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	'''St. Mark's Cathedral''', dedicated to [[Mark the Evangelist\|Saint Mark the Evangelist]], is the [[cathedral]] ([[mother church\|Ecclesia Matar]]) of the [[Diocese of Central Karnataka of the Church of South India\|Diocese of Central Karnataka]] of the [[Church of South India]]. The cathedral [[church (building)\|church]], noted for its [[English Baroque]] architecture inspired by the 17th century [[St Paul's Cathedral]], is located at the west end of Mahatma Gandhi Road, [[Lavelle Road#MacIver Town\|MacIver Town]], [[Bangalore]].		'''St. Mark's Cathedral''', dedicated to [[Mark the Evangelist\|Saint Mark the Evangelist]], is the [[cathedral]] ([[mother church\|Ecclesia Matar]]) of the [[Diocese of Central Karnataka of the Church of South India\|Diocese of Central Karnataka]] of the [[Church of South India]]. The cathedral [[church (building)\|church]], noted for its [[English Baroque]] architecture inspired by the 17th century [[St Paul's Cathedral]], is located at the west end of Mahatma Gandhi Road, [[Lavelle Road#MacIver Town\|MacIver Town]], [[Bangalore]].

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{{other uses|Saint Mark's Cathedral (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox church
| name = St Mark's Cathedral
| fullname = Saint Mark's Cathedral
| image = St. Marks Cathedral, Bangalore. (Old Postcard Re-print), India Post (2014).jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| landscape =
| caption = St. Marks Cathedral, Bangalore
| pushpin map =
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| coordinates = {{coord|12.9760281|77.6001531|region:IND|format=dms|display=title}}
| osgraw = 
| osgridref = 
| location = [[Bangalore]]
| country = [[India]]
| denomination = [[Church of South India]]
| tradition = [[Anglicanism]]
| membership =
| website = [http://www.saintmarks.in/ www.saintmarks.in]
| former name =
| bull date =
| consecrated date = 1816
| people =
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| style = [[English Baroque]]
| years built = 1808-1812
| groundbreaking = 1808
| completed date = 1812
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| diocese = [[Diocese of Central Karnataka of the Church of South India|Karnataka Central Diocese]]
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{{Portal|United Kingdom|India}}

'''St. Mark's Cathedral''', dedicated to [[Mark the Evangelist|Saint Mark the Evangelist]], is the [[cathedral]] ([[mother church|Ecclesia Matar]]) of the [[Diocese of Central Karnataka of the Church of South India|Diocese of Central Karnataka]] of the [[Church of South India]]. The cathedral [[church (building)|church]], noted for its [[English Baroque]] architecture inspired by the 17th century [[St Paul's Cathedral]], is located at the west end of Mahatma Gandhi Road, [[Lavelle Road#MacIver Town|MacIver Town]], [[Bangalore]].

Founded in 1808, the cathedral celebrated its 200 years bicentenary in 2007-8.<ref name=St.Marks>{{cite web|title=History of St.Marks Cathedral|url=http://www.saintmarks.in/our-history.html|website=St. Marks Cathedral|accessdate=27 January 2015|date=2022}}</ref><ref name=GardenCity>{{cite web|title=St. Marks Cathedral Bangalore|url=http://www.bangaloreindia.org.uk/religious-places/st-marks-cathedral.html|website=Bangalore: The Garden City|accessdate=27 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=Hindu-2014 /> The cathedral is open for all people irrespective of religion or faith.<ref name=HolidayIQ>{{cite web|title=St. Mark's Cathedral|url=http://www.holidayiq.com/St-Marks-Cathedral-Bangalore-Sightseeing-293-18178.html|website=Holiday IQ|accessdate=27 January 2015|date=2022}}</ref>

