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	<title>Sripur Area - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-06T18:21:30Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sripur_Area&amp;diff=321214&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)</title>
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		<updated>2021-10-05T01:50:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;robot: Update article (please &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/User_talk:UpdateBot&quot; title=&quot;User talk:UpdateBot&quot;&gt;report&lt;/a&gt; if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:20, 5 October 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l125&quot;&gt;Line 125:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 125:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Migrants==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Migrants==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Prior to the advent of coal mining, the entire region was a low-productive rice crop area in what was once a part of the [[Jungle Mahals]]. The ownership of land had passed on from local [[adivasi]]s to agricultural castes before mining started. However, the [[Santal people|Santhals]] and the [[Bauris]], referred to by the colonial administrators as &quot;traditional coal cutters of Raniganj&quot; remained attached to their lost land and left the mines for agricultural related work, which also was more remunerative. It forced the mine-owners to bring in outside labour, mostly from Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. In time the migrants dominated the mining and industrial scenario. The pauperization and alienation of the adivasis has been a major point of social concern.&amp;lt;ref name=illegalmining1/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://inet.vidyasagar.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1245/2/2.pdf  | title = Industrialisation and Emergence of Labour Force in Bengal during The Colonial Period: Its Socio-Economic Impact | first = Nirban |last= Basu | work = Vidyasagar University Journal of History|volume=1|date=2012–13 | accessdate = 11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Prior to the advent of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;coal mining&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, the entire region was a low-productive rice crop area in what was once a part of the [[Jungle Mahals]]. The ownership of land had passed on from local [[adivasi]]s to agricultural castes before mining started. However, the [[Santal people|Santhals]] and the [[Bauris]], referred to by the colonial administrators as &quot;traditional coal cutters of Raniganj&quot; remained attached to their lost land and left the mines for agricultural related work, which also was more remunerative. It forced the mine-owners to bring in outside labour, mostly from Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. In time the migrants dominated the mining and industrial scenario. The pauperization and alienation of the adivasis has been a major point of social concern.&amp;lt;ref name=illegalmining1/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://inet.vidyasagar.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1245/2/2.pdf  | title = Industrialisation and Emergence of Labour Force in Bengal during The Colonial Period: Its Socio-Economic Impact | first = Nirban |last= Basu | work = Vidyasagar University Journal of History|volume=1|date=2012–13 | accessdate = 11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Transport==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Transport==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>UpdateBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sripur_Area&amp;diff=157755&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>imported&gt;Sadads: Added {{Lead too short}} tag</title>
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		<updated>2021-03-01T02:51:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Added {{&lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Template:Lead_too_short&quot; title=&quot;Template:Lead too short&quot;&gt;Lead too short&lt;/a&gt;}} tag&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Other uses|Sripur (disambiguation){{!}}Sripur}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Lead too short|date=March 2021}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox mine&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sripur Area&lt;br /&gt;
| image =&lt;br /&gt;
| width =&lt;br /&gt;
| caption =&lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India&lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_label = Sripur Area&lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal&lt;br /&gt;
| coordinates = {{coord|23.684889|N|87.047754|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}&lt;br /&gt;
| place =  &lt;br /&gt;
| owner = [[Eastern Coalfields|Eastern Coalfields Limited]]&lt;br /&gt;
| official website = http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/&lt;br /&gt;
| acquisition year = &lt;br /&gt;
| stock_exchange =&lt;br /&gt;
| stock_code =&lt;br /&gt;
| products =&lt;br /&gt;
| financial year =&lt;br /&gt;
| amount =&lt;br /&gt;
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| closing year =&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sripur Area&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is one of the 14 operational areas of [[Eastern Coalfields|Eastern Coalfields Limited]] located in [[Asansol subdivision]] of [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Geography==&lt;br /&gt;
{{OSM Location map&lt;br /&gt;
| width=410| height=450| zoom=12&lt;br /&gt;
