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Politics

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{{About|a neighbourhood of [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Tamil Nadu]]|Hindu temple situated here|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Srirangam (Thiruvarangam)
| official_name = ஸ்ரீரங்கம்
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Aerial view of Sri Rangam temple near Tiruchirapalli 1.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aerial view of the Sriranganathaswamy Temple in Srirangam
| nickname = Thiruvarangam
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|10.87|N|78.68|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =City Municipal Corporation
| governing_body = [[Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation]]- Srirangam Zone
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 70
| population_total = 181556
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1= [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 620006
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91–431
| registration_plate = TN-48
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Tiruchirapalli
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Legislative Assembly]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Srirangam
| website = http://srirangam.org/ http://trichycorporation.gov.in
|
}}
'''Srirangam''' also known as '''Thiruvarangam''', is a island of the city of [[Tiruchirappalli]] and a part of Tiruchirappalli Metropolitan Area in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. A river island, Srirangam is bounded by the [[Kaveri River]] on one side and its [[distributary]] [[Kollidam]] on the other side. Considered as the first among the 108 [[Divya Desam|Divya Desams]], Srirangam is home to a significant population of [[Sri Vaishnavites]] (followers of Lord [[Vishnu]]).

==Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple==

[[File:Srirangam 1909.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The main ''[[gopuram]]'' of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam]]
[[File:Srirangam Temple Tiruchirapalli Gopuram.jpg|left|150px|thumb|The gopuram at Tiruchirappalli]]
[[File:View_of_the_gopurams_from_srirangam_by_Wandering_Fakhir.jpg|thumb|150px|left|View of 3 out of the 17 ''[[Gopuram]]'' at the Sriranganathaswamy Temple]]
Srirangam is famous for its [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple]], a major pilgrimage destination for [[Hindu]]s (especially [[Sri Vaishnavism|Srivaishnavites]]) and the largest temple complex in India.

According to the temple's website, Srirangam is can be considered the biggest functioning [[Hindu temple]] in the world, as it covers an area of about {{convert|631000|m2|sqft}} with a perimeter of 4 km (10,710 ft).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srirangam.org|title=Welcome to Sri Ranganathar Swamy Temple|work=srirangam.org}}</ref> [[Angkor Wat]] is bigger but non-functioning.

Srirangam among a few "[[Swayambhu|self-manifested]]" shrines (Swayam Vyakta Kshetras) of Lord [[Vishnu]]. The temple complex is enormous and spans {{convert|156|acre|km2}}. It has seven ''prakaras''' (enclosures). These enclosures are formed by thick and huge rampart walls which run round the sanctum. There are 21 magnificent towers in all ''prakaras'' providing a unique sight to any visitor. The temple town lies on an islet formed by the twin rivers Kaveri and Kollidam.

The Sriranganathaswamy Temple complex is composed of 7 concentric walled sections and 21 towers [[gopuram]].<ref name="India">India By Sarina Singh, Joe Bindloss, Paul Clammer, Janine Eberle</ref> The southern ''[[gopuram]]'' of the temple, called the ''Raja[[gopuram]]'', is 239.5 feet tall and, as of 2016, is the tallest in Asia. The construction of the Rajagopuram began during the reign of Achyuta Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara empire. However, construction was halted after his death and the structure of the Rajagopuram remained incomplete for over 400 years. The monumental task of completion of the Rajagopuram was undertaken and completed successfully by Sri Vedanta Desika Yatheendra Mahadesikan, the 44th jeeyar of Sri [[Ahobila Matha]]. The construction spanned 8 years before it was consecrated on 25 March 1987.

The temple has seven ''prakaras'' with [[gopurams]] articulating the axial path, the highest at the outermost ''prakara'' and the lowest at the innermost. In historic times, just after the construction of this temple, the city of Thiruvarangam lived completely within the walls of this temple and hence is quoted as an example of Hindu [[Utopia#Religious utopia|religious utopia]] {{en dash}} during its peak of existence.

The Thiruvarangam temple is one of the three temples of the God [[Ranganatha]] (Antya Ranga) that are situated in the natural islands formed in the Kaveri river. The other two are:

*Adi Ranga: the [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna|Ranganathaswamy temple]] at [[Srirangapattana]]
*Madhya Ranga: the [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Shivanasamudra)|Ranganathaswamy temple]] at [[Shivanasamudra]]

There is a [[gopuram]] fully made of gold, which is protected by an electrical fence. Clothes such as silk sarees, dhoti and towels, which are used for religious purposes are auctioned here.