==History==
The foundation stone was laid in 1808, and construction was completed in 1812.<ref name=Birthright>{{cite book|last1=D'Souza|first1=Frank S|title=The Anonymous Birthright|date=25 November 2013|publisher=Author House|isbn=978-1491884706|page=195|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxDAgAAQBAJ&q=st+mark%27s+cathedral+bangalore+the+hindu&pg=PA195|accessdate=27 January 2022}}</ref> The church was consecrated by the Bishop of Calcutta in 1816.<ref name=St.Marks /> The church was expanded in 1901, and went through reconstruction in 1927.<ref name=GardenCity /> The church had its beginnings as a [[garrison church|garrison Anglican church]]. It became part of the [[Church of South India]] after [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence]] in 1947, going on to be the Cathedral of the [[Diocese of Central Karnataka of the Church of South India|Karnataka Central Diocese]] in 1961.<ref name=Raghuram-Hindu>{{cite news|last1=Raghuram|first1=M|title=St. Mark's Cathedral gearing up for bicentennial bash|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/st-marks-cathedral-gearing-up-for-bicentennial-bash/article1914673.ece|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=The Hindu|date=21 September 2022}}</ref>

When it began as a garrison church in 1808 of the [[Madras Army]] of the [[East India Company]], it had a seating capacity of 400. As a result of the number of members growing to 2000, a new building was constructed in August 1902, with a seating capacity of 700. However, this new church building collapsed, and had to be rebuilt again in 1906. On 17 February 1923, the church building was ravaged by fire (caused by short circuit)<ref name=Hindu-2014>{{cite news|title=Marking past in the present|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/marking-past-in-the-present/article5926517.ece|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 April 2022}}</ref><ref name=IndiaToday /> and restoration had to take place. However, as the renovation works were about to be completed in February 1924, the church building again collapsed. Reconstruction of the church started in 1926 and was completed in 1927.<ref name=Patrao-DH>{{cite news|last1=Patrao|first1=Michael|title=Mark of a majestic cathedral|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec212004/spt5.asp|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=21 December 2022}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="200px">
File:Kenneth Anderson - 1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore 01.jpg|1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral - Kenneth Anderson
File:Kenneth Anderson - 1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore 02.jpg|1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral - Kenneth Anderson
File:Kenneth Anderson - 1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore 03.jpg|1923 Fire Damage, St. Mark's Cathedral - Kenneth Anderson
</gallery>

After the church was damaged in fire in 1923, the congregation temporarily worshipped at the [[St. Andrew's Church, Bangalore|St. Andrew's Kirk]], Cubbon Road, till St. Marks's was rebuilt in 1927.<ref name=Church>{{cite web|title=Brief Historical Sketch of the St. Andrew's Church over the Years from 1864|url=http://standrewschurch.org.in/brief_history.html|website=St. Andrew's Church|accessdate=28 January 2015|date=2022}}</ref>

The first Indian Presbyter of the cathedral was Rev H F J Daniel, who was installed as the Presbyter-in-charge in 1961.<ref name=Patrao-DH />

==Military Heritage==
The military colours of the [[77th Moplah Rifles]] infantry Regiment, after disbandment (1907) are displayed on the west wall of St. Marks. There is also a memorial for the lives lost in the [[Malabar rebellion|Moplah revolt]]. There are also memorial plaques for several British officers who lost their lives in the [[Bangalore Cantonment]].<ref name=IndiaToday />

There is also a memorial plaque for Lt.-Col Sir Walter Scott, 2nd Baronet, who died at sea in 1847, and was the nephew of Scottish writer [[Walter Scott|Sir Walter Scott]]<ref name=Scot>{{cite web|title=St. Mark's Church, Bangalore|url=http://www.tigerandthistle.net/india55.htm|website=The Tiger and the Thistle|publisher=The National Galleries of Scotland|accessdate=28 January 2015|date=2000}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:77th Moplah Rifles Colours 01.jpg|The Colours of the [[77th Moplah Rifles]] with the Royal Mace
File:77th Moplah Rifles Colours 02.jpg|The Colours of the [[77th Moplah Rifles]]
File:Moplah Revolt Memorial.jpg|Memorial for the Officers and Men of the [[Dorset Regiment]], who lost their lives in the [[Malabar rebellion|Moplah Revolt]]
</gallery>