| coord={{coord|23|38|35|N|87|3|30|E}}| float=left|caption=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Collieries in Sripur and Satgram Areas of Eastern Coalfields&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;U: Undergroud Colliery, O: Open Cast Colliery, S: Mining support, A: Administrative headquarters&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|39|21|N|87|0|51|E}} | label-pos1=top|label1=Ghusick Colliery| numbered1=U| mark-title1= Ghusick Colliery (U)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|40|27|N|87|1|50|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Ningah Colliery| numbered2=U| mark-title2= Ningah Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|40|31|N|87|2|6|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=S.S.Incline| numbered3=U| mark-title3= S.S.Incline (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|42|17|N|87|1|19|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Adjoy II Colliery| numbered4=U| mark-title4= Adjoy II Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|41|7|N|87|2|53|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=ECL Sripur Area Office | numbered5=A| mark-title5=ECL Sripur Area Office (A)|shape-color5=black| label-size5=13|label-color5=black&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|39|09|N|87|0|21|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Damra Colliery| numbered6=U| mark-title6= Damra Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|44|19|N|87|1|21|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=Bhanora Colliery| numbered7=U| mark-title7= Bhanora Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|36|N|87|5|27|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Satgram Project| numbered8=O| mark-title8= Satgram project (O)|shape-color8=#C42222&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|40|27|N|87|5|40|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Mithapur Colliery| numbered9=U| mark-title9= Mithapur Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|38|37|N|87|5|14|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Pure Searsole Colliery| numbered10=U| mark-title10= Pure Searsole Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|38|56|N|87|4|0|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=JK Nagar Project| numbered11=O| mark-title11= JK Nagar Project (O)|shape-color11=#C42222&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|35|11|N|87|2|1|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Kalidaspur Project| numbered12=O| mark-title12= Kalidaspur Project (O) |shape-color12=#C42222&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|35|11|N|87|5|8|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Ardhagram Project| numbered13=O| mark-title13= Ardhagram Project (O) |shape-color13=#C42222&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|37|24|N|87|4|21|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Nimcha Colliery| numbered14=U| mark-title14= Nimcha Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|20|N|87|2|4|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Ratibati Colliery| numbered15=U| mark-title15= Ratibati Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|38|50|N|87|2|55|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16=Chapui Khas Colliery| numbered16=U| mark-title16= Chapui Khas Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|38|25|N|87|19|0|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17=Kuardi Colliery| numbered17=U| mark-title17= Kuardi Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|40|57|N|87|4|12|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Satgram Incline Colliery| numbered18=U| mark-title18= Satgram Incline Colliery (U)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|40|13|N|87|4|45|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=ECL Satgram Area Office | numbered19=A| mark-title19=ECL Satgram Area Office (A)|shape-color19=black| label-size19=13|label-color19=black&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord20={{coord|23.604889|87.052754}}| label20=Damodar River| label-color20 = #77A1CB| label-angle20=25| label-pos20=top| label-size20=10| mark-size20=0| mark-title20 =none}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Location===&lt;br /&gt;
Sripur Area is located around {{coord|23.684889|N|87.047754|E|region:IN|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Sripur Area is bounded by the rural areas [[Jamuria (community development block)|Jamuria]] CD Block on the north, [[Pandaveswar Area]] on the east, [[Satgram Area]] on the south, and neighbourhoods of [[Asansol]] and [[Barabani (community development block)|Barabani]] CD Block/[[Salanpur Area]] on the west.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Google maps&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url =   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajora_Area#/media/File:ECL_Area_Map.jpg| title = ECL Area Map | publisher =  ENVIS Centre on Environmental Problems of Mining  | accessdate =  18 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{Circular reference|date=November 2020}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The map alongside shows some of the collieries in the Areas. However, as the collieries do not have individual pages, there are no links in the full screen map.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Collieries===&lt;br /&gt;
As per the Shodhganga website, collieries in the Sripur Area are: Ghusick, Nigah, S.S.Incline, Jamuria, Sripur, K.D.Incline, Adjoy II, Bhanora, Kalipahari and Damra.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web| url = http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/66080/13/13_chapter%205.pdf |title =  Coalmining impact on the Environment  |work = Chapter V: Table 5.2 | publisher= shodganga.infibnet | accessdate = 11 February 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As per ECL website telephone numbers, operational collieries in the Sripur Area in 2018 are: Bhanora West Block Colliery, Girmint Colliery, New Ghusick Colliery, Kalipahari Colliery, Ningha Colliery and S.S.I. Colliery.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url =  http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/contactus/cugtel/sripur.pdf | title = Area wise Closed User Group (CUG) Telephone Numbers | work = Sripur Area | publisher = Eastern Coalfields Limited | accessdate = 11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mines cluster==&lt;br /&gt;
