-rejected-everything-british-designed-indias-constitution/156874/|title=Celebrating Nandalal Bose, artist who rejected everything British & designed India's constitution.|website=The Print}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/read-on-to-find-out-how-nandalal-bose-played-an-important-part-in-promoting-modern-indian-art/article8413791.ece|title=Bringing out the kala|last=Pathak|first=Yamini|date=31 March 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=4 September 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Bose set out to complete this task with the help of his students, one of whom was [[Dinanath Bhargava]], then 21 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/we-know-very-little-about-the-man-who-designed-our-national-emblem-here-are-some-fact-about-his-remarkable-life-268185.html|title=We Know Very Little About The Man Who Designed Our National Emblem. Here Are Some Facts Him.|date=26 December 2016|website=indiatimes.com|language=en|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> Bose was keen to include the Lion Capital of Ashoka into the opening pages of the constitution. Wanting the lions to be depicted realistically, he chose Bhargava who studied the behaviour of the lions at the [[Kolkata Zoo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/79658/dinanath-bhargava-india-national-emblem/|title=A Tribute to the Artist who Sketched and Illuminated India's National Emblem|date=26 December 2016|website=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> <⁴>

On 26 January 1950, a representation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka placed above the motto Satyameva Jayate was adopted as the State Emblem of India.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/79658/dinanath-bhargava-india-national-emblem/|title=A Tribute to the Artist who Sketched and Illuminated India's National Emblem|date=26 December 2016|website=The BetterIndia|language=en-US|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref>''

==Usage and description==
The [[emblem]] forms a part of the official letterhead of the [[Government of India]] and appears on all Indian [[currency]] as well. It also functions as the national emblem of India in many places and appears prominently on [[Indian passport]]s. The [[Ashoka Chakra]] (Ashoka wheel) on its base features in the centre of the [[National Flag of India|national flag of India]].

The usage of the emblem is regulated and restricted under [[State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005]] under which, no individual or private organisation is permitted to use the emblem for official correspondence.

The actual Sarnath [[capital (architecture)|capital]] features four [[Asiatic lion]]s standing back to back, symbolising power, courage, confidence, and pride, mounted on a circular base. At the bottom is a horse and a bull, and at its centre is a wheel (Dharma chakra). The [[Abacus (architecture)|abacus]] is girded with a [[frieze]] of sculptures in high relief of The Lion of the North, The Horse of the West, The Bull of the South and The Elephant of the East, separated by intervening wheels, over a lotus in full bloom, exemplifying the fountainhead of life and creative inspiration. Carved from a single block of sandstone, the polished capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dharma Chakra).

In the emblem finally adopted, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus, with a bull on the right and a galloping horse on the left, and outlines of Dharma Chakras on the extreme right and left. A horse and a bull are represented right below the abacus. The bull represents hard work and steadfastness, while the horse represents loyalty, speed, and energy. The bell-shaped lotus beneath the abacus has been omitted.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/STATE_EMBLEM_ACT2005.pdf | title = The State Emblem Of India (Prohibition Of Improper Use) Act, 2005 | date = 20 December 2005 | access-date = 15 April 2012 | page = 4 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130319192231/http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/STATE_EMBLEM_ACT2005.pdf | archive-date = 19 March 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

Forming an integral part of the emblem is the [[motto]] inscribed below the abacus in [[Devanagari]] script: ''[[Satyameva Jayate]]'' ({{lang-sa|सत्यमेव जयते}}; lit. "Truth alone triumphs").<ref>{{cite court|litigants=Kamal Dey v. Union of India and State of West Bengal| court= Calcutta High Court | url = http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/WP-No.32027W.pdf| format = PDF | date = 14 July 2011 | page = 1 | access-date = 16 April 2012 }}</ref> This is a quote from [[Mundaka Upanishad]],<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/resume/193/scp.html.pdf | title = Rajya Sabha Parliamentary Standing Committee On Home Affairs: 116th Report on The State Emblem Of India (Prohibition Of Improper Use) Bill, 2004 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130308060826/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/resume/193/scp.html.pdf | archive-date = 8 March 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> the concluding part of the sacred [[Hindu]] [[Vedas]].