==Architecture==
The cathedral is a beautiful colonial style, modelled on the lines of the [[St Paul's Cathedral]], [[London]], with a dome, semi-circular chancel and roman arches. The entrance of the cathedral has elaborate wood work with ornate carvings. The ceilings and the domes are majestically done.<ref name=St.Marks /> The bell is the amongst the most well maintained church bells in India. The stained glasswork adds to the beauty of the cathedral.<ref name=GardenCity /><ref name=DH>{{cite news|title=From the pages of history...|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec232008/spectrum20081222108248.asp|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=23 December 2022}}</ref><ref name=Dutta>{{cite news|last1=Dutta|first1=Ayandrali|title=The Glory of Churches This Christmas|url=http://timescity.com/blog/churches-in-india/|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=Times of India|date=18 December 2022}}</ref>

The church measures 100 * 53 * 20 ft<sup>3</sup>, and was the only government (Government of the British [[Madras Presidency]]) church in Bangalore. The extension in 1901, was also funded by the Government of British India. The renovated church was dedicated on 26 August 1902 by Bishop Whitehead of Madras. The stained glass was created by M/s Sreenivasulu Naidu & Sons, Madras. The stained glass on the west facing window was created by the architect of St. Dunstan's Society, England and cost INR 4500<ref name=Calendar2013>{{cite book|title=St. Mark's Celebrating Grace and Truth|date=2013|publisher=St. Mark's Cathedral|location=Bangalore|url=http://saintmarks.in/pew/Calendar-2013.pdf|accessdate=29 January 2022}}</ref>

The cathedral is an architectural marvel, but it is not something which happened overnight. Different architectural styles have been adopted during successive restoration and reconstruction work. As a result, the cathedral has a mixture of different architecture. Italian Marble from [[Genoa]] has been used in designing the pulpit and the font used for baby baptisms.<ref name=Patrao-DH /> The marble pulpit was created out by M/s Snaize & Co., and Bishop Tubbs of [[Palamcottah|Palayamkottai]] was the first to preach on the marble pulpit on 1 July 1928, delivering the sermon 'The reunion of Christendom'. The Brass lectern (eagle with spread wings on the globe) was presented by some planters of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] in 1903, in memory of Harry Alexander Campbell and Montague Beaden Follett of Lumsden's Horse Regiment who died in the [[Second Boer War|Boer Conflicts of South Africa]]. The bible on the lectern was presented by Mrs. Laura Amelia Amaller.<ref name=Calendar2013 />

However, in the late 1800s, an Indian ecclesiastical historian, described St. Marks church building as the ugliest ever constructed.<ref name=IndiaToday>{{cite magazine|last1=David|first1=Stephen|title=200 years of Bangalore's oldest Christian landmark|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/200+years+of+Bangalore's+oldest+Christian+landmark/1/24820.html|accessdate=27 January 2015|magazine=India Today|date=9 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=Coughlin>{{cite book|last1=Coughlin|first1=Con|title=Churchill's First War|date=1 April 2013|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-1743511893|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xxE-G2dGiGMC&q=st+mark%27s+cathedral+bangalore+the+hindu&pg=PP79|accessdate=27 January 2022}}</ref> It has seen grown into a beautiful church with some unique architectural features.<ref name=Real-Estate>{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Garima|title=St Marks Church, Bangalore|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHcSKApfRE4|accessdate=1 February 2015|publisher=Real Estate Television|date=13 February 2022}}</ref>

==Pipe Organ==
The pipe organ of the St. Mark's Cathedral was installed in 1929, as a gift by Avis F Cowdrey of the Cowdrey family (father of cricketer [[Colin Cowdrey|Michael Colin Cowdrey]]), in memory of his parents.<ref name=Patrao-DH /><ref name=Nina-DH /><ref name=Organ-Hindu>{{cite news|last1=Raghuram|first1=M|title=80-year-old organ comes alive|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/80yearold-organ-comes-alive/article1925854.ece|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 October 2022}}</ref> The organ is designed by two British builders, with only the metal pipes being built in England. The other parts were made from teak, and built in Bangalore, supervised by Herbert Norman, agent of the British firm in India.<ref name=Nina-DH /> It fell into disrepair, and was not used for many years, till it was repaired by Swiss experts at a cost of INR 5 million. The repaired pipe organ is a major draw for the musicians, and has also inspired repair works at the [[St Andrew's Church, Chennai|St. Andrew's Kirk]] and [[St. George's Cathedral, Chennai|St. George's Cathedral]] in [[Chennai]].<ref name=Raghuram-Hindu />