[[Ramanuja]] (11th century), one of the most celebrated theologians of Hinduism, made his monastic home by the temple at Thiruvarangam. Here he wrote his famous commentaries on the ''[[Brahma Sutra]]'', which expressed a qualified non-dualism of the Vedanta, his [[Vishishtadvaita]].<ref>[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], ''Indian Philosophy'', volume 2 (London: George Allen Unwin 1923, rev'd 1929, 1940, reprint Oxford University 1989, 2006), pp. 659-662, 665-667.</ref> Ramanuja's body is said to come out of the Earth after he was buried and was preserved at this temple.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dheivegam.com/ramanujars-body-was-preserved/|title=Ramanujar body preserved inside Srirangam Temple|work=Ramanujar's preserved body info}}</ref> Although, Ramanujar hailed from [[Sriperumbudur]] and a pivotal point in his lifetime, receiving the Ashtakshara mantram, happened in [[Thirukoshtiyur]], he made Thiruvarangam his home after the demise of his Acharya in spirit, Alavanthar or Yamunacharya.

Inside the temple complex, there is a separate temple dedicated to the goddess [[Andal]]. Additionally, there is a museum, a library and a bookshop.

== Legend ==
Lord [[Rama]] performed aradhanam (pooja) to Vishnu's idol ([[Ranganatha|deity in a reclining posture]]). As a symbol of love he gave the idol to [[Vibhishana]] (brother of [[Ravana]] of the Hindu epic [[Ramayana]]) to take back with him to [[Lanka]]. There was a condition that he could not set the idol on earth and if he did it would seat itself permanently. Vibishan took this idol and while travelling towards Lanka, came upon the banks of the river Kaveri. He placed the idol on banks of river Kaveri, while an utsavam was in progress. When the utsavam got over, the Lord refused to move as he loved the place (Srirangam). When Vibhishan requested him to come along with him, the lord refused but promised to bless Vibhishana by always facing South (the direction of Lanka, home to Vibhishana). Hence it is due this reason the deity (in a reclining posture) faces South. The Chola kings [[Dharmavarcholan]] and [[Killivalavan]] developed the shrine into the big temple seen now, with contribution of valorous [[Thirumangai Alvar]] too. They built the basic foundations and main buildings.

After the rise of Vijayanagara Empire, Krishna Deva Raya realized the importance of this sacred city and treated it on par with Tirupati and bequeathed plenty of treasures, jewels and lands to the Srirangam temple. During his period the Srirangam temple was reformed and many plans were executed for its growth and welfare of the people.

== Economy ==

Due to the famous temple, Srirangam has a thriving economy based on tourism. Devotees come from all parts of India and abroad. The number of devotees to the town increases greatly during the festivals like [[Vaikunta Ekadashi]] which falls on the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] month of ''Marghazi'' (Margashirsha).

There are many other famous temples near Srirangam. They include [[Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort|Pillaiyar Rockfort]] temple, [[Samayapuram]] [[Mariamman]] temple, [[Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval|Tiruvaanaikovil]] temple, [[Vayalur]] Murugan temple, [[Uraiyur]] [[Vekkali Amman]] temple, [[Kattu Azhagiya]] Singar temple etc.<ref>[http://www.findmytemple.com/en/trichy/t244-kattu-azhagiya-singa-perumal,-srirangam Kattu Azhagiya Singa Perumal Temple, Sri Rangam, Trichy – Find My Temple – Temples of Tamil Nadu – Thanjavur, Madurai, Thiruvannamalai, Palani, Kumbakonam]</ref>

In addition along the banks of Kaveri in areas near Srirangam and [[Tiruchirappalli]] there are other famous temples of Lord [[Vishnu]] most of which house the reclining form of him, namely the Sri [[Vadivazhagiya Nambi Perumal]] Temple (Thiru Anbil) and housing the deity Appala [[Ranganatha]]r, also called the [[Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple|Appukudaththan]] Temple at [[Koviladi]].

Another temple of Lord [[Vishnu]] is at [[Tiruchirappalli]] itself, the Azhagiya Nambi Temple at [[Woraiyur]] which is part of the [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple]] at Srirangam.

Srirangam town is also home to several hundred people who work in offices and industries located in [[Tiruchirappalli]]. The public transport linking Srirangam to Tiruchirappalli (route #1) is very frequent.

== Schools ==

There are numerous schools, both private and public, in the town. The [[Higher Secondary School for Boys, Srirangam|Higher Secondary School for Boys]] was founded in 1896 and is the oldest one in the town. There is also a Higher Secondary School for girls which is almost as old as that of the boys. Srimad Andavan College, Chinmaya Vidyalaya Matric. School, Sri Akilandeswari Vidyalaya, Vignesh Sri Ranga Matriculation School, Sri Vaijayanthi Vidhyalaya, Sri Vageesha Vidhyashram Senior Secondary School etc., are other institutions in Srirangam. Most of the schools have English as a medium of instruction. Some have Tamil as a medium of instruction, and some have both. There are many school children who travel to nearby Trichy also.