Cluster No. 8 is in the west-central portion of Raniganj Coalfield and spans over four geological blocks, namely Sripur, Satgram, Ningha and Bhanora. The mines are under the administrative control of Sripur and Satgram Areas of ECL. As of 2015–16, the composition of the cluster is as follows:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url =  http://www.easterncoal.nic.in/notices/environment/20161130satgramsri.pdf | title =Environmental Statement in Form IV (2015-16) for Cluster 8 Group of Mines | work = 1.2 Description of the Mines Cluster | publisher = Coal Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited| accessdate = 19 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Bhanora underground mine, with normative annual production capacity of 0.2 million tonnes and peak annual production capacity of 0.3 mt, had an expected life of over 20 years.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
2.  Girmint/ KDI UG mine, with normative annual production capacity of 0.04 mt and peak annual production capacity of 0.65 mt, had an expected life of over 50 years.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
3. Sripur UG mine, with normative annual production capacity of 0.014 mt and peak annual production capacity of 0.024 mt, had an expected life of over 20 years.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
4. Sripur Seam Incline UG mine, with normative annual production capacity of 0.105 mt and peak annual production capacity of 0.136 mt, had an expected life of over 25 years.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
5. Ningha UG mine, with normative annual production capacity of 0.040 mt and peak annual production capacity of 0.100 mt, had an expected life of over 50 years.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
6. Mithapur West UG mine and open cast patch, with normative annual production capacity of 0.28 mt and peak annual production capacity of 0.342 mt, had an expected life of over 50 years.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
7. Satgram UG mine, with normative production capacity of 0.85 mt and peak annual production capacity of 1.200 mt, had an expected life of over 30 years.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
As of 2015–16, there was no production from Bhanora UG mine, Girmint/KDI UG mine and Sripur UG mine.  In Sripur Seam Incline UG mine, Rana (R-V) seam was being worked manually. In Ningha UG mine, Dishergarh (R-IV) seam was being worked by [[Room and pillar mining|board and pillar method]]. There was no production from Mithapur West UG mine and OC patch. In Satgram UG mine, R-IV and R-III seams were being worked.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also – [[Salanpur Area#Mining plan]] for Bhanora West UG mine and Bhanora West OC patch&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
See also – [[Satgram Area#Mining plan]] for Ghusick, New Ghusick and Kalipahari collieries&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:ECL Area Map.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Operational Areas of ECL (Source:[http://ismenvis.nic.in/Database/Parascole_West_Colliery_06071999_9295.aspx ENVIS Centre on Environmental Problems of Mining])]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Illegal coal mining==&lt;br /&gt;
India is the third largest coal producer in the world. Mining is a highly organized industry, but there are gaps and loopholes. Beyond, or rather underneath, the well-organised industry, there is a large sector described as [[illegal mining]]. According to Haradhan Roy, the veteran political leader and trade unionist, about a million tonnes of coal are produced by illegal collieries in Raniganj alone. The total annual national production from such mines in India is not less than 20 million tonnes. In 2001 there were at least 33 identified sites of unauthorized mining in Raniganj.  Of these many were in Salanpur, Sripur, Satgram and Sodepur Areas. Seven are outside ECL&amp;#039;s lease-hold land. However, apart from the identified areas, such activities are spread across the entire region.&amp;lt;ref name=illegalmining1&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.academia.edu/3141696/Unintended_Collieries_People_and_Resources_in_Eastern_India  | title = Unintended Collieries: People and Resources in Eastern India | first=  Kuntala|last=Lahiri-Dutt | work= Resource Management in Asia-Pacific, Working Paper No. 44|date=2003| publisher = RMAP Working Papers | accessdate = 11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Systematic mining and movement of coal by the railways, started in the mid-nineteenth century in the [[Raniganj Coalfields]], led by [[Carr, Tagore and Company]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akkori Chattopadhyay, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, in Bengali, Vol I, pp. 46-51,  Radical, 2001, {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url =  https://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/onmyplate/coal-dust-in-the-tagore-album/ | title = Coal Dust in the Tagore Album | author=Vikram Doctor, Editor, Special Features | work = The Economic Times | at=Blogs | date= 20 September 2012 | accessdate =  2 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The conventional &amp;quot;[[Room and pillar mining|board and pillar]]&amp;quot; system was used in Indian underground collieries. In this system coal pillars are left behind to support the roof and the vacant space was not always filled with sand. ECL leaves a mine as soon as it is ‘uneconomic’, leaving the remaining coal for others to scavenge upon.