In order to restore the organ, the then presbyter Vincent Rajkumar had coordinated a committee of experts.<ref name=Organ-Hindu /> The organ was restored by the Orgelbau Felsberg Corporation, Switzerland, with organ builder Richard Freytah, and his colleagues Stefan Riniker and Hans Sievi. The restoration involved replacement of all the bellows, pipes, small trumpet and the blower, and converting keyboard to electric. The restoration took 4 months.<ref name=Nina-DH>{{cite news|last1=George|first1=Nina C|title=New notes from the old pipe at St Mark's|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/nov62006/metromon1941322006115.asp|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=6 November 2022}}</ref>

==School of Church Music==
The St Mark's Ecumenical Centre for church Music, located at the cathedral was established in 1990, with the intention of training musicians and music enthusiasts, on church music. It is open for all people, irrespective of affiliations of religion, denomination or church. The candidates prepare for the [[London College of Music Examinations|Trinity College of Music and Royal School of Music examinations]] in violin, piano, music theory and singing.<ref name=Patrao-DH />

==Mission==
The cathedral has adopted several slums at Tilak Nagar, Ragigudda, Baglur Layout, Lazar layout and Lingarajpuram. The church also sends young people on study missions to [[Jaffna]] (Sri Lanka), [[Jharkhand]] and [[Haridwar|Hardwar]]. The church has also started a community college with a tailoring institute at the slums of [[Baiyyappanahalli]], a senior citizen home in the city and a resource mobilization centre also in the city.<ref name=Raghuram-Hindu /> The church also runs a rural medical health centre at Hunsanahalli in the Kanakapura taluk.<ref name=Patrao-DH />

The church also invites leaders of other religious faiths to speak on the theme of peace, in its annual Festival of Peace music festival.<ref name=Patrao-DH />

==Other Contributions==
Rev. R Posnett, the assistant chaplain of St. Mark's church, was instrumental in establishing the [[St. John's Church, Bangalore|St. John's Church]], Clevaland Town, [[Bangalore Cantonment]] in the early 1850s.<ref name=Achanta-DH>{{cite news|last1=Achanta|first1=Pushpa|title=Testimony to a rich past|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/308227/archives.php|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=29 January 2022}}</ref> The clergy (Rev. George Trevor<ref name=CE>{{cite journal|editor1-last=Burns|editor1-first=J|title=Colonial Church|journal=The Church of England Magazine|date=1840|volume=9|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRURAAAAIAAJ&q=st+pauls+church+bangalore&pg=PA7|accessdate=30 January 2015|publisher=Church Pastoral-aid Society, London|location=London}}</ref>) of St. Marks Cathedral also helped establish the [[St. Paul's Church, Bangalore|St. Paul's Church]], on Old Poor House Road, [[Bangalore Cantonment|Bangalore Civil and Military Station]], for the Tamil speaking believers.<ref name=Ecclesiastical>{{cite journal|last1=Rev. Dr. Russell|title=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|journal=The Ecclesiastical Gazette - Monthly Register of the Affairs of the Church of England|date=June 1840|volume=1|page=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5sOAAAAQAAJ&q=st+pauls+bangalore+george+trevor&pg=RA1-PA246|accessdate=9 February 2015|publisher=Charles Cox|location=London}}</ref> The church was built in the premises of the St. Paul's Tamil medium primary school (established in 1835, continued to function till 1900).<ref name=Pauls-Hindu>{{cite news|title=St. Paul's church to celebrate 175 years|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/st-pauls-church-to-celebrate-175-years/article5963719.ece|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|newspaper=The Hindu|date=1 May 2022}}</ref> Rev. WW Lutyens, established the Holy Trinity Church in 1850, at the other end of the South Parade. The house of Rev S.T. Pettigrew, chaplain of St. Marks was used to establish the Bishop Cottons's School.<ref name=IndiaToday />

