St. Angelo Fort - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:34, 20 June 2022
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			{{Short description\|Monument in south India}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2018}}
	{{about\|the fort in Kannur, India\|\|Castel Sant'Angelo (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the fort in Kannur, India\|\|Castel Sant'Angelo (disambiguation)}}{{confuse\|Fort St Angelo of Malta}}
	{{moresources\|date=July 2018}}		{{moresources\|date=July 2018}}
	{{Infobox historic site		{{Infobox historic site
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	}}		}}

	'''St. Angelo Fort''' (also known as '''Kannur Fort''' or '''Kannur Kotta''') is a fort facing the [[Arabian Sea]], situated 3 km from [[Kannur]], a city in [[Kerala]] state, [[south India]].		'''St. Angelo Fort''' (also known as '''Kannur Fort''' or '''Kannur Kotta''') is a fort facing the [[Arabian Sea]], situated 3 km from [[Canannore (Kannur)]], a city in [[Kerala]] state, [[south India]].

	==History==		==History==
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	{{coord\|11.854200\|75.371811\|type:landmark\|display=title}}		{{coord\|11.854200\|75.371811\|type:landmark\|display=title}}
			{{Forts and fortresses of the Portuguese empire}}
	{{Forts in India}}		{{Forts in India}}
	{{Tourism in Kerala}}		{{Tourism in Kerala}}

imported>Challiyan: /* Present status */

2021-07-04T15:17:27Z

Present status

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{about|the fort in Kannur, India||Castel Sant'Angelo (disambiguation)}}
{{moresources|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = St. Angelo Fort, [[Kannur]]
| native_language = [[Malayalam]]
| other_name = Fortaleza de Santo Ângelo de Cananor
| image = kannurfort3.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Inside the St. Angelos Fort
| designation1 =
| designation1_date = 1505
| designation1_number =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_free1name = State Party
| designation1_free1value = {{IND}}
| designation1_free2name = Region
| designation1_free2value =
| location = [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| elevation =
| built =
| architect =
| architecture =
| coordinates = {{coord|11.854200|75.371811|display=inline}}
| locmapin = India Kerala
| map_caption = Location in Northern end of Kerala, India
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
}}

'''St. Angelo Fort''' (also known as '''Kannur Fort''' or '''Kannur Kotta''') is a fort facing the [[Arabian Sea]], situated 3 km from [[Kannur]], a city in [[Kerala]] state, [[south India]].

==History==
[[File:Cannonore fort & Bay'; a watercolor by John Johnston, c.1795-1801.jpg|left|thumb|
Cannonore fort & Bay'; a watercolor by John Johnston, c.1795-1801
]]

In 1498, during [[Vasco da Gama]]'s visit to India, the local [[Kolathiri]] king granted the land to [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] to build a settlement in present-day Kerala. On 23 October 1505, he gave the Portuguese leader [[Francisco de Almeida]] the permission to build a fort at the site. The construction activity began the very next day, on 24 October 1505, when Goncalo Gil Barbosa - the Portuguese [[factor (agent)|factor]] of Cannanore (Kannur) - laid the foundation stone. The construction of the wooden fort was completed on 30 October 1505: its first Captain was Lourenco Britto, who led a garrison of 150 Portuguese men, and controlled two ships in the sea. After the fort was completed, Almeida began using the title "Viceroy", and in 1507, he started the construction of a stone fort at the site.<ref name="KMM_1988">{{cite book |author=K. M. Mathew |title=History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&pg=PA165 |year=1988 |publisher=Mittal |isbn=978-81-7099-046-8 |pages=165–166}}</ref>

The fort was later attacked in vain by the local Indian ruler Zamorin and Kolathiri in the [[Siege of Cannanore (1507)]].
[[File:Fort_at_Kannur.jpg|left|thumb|Fort at Kannur]]

In August 1509 Almeida, refusing to recognize [[Afonso de Albuquerque]]'s as the new Portuguese governor to supersede himself, arrested him in this fortress after having fought the naval [[Battle of Diu]]. Afonso de Albuquerque was released after six months' confinement, and become governor on the arrival of the grand-marshal of Portugal with a large fleet, in October 1509.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ricardo Bonalume |last=Neto |title=Lightning rod of Portuguese India | work=MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History | publisher=Cowles Enthusiast Media Spring | date=2002-04-01 |page=68 }}</ref>

The fort provided naval supplies for the [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] and the [[Portuguese–Mamluk naval war|Portuguese battles against Mamuluk]]. As the local Portuguese settlement at Kannur had no sources of revenue, the fort's expenses were met with funding from Goa, the seat of Portuguese rule in India.<ref name="KMM_1988"/>

On 15 February 1663, the [[Dutch India|Dutch]] captured the fort from the Portuguese.<ref name="KMM_1988"/> They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the [[Rijksmuseum Amsterdam]]. The Dutch sold the fort to king [[Ali Raja]] of [[Arakkal]] in 1772. In 1790 the British seized it and used it as their chief military station in Malabar until 1947.