<gallery>
Ashok Stambha at Indian Museum, Kolkata.jpg|Ashoka Stambha at Indian Museum, [[Calcutta]]
Sarnath lion Ashoka 3rd century BCE India.jpg|An early photograph of the Sarnath capital
Sarnath pillar capital of Ashoka.jpg|A smaller copy of the Sarnath capital at the National Museum, Delhi
</gallery>

== Emblems of national bodies ==
<gallery>
File:Emblem of the Supreme Court of India.svg|Emblem of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
File:Cbi logo.svg|Emblem of the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]]
</gallery>

== Emblems of states and union territories ==
{{main|List of Indian state emblems}}
Most of the [[states and union territories of India]] have their own state emblem, seal or coat of arms which are used as an official governmental symbol, while six states and five union territories use the National Emblem of India with a text legend as their official governmental seal.

Some of the [[autonomous district council]]s established by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India have also adopted an official emblem.

== Historic seals and emblems ==
===Pre-colonial India===

====Emblem of the [[Mughal Empire]] in historical progression====
{{Main article|Emblem of the Mughal Empire}}

<gallery>
File:Imperial Seal of the Mughal Empire.svg|Emblem of the [[Mughal Empire]]
File:Painted_seal_of_Mughal_Emperor_Awrangzib_Wellcome_L0034099.jpg|Emblem of the [[Mughal Empire]] during the reign of [[Aurangzeb]].
File:Ghulam Ali Khan 018b.jpg|Last known emblem of the [[Mughal emperor]] during the reign of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]].
</gallery>

===British rule in India===
<gallery>
File:Coat of arms of the East India Company.svg|[[East India Company#Symbols|Coat of arms of the East India Company]], used during the [[Company Raj]] (1757–1858)
File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1837-1952).svg|[[Coat of arms of the United Kingdom]], used for official documents, publications and correspondence from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] during the [[British Raj]] (1858–1947)
File:Star-of-India-gold-centre.svg|[[Star of India (flag)#Emblem|Star of India]], an emblem used within India during the [[British Raj]].
</gallery>

===Portuguese rule in India===
<gallery>
File:Blason of Goa (ancient).svg|Coat of arms of Portuguese India (1600–1935)
File:Lesser coat of arms of Portuguese India.svg|Lesser coat of arms of [[Portuguese India]] (1935–1961)
File:Coat of arms of Portuguese India (1935-1951).svg|Greater coat of arms of [[Portuguese India]] (1935–1951)
File:Coat of arms of Portuguese India (1951-1974).svg|Greater coat of arms of [[Portuguese India]] (1951–1961)
</gallery>

===French Rule in India===
<gallery>
File:Armoiries république française.svg|Emblem of [[French India]] (1912–1954)
</gallery>

=== Azad Hind ===
<gallery>
File:Seal of Azad Hind.svg|Seal of [[Azad Hind]] (1943–1945)
</gallery>

===Dominion of India===
<gallery>
File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1837-1952).svg|[[Coat of arms of the United Kingdom]] used by the [[Dominion of India]] (15 August – 29 December 1947)<ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Kashmir_Accession_document_side_2.jpg</ref>
File:Emblem of India (without motto).svg|Emblem used by the [[Dominion of India]] (30 December 1947 – 25 January 1950)<ref name="State Emblem and Seal"/>
File:Seal of the Constituent Assembly of India.svg|Emblem of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Flag of India]]
* [[Jana Gana Mana]]
* [[Vande Mataram]]
* [[National symbols of India]]
* [[List of Indian state emblems]]
* [[List of Indian state symbols]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India topics}}
{{Coats of arms of Asia}}
{{Symbols of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emblem Of India}}
[[Category:National emblems|India]]
[[Category:National symbols of India| ]]
[[Category:Indian coats of arms|*]]
[[Category:Coats of arms with lions|India]]
[[Category:Coats of arms with bulls|India]]
[[Category:Coats of arms with horses|India]]
[[Category:Coats of arms with the dharmachakra|India]]
[[Category:Memorials to Ashoka]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:04, 13 August 2021
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	The State Emblem of India is the national ~~museum~~ emblem of India. The emblem is an adaptation of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]], a statue from 280 BCE . The statue is a dimensional emblem showing four		The State Emblem of India is the national emblem of India and is used by the national government, many state governments and government agencies. The emblem is an adaptation of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]], a statue from 280 BCE. The statue is a dimensional emblem showing four
	lions. It became the emblem of the [[Dominion of ~~India\|~~India]] in December 1947,<ref name="State Emblem and Seal">{{cite web\|title=Press Communique' - State Emblem\|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20804-BR/HOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf\|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20804-BR/HOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf\|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref>~~& also succeeded as~~ the ~~Seal~~ of the Republic of India .		lions. It became the emblem of the [[Dominion of India]] in December 1947,<ref name="State Emblem and Seal">{{cite web\|title=Press Communique' - State Emblem\|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20804-BR/HOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf\|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20804-BR/HOM-1947-12-30_116.pdf\|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> and later the emblem of the [[Republic of India]].