&amp;lt;ref name=illegalmining1/&amp;gt; There are around 1,380 abandoned pits and inclines of ECL in the region.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1824/18240500.htm | title = The ‘rat-holes’ of Ranigunj | work = Frontline | volume=18 | issue=24 | date=November 4 – December 7, 2001 | accessdate = 11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The veteran CITU leader, Sunil Basu Roy, described the workers of the illegal mines as &amp;quot;the wretched on the earth&amp;quot; – they have no where else to go and no other means of survival. In Gourandi village, near Asansol, around 5,000 people work in shifts in an open cast mine. Work in such mines are labour-intensive and machines are unknown. The poor who rush into such jobs come from all segments of society, the adivasi and other locals and migrants. They are quite often in the news when accidents occur.&amp;lt;ref name=illegalmining1/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{OSM Location map&lt;br /&gt;
| width=430| height=400| zoom=11&lt;br /&gt;
| coord={{coord|23|41|0|N|87|5|20|E}}| float=left|caption=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cities and towns in the eastern portion of Asansol Sadar subdivision in Paschim Bardhaman district&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;MC: Municipal Corporation, CT: census town, N: neighbourhood, R: rural centre&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|39|27|N|87|7|2|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Kunustara | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=Kunustara (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|40|5|N|87|7|40|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Topsi| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Topsi]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|43|26|N|87|11|57|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Nimsa| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Nimsa]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|42|58|N|87|11|21|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Chinchuria| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Chinchuria]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|40|38|N|87|10|9|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Kenda| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Kenda]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|39|10|N|87|9|46|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Parasia| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Parasia]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|39|14|N|87|2|9|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Ratibati| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Ratibati]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|40|N|87|2|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Chapui| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Chapui]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|39|5|N|87|4|11|E}} | label-pos9=top|label9= Jemari |labela9=(Jaykaynagar)| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Jemari (J.K. Nagar Township)]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|37|45|N|87|8|22|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Banshra| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Banshra]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|38|5|N|87|3|51|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Belebathan| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Belebathan]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|38|28|N|87|2|3|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Chelad| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Chelad]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|37|29|N|87|4|32|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Murgathaul| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Murgathaul]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|36|57|N|87|5|4|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Amkula| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Amkula]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|35|53|N|87|8|30|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Baktarnagar| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Baktarnagar]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|36|33|N|87|6|01|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Egara| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Egara, Paschim Bardhaman|Egara]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|35|21|N|87|6|21|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Sahebganj| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Sahebganj, Paschim Bardhaman|Sahebganj]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|35|10|N|87|7|7|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Raghunathchak| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Raghunathchak]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|34|50|N|87|7|32|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Ballavpur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Ballavpur]] (CT)&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|46|48|N|87|4|48|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Churulia| numbered20=R| mark-title20=[[Churulia]] (R)|shape-color20=#C42222&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|41|37|N|87|8|39|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Bahadurpur| numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[Bahadurpur, Paschim Bardhaman]] (R)|shape-color21=#C42222&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|42|7|N|87|2|53|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22=ECL Sripur |labela22= Area Office| numbered22=0 | mark-title22=ECL Sripur Area