The fort is in the Cannanore Cantonment area. It is fairly well preserved as a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India. St Angelo's fort is a most important historical monument and a popular tourist attraction. Six Tourism Policeman are posted here for protection duty.

In 2015, thousands of cannonballs weighing several kilos were discovered from the Fort premises. The [[Archaeological Survey of India]], which led the excavation, believes these were buried as part of military preparedness.

==Present status==

The ''[[Mappila Bay|Moppila Bay]] Harbor'' and ''[[Arakkal]] Mosque'' are near the fort. The fort is now well-maintained under the supervision of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Tourists are allowed entry to the fort every day of the week between 8 AM to 6 PM.

<gallery mode=packed heights=160 style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
File:St.angelo fort side view.jpg|St. Angelo Fort
File:Kannur Fort gate.jpg|The Fort Gate
File:Kannur-Fort-22.jpg|Kannur fort, inside view.
File:Kannur-Fort-10.JPG|The Grave stone of Dutch commandents wife and two children with Dutch inscruptions. 
File:Kannur-fort-27.jpg|The watch tower.
File:kannur-fort-19.jpg|The [[chapel]] inside the fort after the restoration.
File:Kannur fort chapel.jpg|chapel inside the fort different view
File:Kannur-fort-6.jpg|The stairway leads to the top of the fort wall. Note that the entire fort is made with [[laterite]] material.
File:Kannur-Fort-8.jpg|Remains of the early oil lamp [[Cannanore Lighthouse|lighthouse]] inside the fort.
File:Kannur-Fort-13.jpg|Inside view of the army barracks.
File:kannurfort9a.jpg|Another view from the top of the Stable.
File:Kannur-Fort-16.jpg|The old entrance to the fort
File:St. Angelo's Fort (4334331332).jpg|Entrance to the fort
File:Kannur-Fort-and-Arabian-Sea.jpg|Kannur Fort and Arabian Sea.
File:Kannur fort gun.JPG|A [[Cannon]] at Kannur fort.
File:Kannur fort.jpg|[[Cannon|Cannons]] at Kannur fort
File:Kannur fort entrance.JPG|Main entrance.
File:Kannur fort aerial view.JPG|View from the top.
File:St. Angelo Fort, Kannur.JPG|St. Angelo Fort, Kannur
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|St. Angelo Fort}}

{{coord|11.854200|75.371811|type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Forts in India}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}
{{Kannur |state=expanded}}

[[Category:Forts in Kerala]]
[[Category:Portuguese forts in India]]
[[Category:Colonial Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kannur]]
[[Category:Portuguese in Kerala]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kerala]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1505]]
[[Category:1505 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1500s establishments in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kannur district]]
[[Category:16th-century forts in India]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Kerala]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 6 March 2026
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	\| image = kannurfort3.JPG		\| image = kannurfort3.JPG
	\| image_size = 250px		\| image_size = 250px
	\| caption = Inside the St. ~~Angelos~~ Fort		\| caption = Inside the St. Angelo Fort
	\| designation1 =		\| designation1 =
	\| designation1_date = 1505		\| designation1_date = 1505
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	]]		]]