	==History ~~OF INDIA~~==		==History==
	Following the end of [[British Raj\|British rule]] on 15 August 1947, the newly independent [[Dominion of India]] adopted an official state emblem on 30 December 1947. The emblem consisted of a representation of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]] at [[Sarnath]] enclosed within a rectangular frame.<ref name="State Emblem and Seal"/>		Following the end of [[British Raj\|British rule]] on 15 August 1947, the newly independent [[Dominion of India]] adopted an official state emblem on 30 December 1947. The emblem consisted of a representation of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]] at [[Sarnath]] enclosed within a rectangular frame.<ref name="State Emblem and Seal"/>

	The task of beautifying the original copy of the [[Constitution of India]] was given to [[Nandalal Bose]] (then the Principal of Kala Bhavan Shanti Niketan or Shanti Niketan) by the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://theprint.in/features/celebrating-nandalal-bose-artist-who-rejected-everything-british-designed-indias-constitution/156874/\|title=Celebrating Nandalal Bose, artist who rejected everything British & designed India's constitution.\|website=The Print}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/read-on-to-find-out-how-nandalal-bose-played-an-important-part-in-promoting-modern-indian-art/article8413791.ece\|title=Bringing out the kala\|last=Pathak\|first=Yamini\|date=31 March 2016\|work=The Hindu\|access-date=4 September 2019\|language=en-IN\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Bose set out to complete this task with the help of his students, one of whom was [[Dinanath Bhargava]], then 21 years old.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/we-know-very-little-about-the-man-who-designed-our-national-emblem-here-are-some-fact-about-his-remarkable-life-268185.html\|title=We Know Very Little About The Man Who Designed Our National Emblem. Here Are Some Facts Him.\|date=26 December 2016\|website=indiatimes.com\|language=en\|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> Bose was keen to include the Lion Capital of Ashoka into the opening pages of the constitution. Wanting the lions to be depicted realistically, he chose Bhargava who studied the behaviour of the lions at the [[Kolkata Zoo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/79658/dinanath-bhargava-india-national-emblem/\|title=A Tribute to the Artist who Sketched and Illuminated India's National Emblem\|date=26 December 2016\|website=The Better India\|language=en-US\|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref~~> <⁴~~>		The task of beautifying the original copy of the [[Constitution of India]] was given to [[Nandalal Bose]] (then the Principal of Kala Bhavan Shanti Niketan or Shanti Niketan) by the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://theprint.in/features/celebrating-nandalal-bose-artist-who-rejected-everything-british-designed-indias-constitution/156874/\|title=Celebrating Nandalal Bose, artist who rejected everything British & designed India's constitution.\|website=The Print}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/read-on-to-find-out-how-nandalal-bose-played-an-important-part-in-promoting-modern-indian-art/article8413791.ece\|title=Bringing out the kala\|last=Pathak\|first=Yamini\|date=31 March 2016\|work=The Hindu\|access-date=4 September 2019\|language=en-IN\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Bose set out to complete this task with the help of his students, one of whom was [[Dinanath Bhargava]], then 21 years old.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/we-know-very-little-about-the-man-who-designed-our-national-emblem-here-are-some-fact-about-his-remarkable-life-268185.html\|title=We Know Very Little About The Man Who Designed Our National Emblem. Here Are Some Facts Him.\|date=26 December 2016\|website=indiatimes.com\|language=en\|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> Bose was keen to include the Lion Capital of Ashoka into the opening pages of the constitution. Wanting the lions to be depicted realistically, he chose Bhargava who studied the behaviour of the lions at the [[Kolkata Zoo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/79658/dinanath-bhargava-india-national-emblem/\|title=A Tribute to the Artist who Sketched and Illuminated India's National Emblem\|date=26 December 2016\|website=The Better India\|language=en-US\|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref>

	On 26 January 1950, a representation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka placed above the motto Satyameva Jayate was adopted as the State Emblem of India.''<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/79658/dinanath-bhargava-india-national-emblem/\|title=A Tribute to the Artist who Sketched and Illuminated India's National Emblem\|date=26 December 2016\|website=The BetterIndia\|language=en-US\|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref>''		On 26 January 1950, a representation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka placed above the motto, {{transl\|hi\|Satyameva Jayate}}, was adopted as the State Emblem of India.''<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/79658/dinanath-bhargava-india-national-emblem/\|title=A Tribute to the Artist who Sketched and Illuminated India's National Emblem\|date=26 December 2016\|website=The BetterIndia\|language=en-US\|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref>''

