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clean up, removed: {{pp-semi-indef}}

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	{{Other uses}}		{{Other uses}}
	{{Redirect\|Huayu}}		{{Redirect\|Huayu}}
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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
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	== Naming ==		== Naming ==
	===In English===		===In English===
	Among linguists, it is known as Standard Northern Mandarin<ref name="John Rohsenow 2004"/><ref name="Yunyun Ran 2016"/><ref name="David Bradley 2008"/> or Standard Beijing Mandarin.<ref name="Jeff Siegel 2003"/><ref name="Ying-Chuan Chen2013"/> Colloquially, it is imprecisely referred simply as Mandarin,<ref name="Weng, Jeffrey 2018 611–633"/> though "Mandarin" may refer to the standard dialect, the [[Mandarin Chinese\|Mandarin dialect group]] as a whole, or its historic standard such as [[Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)\|Imperial Mandarin]].<ref name="Robert M Sanders 1987">{{cite journal\|title=The Four Languages of "Mandarin"\|first=Robert M.\|last=Sanders\|journal=Sino-Platonic Papers\|date=1987\|issue=4\|url=http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp004_mandarin_chinese.pdf\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307022502/http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp004_mandarin_chinese.pdf\|archive-date=2012-03-07}}</ref>{{sfnp\|Norman\|1988\|p=136}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/mandarin\|title=Mandarin\|website=Oxford Dictionary}}</ref~~><ref name="Weng, Jeffrey 2018 611–633"/~~> The name "''Modern'' Standard Mandarin" is used to distinguish its historic standard.{{sfnp\|Mair\|2013\|p=737}}{{sfnp\|Coblin\|2000\|p=537}}		Among linguists, it is known as Standard Northern Mandarin<ref name="John Rohsenow 2004"/><ref name="Yunyun Ran 2016"/><ref name="David Bradley 2008"/> or Standard Beijing Mandarin.<ref name="Jeff Siegel 2003"/><ref name="Ying-Chuan Chen2013"/> Colloquially, it is imprecisely referred simply as Mandarin,<ref name="Weng, Jeffrey 2018 611–633"/> though "Mandarin" may refer to the standard dialect, the [[Mandarin Chinese\|Mandarin dialect group]] as a whole, or its historic standard such as [[Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)\|Imperial Mandarin]].<ref name="Robert M Sanders 1987">{{cite journal\|title=The Four Languages of "Mandarin"\|first=Robert M.\|last=Sanders\|journal=Sino-Platonic Papers\|date=1987\|issue=4\|url=http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp004_mandarin_chinese.pdf\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307022502/http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp004_mandarin_chinese.pdf\|archive-date=2012-03-07}}</ref>{{sfnp\|Norman\|1988\|p=136}}<ref name="Weng, Jeffrey 2018 611–633"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/mandarin\|title=Mandarin\|website=Oxford Dictionary}}</ref> The name "''Modern'' Standard Mandarin" is used to distinguish its historic standard.{{sfnp\|Mair\|2013\|p=737}}{{sfnp\|Coblin\|2000\|p=537}}

