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{{Short description|Mass killings of medical staff and POWs by Japanese troops in Hong Kong during World War II}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Chinese
|t=聖士提反書院大屠殺
|s=圣士提反书院大屠杀
|j=Sing3 si6 tai4 faan2 syu1 jyun6*2 daai6 tou4 saat3
|y=Sing sih tàih fáan syū yuhn daaih tòuh saat
|p=Shèng Shìtífǎn Shūyuàn Dàtúshā
}}
The '''St. Stephen's College massacre''' involved a series of war crimes committed by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] on 25 December 1941 during the [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong]] at [[St Stephen's College (Hong Kong)|St Stephen's College]].

==Incident==
Several hours before the British surrendered on [[Christmas day]] at the end of the [[Battle of Hong Kong]], Japanese soldiers entered St. Stephen's College, which was being used as a hospital on the front line at the time.<ref name=Roland>{{cite journal|last=Roland|first=Charles G.|title=Massacre and Rape in Hong Kong: Two Case Studies Involving Medical Personnel and Patients|journal=[[Journal of Contemporary History]]|date=January 1997|volume=32|issue=1|pages=52–61|jstor=261075|doi=10.1177/002200949703200104|s2cid=159971599}}</ref><ref name="Lim">{{cite book |title= Discovering Hong Kong's Cultural Heritage: Hong Kong Island and Kowloon|last= Lim|first= Patricia Pui Huen|year= 2002|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|isbn= 9780195927238|page=73}}</ref> The Japanese were met by two doctors, Black and Witney, who were marched away, and were later found dead and mutilated.<ref name="Roland" /><ref name="Lim" /> They then burst into the wards and [[bayonet]]ed a number of British, Canadian and Indian wounded soldiers who were incapable of hiding.<ref name="Roland" /> The survivors and their nurses were imprisoned in two rooms upstairs. Later, a second wave of Japanese troops arrived after the fighting had moved further south, away from the school. They removed two Canadians from one of the rooms, and mutilated and killed them outside. Many of the nurses next door were then dragged off to be [[gang raped]], and later found mutilated.<ref name="Roland" /><ref name="Lim" /><ref>[[Dew, Josie]]. (2002). ''The Sun in My Eyes: Two-Wheeling East''. Warner Books publishing. {{ISBN|0-7515-3018-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7515-3018-6}}. p 184.</ref> The following morning, after the surrender, the Japanese ordered that all these bodies should be cremated just outside the hall. Other soldiers who had died in the defence of Stanley were burned with those killed in the massacre, making well over 100 altogether.<ref name="Roland" />

==Aftermath==
When the college and the grounds of Stanley Prison became a [[Stanley Internment Camp|civilian internment camp]], the internees gathered up the burnt remains, shards of bones, buttons and charred effects from the cremation, and then buried them. A gravestone marks the spot where these items were interred at [[Stanley Military Cemetery|Stanley Cemetery]].<ref name="Lim" />

Lieutenant General [[Takeo Itō]] (伊東武夫), the commander of the [[38th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|38 Infantry Division]] during the incident, was held responsible for the atrocity committed by the unit. He was found guilty on the Military Court for the Trial of War Criminals at 1948 and sentenced to twelve years of imprisonment.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Linton|first1=Suzannah|last2=HKU Libraries|date=|title=WO235/1107|url=https://hkwctc.lib.hku.hk/exhibits/show/hkwctc/documents/item/82|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Hong Kong’s War Crimes Trials Collection}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ssc.edu.hk/ssctrail/eng/trail.html St Stephen's college trail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814191919/http://www.ssc.edu.hk/ssctrail/eng/trail.html |date=14 August 2018 }}
* [http://blog.xuite.net/nickel_deja/hkblog/177072927-聖士提反屠殺記+%28警告-含令人不適暴力內容%29 (in Chinese) Confession of a Japanese soldier who participated in the cannibalism & rape of medical staff at St Stephen's , September 2012]

{{coord missing|Hong Kong}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:St. Stephen's College Incident}}
[[Category:Massacres in 1941]]
[[Category:Japanese occupation of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Japanese war crimes]]
[[Category:Massacres committed by Japan]]
[[Category:1941 in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Massacres in China]]
[[Category:Rape in China]]
[[Category:Gang rape in Asia]]
[[Category:Second Sino-Japanese War crimes]]
[[Category:Wartime sexual violence in World War II]]
[[Category:December 1941 events]]
[[Category:Battle of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:School massacres in Asia]]
[[Category:Murder in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Attacks on schools in China]]
[[Category:Mass Murder in Hong Kong]]

{{World-War-II-stub}}

St. Stephen's College massacre - Revision history

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