Office (A)||shape-color22=black| label-size22=13|label-color22=black &amp;lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|40|53|N|87|4|45|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23=ECL Satgram |labela23= Area Office |numbered23=0| mark-title23=[[Satgram Area|ECL Satgram Area Office]] (A)| label-size23=12| shape-color23=#AA6666&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|38|50|N|87|7|18|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24=ECL Kunustoria|labela24= Area Office|numbered24=0 | mark-title24=[[Kunustoria Area|ECL Kunustoria Area Office]] (A)| label-size24=12| shape-color24=#AA6666&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|40|0|N|87|13|33|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25=ECL Kenda |labela25= Area Office |numbered25=0| mark-title25=[[Kenda Area|ECL Kenda Area Office]] (A)| label-size25=12| shape-color25=#AA6666&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos26=right|label-color26=#800000| label26=Asansol | numbered26=MC| mark-title26=[[Asansol]] (MC)|shape-color26=#800000&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|37|12|N|87|7|48|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Raniganj | numbered27=N| mark-title27= [[Raniganj]] (N)|shape-color27=#C42222&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|42|50|N|87|4|48|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28=Jamuria | numbered28=N| mark-title28= [[Jamuria]] (N)|shape-color28=#C42222&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord29={{coord|23.612489|87.032854}}| label29=Damodar River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=28| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none&lt;br /&gt;
|mark-coord30={{coord|23.749367|87.157333}}| label30=Ajay River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=0| label-pos30=right| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}&lt;br /&gt;
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==Subsidence==&lt;br /&gt;
Traditionally many underground collieries left a void after taking out the coal. As a result, almost all areas are facing subsidence. The entire stretch of Grand Trunk Road from Andal to Barakar passes through a subsidence-prone area. As per CMPDIL, there were 8 points of subsidence in the Sripur Area involving 1,046.92 hectares of land.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/66080/13/13_chapter%205.pdf  | title = Coal mining impact on the environment  | work = Pages 78-81 | publisher = Shodhganga  | accessdate =  11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Accident==&lt;br /&gt;
Amongst the major [[Mining accident|accidents]] in Indian coal mines in the post-independence period, only one has occurred in what is now the Sripur Area, On 14 March 1954, 10 persons were killed in an explosion of fire damp at Damra Colliery, then owned by Kalipahari Coal Comoany.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.ismenvis.nic.in/Database/MajorAccidentsintheIndianCoalMines_1249.aspx?format=Print   | title = Major Accidents in Indian Coalmines | work= 1952–2005|  publisher =  Envis Centre, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India | accessdate =  11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url =  http://www.ismenvis.nic.in/Database/accidents_1249.aspx | title = Major Accidents in Indian Coal Mines | work = 1952–2005 | publisher = Envis Centre on Environmental Problems of Mining  | accessdate =  11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://ismenvis.nic.in/Database/Damra_Colliery_1431954_9422.aspx  | title =  Colliery, 14.3.54 | publisher =  Envis Centre on Environmental Problems of Mining | accessdate =  11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Migrants==&lt;br /&gt;
Prior to the advent of coal mining, the entire region was a low-productive rice crop area in what was once a part of the [[Jungle Mahals]]. The ownership of land had passed on from local [[adivasi]]s to agricultural castes before mining started. However, the [[Santal people|Santhals]] and the [[Bauris]], referred to by the colonial administrators as &amp;quot;traditional coal cutters of Raniganj&amp;quot; remained attached to their lost land and left the mines for agricultural related work, which also was more remunerative. It forced the mine-owners to bring in outside labour, mostly from Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. In time the migrants dominated the mining and industrial scenario. The pauperization and alienation of the adivasis has been a major point of social concern.&amp;lt;ref name=illegalmining1/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url = http://inet.vidyasagar.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1245/2/2.pdf  | title = Industrialisation and Emergence of Labour Force in Bengal during The Colonial Period: Its Socio-Economic Impact | first = Nirban |last= Basu | work = Vidyasagar University Journal of History|volume=1|date=2012–13 | accessdate = 11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Transport==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Andal–Sainthia branch line|collapse=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;
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The [[Andal–Jamuria–Sitarampur branch line]] passes through the Sripur Area.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/andal-jasidih-demu-73539/15359/585/326 |title = 73539 Andal-Jasidih DEMU |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | accessdate = 11 August 2018}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{clear}}&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Operational Areas of ECL}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Coal mining operational areas in West Bengal]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>imported&gt;Sadads</name></author>
	</entry>
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