==Transport==

===Air===
[[File:Aerial photograph of Srirangam Island between Kaveri and Kollidam rivers.JPG|thumb|left|280px|Srirangam as seen from the air]]
The nearest airport is [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport]].Tiruchirappalli Airport has connections to [[Chennai]], [[Singapore]], [[Dubai]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]], [[Colombo]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Bengaluru]] and [[Mumbai]] .

===Rail===
Srirangam has a railway station that can be reached from [[Chennai]] through any of the major trains travelling in the [[Chennai]]-[[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanyakumari]] railway track and the approximate journey time from [[Chennai]] is about 5 hours and 10 minutes (320 km). Only selected trains stop at Srirangam and rest at Tiruchirappalli junction. There is bus service from Tiruchirapalli Junction to Srirangam Temple every 5 minutes throughout the day. At night bus frequency is half an hour.

The [[Tiruchirappalli]] fort and Tiruchirapalli Junction which are at a distance of 2 km and 7 km respectively, serve as a connection point to many destinations in southern India, such as [[Thanjavur]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Chidambaram]], [[Madurai]], [[Tirupati]], [[Thoothukudi|Tuticorin]], [[Tenkasi]], [[Rameswaram]], [[Kollam]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Mysuru]], [[Kochi]], [[Kanyakumari]] and [[Mangalore]]. It also connects cities in the western part of India, such as [[Pune]], [[Surat]], [[Jodhpur]], [[Bikaner]] and [[Ahmedabad]], and some North Indian cities like [[New Delhi]] and [[Jammu]].

===Bus===
[[File:Trichy Kaveri Bridge.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Bridge Connecting Tiruchirappalli and Srirangam across [[Kaveri River]]]]
Trichy Central bus stand has direct services to most parts of Tamil Nadu. From the bus stand, tourists can avail local buses, taxi and autorickshaws to reach Srirangam.

City Bus service to all places of tourist interest from Central Bus Stand and from Chinthamani -Main Guard Gate Bus Stand (Both in Trichy). Tourist taxis and autorickshaws are also available at reasonable rates.

Route No. 1 of the City bus service runs between Srirangam and Central Bus stand. This route starts from Trichy Central Bus Stand and goes via Trichy Junction Railway Station, Palakkarai Rettai pillaiyar Kovil street, Main Guard Gate, Chatram Bus Stand, Cauvery River Bridge, Mambazha salai, Thiruvanaikkovil and ends at Srirangam Bus Stand near the Srirangam Therkku vaasal (South entrance to the temple).

There is a bus for every 5 minutes and the bus service is round the clock.

Buses TNSTC are originating from Srirangam to various places like Thiruvananthapuram, Chennai, Madurai, [[Kodaikanal]], etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://srirangaminfo.com/|title=Srirangam Info Exclusively|work=Srirangam's Complete Information}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tnstc.wordpress.com/2012/10/16/list-of-new-routes-added-by-setc-part-ii/
|title=List of new routes added by SETC – Part II|publisher=tnstc.wordpress.com|date=17 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tnstc.wordpress.com/2015/06/24/tnstc-bus-timings-from-srirangam/|title=TNSTC Bus Timings from Srirangam.|publisher=tnstc.wordpress.com|date=24 May 2015}}</ref>

== Climate ==
The climate of Trichy (and Srirangam) is Tropical. Average Temperature Range (°C): Summer- Max. {{convert|37.1|°C|1}} Min. {{convert|26.4|°C|1}}; Winter- Max. {{convert|31.3|°C|1}} Min. {{convert|20.6|°C|1}}; Rainfall: {{convert|835|mm|1}}

==Politics==
[[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam assembly constituency]] is a part of the [[Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency]]. The former chief minister of the state [[Jayalalithaa]] had represented this constituency.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-11
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2006-05-04}}</ref>
The Mutharaiyar, Devendrakula people, and Brahmins play a major role in Srirangam Assembly constituency, as a majority of voters are from this communities.<ref>{{cite news |
url=https://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/03/why-both-aiadmk-and-bjp-want-srirangam-
|title=Why both AIADMK and BJP want Srirangam | newspaper=The New Indian Express| first=JAYAKUMAR
| last=MADALA| date=3 March 2021 | access-date=}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{Tiruchirappalli}}
{{Tiruchirapalli district}}
{{Kaveri River}}
{{Hindu holy cities}}

[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods and suburbs of Tiruchirappalli]]

Srirangam - Revision history

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