	In 1498, during [[Vasco da Gama]]'s visit to India, the local [[Kolathiri]] king granted the land to [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese]] to build a settlement in present-day Kerala. On 23 October 1505, he gave the Portuguese leader [[Francisco de Almeida]] the permission to build a fort at the site. The construction activity began the very next day, on 24 October 1505, when Goncalo Gil Barbosa - the Portuguese [[factor (agent)\|factor]] of Cannanore (Kannur) - laid the foundation stone. The construction of the wooden fort was completed on 30 October 1505: its first Captain was Lourenco Britto, who led a garrison of 150 Portuguese men, and controlled two ships in the sea. After the fort was completed, Almeida began using the title "Viceroy", and in 1507, he started the construction of a stone fort at the site.<ref name="KMM_1988">{{cite book \|author=K. M. Mathew \|title=History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&pg=PA165 \|year=1988 \|publisher=Mittal \|isbn=978-81-7099-046-8 \|pages=165–166}}</ref>		In 1498, during [[Vasco da Gama]]'s visit to India, the local [[Kolathiri]] king granted the land to [[Portuguese India\|Portuguese]] to build a settlement in present-day Kerala. On 23 October 1505, he gave the Portuguese leader [[Francisco de Almeida]] the permission to build a fort at the site. The construction activity began the very next day, on 24 October 1505, when Goncalo Gil Barbosa - the Portuguese [[factor (agent)\|factor]] of Cannanore (Kannur) - laid the foundation stone. The construction of the wooden fort was completed on 30 October 1505: its first Captain was Lourenco Britto, who led a garrison of 150 Portuguese men, and controlled two ships in the sea. After the fort was completed, Almeida began using the title "Viceroy", and in 1507 he started the construction of a stone fort at the site.<ref name="KMM_1988">{{cite book \|author=K. M. Mathew \|title=History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&pg=PA165 \|year=1988 \|publisher=Mittal \|isbn=978-81-7099-046-8 \|pages=165–166}}</ref>

	The fort was later attacked in vain by the local Indian ruler Zamorin and Kolathiri in the [[Siege of Cannanore (1507)]].		The fort was later attacked in vain by the local Indian ruler Zamorin and Kolathiri in the [[Siege of Cannanore (1507)]].
	[[File:Fort_at_Kannur.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Fort at Kannur]]		[[File:Fort_at_Kannur.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Fort at Kannur]]

	In August 1509 Almeida, refusing to recognize [[Afonso de Albuquerque]]'s as the new Portuguese governor to supersede himself, arrested him in this fortress after having fought the naval [[Battle of Diu]]. Afonso de Albuquerque was released after six months' confinement, and become governor on the arrival of the grand-marshal of Portugal with a large fleet, in October 1509.<ref>{{cite news \|first=Ricardo Bonalume \|last=Neto \|title=Lightning rod of Portuguese India \| work=MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History \| publisher=Cowles Enthusiast Media Spring \| date=2002-04-01 \|page=68 }}</ref>		In August 1509 Almeida, refusing to recognize [[Afonso de Albuquerque]]'s as the new Portuguese governor to supersede himself, arrested him in this fortress after having fought the naval [[Battle of Diu]]. Afonso de Albuquerque was released after six months' confinement and become governor on the arrival of the grand-marshal of Portugal with a large fleet, in October 1509.<ref>{{cite news \|first=Ricardo Bonalume \|last=Neto \|title=Lightning rod of Portuguese India \| work=MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History \| publisher=Cowles Enthusiast Media Spring \| date=2002-04-01 \|page=68 }}</ref>

	The fort provided naval supplies for the [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] and the [[Portuguese–Mamluk naval war\|Portuguese battles against ~~Mamuluk~~]]. As the local Portuguese settlement at Kannur had no sources of revenue, the fort's expenses were met with funding from Goa, the seat of Portuguese rule in India.<ref name="KMM_1988"/>		The fort provided naval supplies for the [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] and the [[Portuguese–Mamluk naval war\|Portuguese battles against the Mamluk]]. As the local Portuguese settlement at Kannur had no sources of revenue, the fort's expenses were met with funding from Goa, the seat of Portuguese rule in India.<ref name="KMM_1988"/>

	On 15 February 1663, the [[Dutch India\|Dutch]] captured the fort from the Portuguese.<ref name="KMM_1988"/> They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the [[Rijksmuseum Amsterdam]]. The Dutch sold the fort to king [[Ali Raja]] of [[Arakkal]] in 1772. In 1790 the British seized it and used it as their chief military station in Malabar until 1947.		On 15 February 1663, the [[Dutch India\|Dutch]] captured the fort from the Portuguese.<ref name="KMM_1988"/> They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the [[Rijksmuseum Amsterdam]]. The Dutch sold the fort to king [[Ali Raja]] of [[Arakkal]] in 1772. In 1790 the British seized it and used it as their chief military station in Malabar until 1947.
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	==Present status==		==Present status==

	The ''[[Mappila Bay\|Moppila Bay]] Harbor'' and ''[[Arakkal]] Mosque'' are near the fort. The fort is now well-maintained under the supervision of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. ~~Tourists are allowed entry to the~~ fort ~~every day of the week between 8 AM~~ to ~~6 PM~~.		The ''[[Mappila Bay\|Moppila Bay]] Harbor'' and ''[[Arakkal]] Mosque'' are near the fort. The fort is now well-maintained under the supervision of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. The fort is open to tourists.