	The term "Mandarin" is a translation of ''Guānhuà'' ({{zh\|s=官话\|t=官話\|labels=no}}, literally "bureaucrats' speech"),{{sfnp\|Mair\|2013\|p=737}} which referred to [[Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)\|Imperial Mandarin]].{{sfnp\|Mair\|1991\|pp=11–12}}		The term "Mandarin" is a translation of ''Guānhuà'' ({{zh\|s=官话\|t=官話\|labels=no}}, literally "bureaucrats' speech"),{{sfnp\|Mair\|2013\|p=737}} which referred to [[Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)\|Imperial Mandarin]].{{sfnp\|Mair\|1991\|pp=11–12}}
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	Usage of the term ''Pǔtōnghuà'' (common tongue) deliberately avoided calling the language "the national language," in order to mitigate the impression of forcing ethnic minorities to adopt the language of the dominant ethnic group. Such concerns were first raised by [[Qu Qiubai]] in 1931, an [[Chinese Communist Party#Founding and early history (1921–1927)\|early Chinese communist revolutionary leader]]. His concern echoed within the Communist Party, which adopted the name Putonghua in 1955.<ref>{{cite journal\|title=恢复"国语名"称的建议为何不被接受_──《国家通用语言文字法》学习中的探讨和思考\|journal=社会科学论坛\|date=2011\|issue=10\|author=曹德和\|language=zh}}</ref><ref>Yuan, Zhongrui. (2008) "[http://www.china-language.gov.cn/63/2008_3_10/1_63_3387_0_1205124588468.html 国语、普通话、华语] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426051531/http://www.china-language.gov.cn/63/2008_3_10/1_63_3387_0_1205124588468.html \|date=26 April 2009 }} (Guoyu, Putonghua, Huayu)". ''China Language'' National Language Committee, People's Republic of China</ref> Since 1949, usage of the word ''Guóyǔ'' was phased out in the PRC, only surviving in established compound nouns, e.g. ''Guóyǔ liúxíng yīnyuè'' (国语流行音乐, colloquially [[Mandarin pop]]), ''Guóyǔ piān'' or ''Guóyǔ diànyǐng'' (国语片/国语电影, colloquially [[Chinese cinema\|Mandarin cinema]]).		Usage of the term ''Pǔtōnghuà'' (common tongue) deliberately avoided calling the language "the national language," in order to mitigate the impression of forcing ethnic minorities to adopt the language of the dominant ethnic group. Such concerns were first raised by [[Qu Qiubai]] in 1931, an [[Chinese Communist Party#Founding and early history (1921–1927)\|early Chinese communist revolutionary leader]]. His concern echoed within the Communist Party, which adopted the name Putonghua in 1955.<ref>{{cite journal\|title=恢复"国语名"称的建议为何不被接受_──《国家通用语言文字法》学习中的探讨和思考\|journal=社会科学论坛\|date=2011\|issue=10\|author=曹德和\|language=zh}}</ref><ref>Yuan, Zhongrui. (2008) "[http://www.china-language.gov.cn/63/2008_3_10/1_63_3387_0_1205124588468.html 国语、普通话、华语] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426051531/http://www.china-language.gov.cn/63/2008_3_10/1_63_3387_0_1205124588468.html \|date=26 April 2009 }} (Guoyu, Putonghua, Huayu)". ''China Language'' National Language Committee, People's Republic of China</ref> Since 1949, usage of the word ''Guóyǔ'' was phased out in the PRC, only surviving in established compound nouns, e.g. ''Guóyǔ liúxíng yīnyuè'' (国语流行音乐, colloquially [[Mandarin pop]]), ''Guóyǔ piān'' or ''Guóyǔ diànyǐng'' (国语片/国语电影, colloquially [[Chinese cinema\|Mandarin cinema]]).