	==Usage and description==		==Usage and description==
	The [[emblem]] forms a part of the official letterhead of the [[Government of India]] and appears on all Indian [[currency]] as well. It also functions as the national emblem of India in many places and appears prominently on [[Indian passport]]s. The [[Ashoka Chakra]] (Ashoka wheel) on its base features in the centre of the [[National Flag of India\|national flag of India]].		The [[emblem]] forms a part of the official letterhead of the [[Government of India]] and appears on all Indian [[currency]] as well. It also functions as the national emblem of India in many places and appears prominently on [[Indian passport\|Indian passports]]. The [[Ashoka Chakra]] (Ashoka wheel) on its base features in the centre of the [[National Flag of India\|national flag of India]].

	The usage of the emblem is regulated and restricted under [[State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005]] under which, no individual or private organisation is permitted to use the emblem for official correspondence.		The usage of the emblem is regulated and restricted under [[State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005]] under which, no individual or private organisation is permitted to use the emblem for official correspondence.

	The actual Sarnath [[capital (architecture)\|capital]] features four [[Asiatic lion]]s standing back to back, symbolising power, courage, confidence, and pride, mounted on a circular base. At the bottom is a horse and a bull, and at its centre is a ~~wheel (~~Dharma chakra). The [[Abacus (architecture)\|abacus]] is girded with a [[frieze]] of sculptures in high relief of The Lion of the North, The Horse of the West, The Bull of the South and The Elephant of the East, separated by intervening wheels, over a lotus in full bloom, exemplifying the fountainhead of life and creative inspiration. Carved from a single block of sandstone, the polished capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law ~~(Dharma Chakra)~~.		The actual Sarnath [[capital (architecture)\|capital]] features four [[Asiatic lion]]s standing back to back, symbolising power, courage, confidence, and pride, mounted on a circular base. At the bottom is a horse and a bull, and at its centre is a [[Dharma chakra]]. The [[Abacus (architecture)\|abacus]] is girded with a [[frieze]] of sculptures in high relief of The Lion of the North, The Horse of the West, The Bull of the South and The Elephant of the East, separated by intervening wheels, over a lotus in full bloom, exemplifying the fountainhead of life and creative inspiration. Carved from a single block of sandstone, the polished capital is crowned by the [[Dharmachakra\|Wheel of the Law]].

	In the emblem finally adopted, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus, with a bull on the right and a galloping horse on the left, and outlines of Dharma Chakras on the extreme right and left. A horse and a bull are represented right below the abacus. The bull represents hard work and steadfastness, while the horse represents loyalty, speed, and energy. The bell-shaped lotus beneath the abacus has been omitted.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/STATE_EMBLEM_ACT2005.pdf \| title = The State Emblem Of India (Prohibition Of Improper Use) Act, 2005 \| date = 20 December 2005 \| access-date = 15 April 2012 \| page = 4 \| url-status = dead \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130319192231/http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/STATE_EMBLEM_ACT2005.pdf \| archive-date = 19 March 2013 \| df = dmy-all }}</ref>		In the emblem finally adopted, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus, with a bull on the right and a galloping horse on the left, and outlines of Dharma Chakras on the extreme right and left. A horse and a bull are represented right below the abacus. The bull represents hard work and steadfastness, while the horse represents loyalty, speed, and energy. The bell-shaped lotus beneath the abacus has been omitted.<ref>{{ cite web \| url = http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/STATE_EMBLEM_ACT2005.pdf \| title = The State Emblem Of India (Prohibition Of Improper Use) Act, 2005 \| date = 20 December 2005 \| access-date = 15 April 2012 \| page = 4 \| url-status = dead \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130319192231/http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/STATE_EMBLEM_ACT2005.pdf \| archive-date = 19 March 2013 \| df = dmy-all }}</ref>
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	File:Emblem of India (without motto).svg\|Emblem used by the [[Dominion of India]] (30 December 1947 – 25 January 1950)<ref name="State Emblem and Seal"/>		File:Emblem of India (without motto).svg\|Emblem used by the [[Dominion of India]] (30 December 1947 – 25 January 1950)<ref name="State Emblem and Seal"/>
	File:Seal of the Constituent Assembly of India.svg\|Emblem of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]		File:Seal of the Constituent Assembly of India.svg\|Emblem of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
			File:Badge of the Monarchy of India (1947-50).png\|The [[Heraldic badge\|Badge]] of the monarch of India (1947–1950)
	</gallery>		</gallery>