==Sunday Services==
First day of every month-Holy Communion 7 am

Sundays
* 7:00 am Holy Communion Services (Said)
* 8:30 am Holy Communion Services (Sung)
* 10:30 am Holy Communion Services (Said)
* 6:15 pm Evensong
* First Sunday (Holy Communion)<ref name=Services>{{cite web|title=Sunday Services|url=http://www.saintmarks.in/our-services.html|website=St Marks Cathedral|accessdate=27 January 2022}}</ref>

==Vintage Gallery==
A [[Raphael Tuck & Sons|Tuck's]] Post card, published in 1930, could not be unfortunately displayed here, due to licensing issues. It can be seen at this link [http://tuckdb.org/pictures/117485 St. Mark's Church, Bangalore]

<gallery class="center" mode="packed-overlay" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:St_Marks_Church_From_Cubbon_Park_Bangalore.jpg|St. Mark's Church, From [[Cubbon Park]], Bangalore, by JB Mac George (1918). [[Statue of Queen Victoria, Bangalore|Statue of Queen Victoria]] can also be seen.
File:St. Mark's Church and Band Stand, Bangalore (1870). 'Views in Bangalore', of the Vibart Collection, by Albert Thomas.jpg|St. Mark's Church and Band Stand, Bangalore (1870). 'Views in Bangalore', of the Vibart Collection, by Albert Thomas
</gallery>

<gallery class="center" mode="packed-overlay" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:St. Marks, Bangalore (Penny, 1912, p.72).png|St. Mark's Church, Bangalore, from 'The Church in Madras, Volume II' by Rev. Frank Penny<ref name=Penny1912>{{cite book|last1=Penny|first1=Frank|title=The Church in Madras : being the History of the Ecclesiastical and Missionary Action of the East India Company in the Presidency of Madras From 1805 to 1835: Volume II|date=1912|publisher=John Murray|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/thechurchinmadra02unknuoft/page/n91 72]|url=https://archive.org/details/thechurchinmadra02unknuoft|accessdate=9 February 2022}}</ref>
File:Interiors of St. Marks, Bangalore (Penny, 1912, p.72).png|Interiors of St. Mark's Church, Bangalore, from 'The Church in Madras, Volume II' by Rev. Frank Penny<ref name=Penny1912 />
File:St. Marks Church, Bangalore (Heightened and Lengthened) (Penny, 1912, p.76).png|St. Mark's Church, Bangalore (Heightened and Lengthened, 1912), from 'The Church in Madras, Volume II' by Rev. Frank Penny<ref name=Penny1912 />
</gallery>

<gallery class="center" mode="packed-overlay" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:St Mark's Church, Bangalore (1900), by C H Doveton.jpg|St Mark's Church, Bangalore (1900), by C. H. Doveton<ref name=Doveton>{{cite book|last1=Doveton|first1=C H|title=Picturesque Bangalore|date=1900|publisher=The Times Press|location=Bombay|url=http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=File:Bangalore._St_Mark's_Church.jpg|accessdate=27 January 2022}}</ref>
File:St. Marks Church, Bangalore (around 1912) - Tucks Postcard.jpg|St. Mark's Church, Bangalore (around 1912) - [[Raphael Tuck & Sons|Tucks]] Postcard<ref name=Tucks1>{{cite web|title=St. Marks Church|url=http://www.tuckdb.org/postcards/48864|website=TuckDB.org|accessdate=27 January 2022}}</ref>
File:St. Marks Cathedral, Bangalore. (Old Postcard Re-print), India Post (2014).jpg|St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore. (Old Postcard Re-print), India Post (2014)<ref name=Post>{{cite book|title=Heritage Bangalore|date=2014|publisher=India Post}}</ref>
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore}}
[[Category:Church of South India cathedrals]]
[[Category:Churches in Bangalore]]
[[Category:Bangalore Civil and Military Station]]
[[Category:Presbyterianism in India]]
[[Category:19th-century Anglican church buildings]]
[[Category:Cathedrals in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1808]]

St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore - Revision history

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