	In Taiwan, ''Guóyǔ'' (the national language) has been the colloquial term for Standard Northern Mandarin. In 2017 and 2018, the Taiwanese government introduced two laws to explicitly recognize indigenous [[Formosan languages]]<ref>{{cite book\|trans-title=Indigenous Languages Development Act\|title=原住民族語言發展法\|author=Sponsored by [[Council of Indigenous Peoples]]\|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0130037\|publisher=[[Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China]], the Ministry of Justice\|date=2017-06-14\|quote=Indigenous languages are national languages. To carry out historical justice, promote the preservation and development of indigenous languages, and secure indigenous language usage and heritage, this act is enacted according to... [原住民族語言為國家語言，為實現歷史正義，促進原住民族語言之保存與發展，保障原住民族語言之使用及傳承，依...]}}</ref><ref name="Wang Baijian2018"/> and [[Hakka Chinese\|Hakka]]<ref>{{cite book\|trans-title=Hakka Basic Act\|title=客家基本法\|author=Sponsored by [[Hakka Affairs Council]]\|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0140005\|publisher=[[Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China]], the Ministry of Justice\|date=2018-01-31\|quote=Hakka language is one of the national languages, equal to the languages of other ethnic groups. The people shall be given guarantee on their right to study in Hakka language and use it in enjoying public services and partaking of the dissemination of resources. [客語為國家語言之一，與各族群語言平等。人民以客語作為學習語言、接近使用公共服務及傳播資源等權利，應予保障。]}}</ref><ref name="Wang Baijian2018">{{cite journal\|title=客家基本法之制定與發展：兼論 2018 年修法重點\|last=王保鍵\|journal=文官制度季刊\|volume=10\|issue=3\|date=2018\|pages=89, 92–96\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105103333/https://ws.exam.gov.tw/001/Upload/15/attachment/12083/38483/882416282671.pdf\|archive-date=2020-11-05\|url=https://ws.exam.gov.tw/001/Upload/15/attachment/12083/38483/882416282671.pdf}}</ref> to be the "'''Language<u>s</u> of the nation'''" (國家語言, note the [[plural]] form) along with Standard Northern Mandarin. Since then, there have been efforts to [[reappropriation\|reclaim the term]] "national language" (''Guóyǔ'') to encompass all "languages of the nation" rather than exclusively referring to Standard Northern Mandarin.		In Taiwan, ''Guóyǔ'' (the national language) has been the colloquial term for Standard Northern Mandarin. In 2017 and 2018, the Taiwanese government introduced two laws to explicitly recognize indigenous [[Formosan languages]]<ref>{{cite book\|trans-title=Indigenous Languages Development Act\|title=原住民族語言發展法\|author=Sponsored by [[Council of Indigenous Peoples]]\|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0130037\|publisher=[[Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China]], the Ministry of Justice\|date=2017-06-14\|quote=Indigenous languages are national languages. To carry out historical justice, promote the preservation and development of indigenous languages, and secure indigenous language usage and heritage, this act is enacted according to... [原住民族語言為國家語言，為實現歷史正義，促進原住民族語言之保存與發展，保障原住民族語言之使用及傳承，依...]}}</ref><ref name="Wang Baijian2018"/> and [[Hakka Chinese\|Hakka]]<ref name="Wang Baijian2018">{{cite journal\|title=客家基本法之制定與發展：兼論 2018 年修法重點\|last=王保鍵\|journal=文官制度季刊\|volume=10\|issue=3\|date=2018\|pages=89, 92–96\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105103333/https://ws.exam.gov.tw/001/Upload/15/attachment/12083/38483/882416282671.pdf\|archive-date=2020-11-05\|url=https://ws.exam.gov.tw/001/Upload/15/attachment/12083/38483/882416282671.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|trans-title=Hakka Basic Act\|title=客家基本法\|author=Sponsored by [[Hakka Affairs Council]]\|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0140005\|publisher=[[Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China]], the Ministry of Justice\|date=2018-01-31\|quote=Hakka language is one of the national languages, equal to the languages of other ethnic groups. The people shall be given guarantee on their right to study in Hakka language and use it in enjoying public services and partaking of the dissemination of resources. [客語為國家語言之一，與各族群語言平等。人民以客語作為學習語言、接近使用公共服務及傳播資源等權利，應予保障。]}}</ref> to be the "'''Language<u>s</u> of the nation'''" (國家語言, note the [[plural]] form) along with Standard Northern Mandarin. Since then, there have been efforts to [[reappropriation\|reclaim the term]] "national language" (''Guóyǔ'') to encompass all "languages of the nation" rather than exclusively referring to Standard Northern Mandarin.

	====Hanyu and Zhongwen====		====Hanyu and Zhongwen====

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#REDIRECT [[Standard Chinese]]

Standard Mandarin - Revision history

CleanupBot: clean up, removed: {{pp-semi-indef}}

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