	<gallery mode=packed heights=160 style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">		<gallery mode=packed heights=160 style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
	File:St.angelo fort side view.jpg\|St. Angelo Fort		File:St.angelo fort side view.jpg\|St. Angelo Fort
	File:Kannur Fort gate.jpg\|The Fort Gate		File:Kannur Fort gate.jpg\|The Fort Gate
	File:Kannur-Fort-22.jpg\|Kannur fort, inside view.		File:Kannur-Fort-22.jpg\|Kannur fort, inside view
	File:Kannur-Fort-10.JPG\|The Grave stone of Dutch commandents wife and two children with Dutch ~~inscruptions.~~ <!-- The writings deciphered by a Tourism Policeman named Sathyan Edakkad -->		File:Kannur-Fort-10.JPG\|The Grave stone of Dutch commandents wife and two children with Dutch inscriptions<!-- The writings deciphered by a Tourism Policeman named Sathyan Edakkad -->
	File:Kannur-fort-27.jpg\|The ~~watch tower.~~		File:Kannur-fort-27.jpg\|The watchtower
	File:kannur-fort-19.jpg\|The [[chapel]] inside the fort after the restoration.		File:kannur-fort-19.jpg\|The [[chapel]] inside the fort after the restoration
	File:Kannur fort chapel.jpg\|~~chapel~~ inside the fort different view		File:Kannur fort chapel.jpg\|Chapel inside the fort different view
	File:Kannur-fort-6.jpg\|The stairway leads to the top of the fort wall. Note that the entire fort is made with [[laterite]] material.		File:Kannur-fort-6.jpg\|The stairway leads to the top of the fort wall. Note that the entire fort is made with [[laterite]] material.
	File:Kannur-Fort-8.jpg\|Remains of the early oil lamp [[Cannanore Lighthouse\|lighthouse]] inside the fort.		File:Kannur-Fort-8.jpg\|Remains of the early oil lamp [[Cannanore Lighthouse\|lighthouse]] inside the fort
	File:Kannur-Fort-13.jpg\|Inside view of the army barracks.		File:Kannur-Fort-13.jpg\|Inside view of the army barracks
	File:kannurfort9a.jpg\|Another view from the top of the ~~Stable.~~		File:kannurfort9a.jpg\|Another view from the top of the stable
	File:Kannur-Fort-16.jpg\|The old entrance to the fort		File:Kannur-Fort-16.jpg\|The old entrance to the fort
	File:St. Angelo's Fort (4334331332).jpg\|Entrance to the fort		File:St. Angelo's Fort (4334331332).jpg\|Entrance to the fort
	File:Kannur-Fort-and-Arabian-Sea.jpg\|Kannur Fort and Arabian Sea.		File:Kannur-Fort-and-Arabian-Sea.jpg\|Kannur Fort and Arabian Sea
	File:Kannur fort gun.JPG\|A [[~~Cannon~~]] at Kannur fort.		File:Kannur fort gun.JPG\|A [[cannon]] at Kannur fort
	File:Kannur fort.jpg\|[[Cannon\|Cannons]] at Kannur fort		File:Kannur fort.jpg\|[[Cannon\|Cannons]] at Kannur fort
	File:Kannur fort entrance.JPG\|Main entrance.		File:Kannur fort entrance.JPG\|Main entrance
	File:Kannur fort aerial view.JPG\|View from the top.		File:Kannur fort aerial view.JPG\|View from the top
	File:St. Angelo Fort, Kannur.JPG\|St. Angelo Fort, Kannur		File:St. Angelo Fort, Kannur.JPG\|St. Angelo Fort, Kannur
	</gallery>		</gallery>
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	[[Category:Forts in Kerala]]		[[Category:Forts in Kerala]]
	[[Category:Portuguese forts in India]]		[[Category:Portuguese forts in India]]
	~~[[Category:Colonial Kerala]]~~
	[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kannur]]		[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kannur]]
	[[Category:Portuguese ~~in Kerala~~]]		[[Category:Portuguese India Armadas]]
	[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kerala]]		[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kerala]]
	[[Category:~~Infrastructure~~ completed in 1505]]		[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1505]]
	[[Category:1505 establishments in India]]		[[Category:1505 establishments in India]]
	[[Category:1500s establishments in Portuguese India]]		[[Category:1500s establishments in Portuguese India]]