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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sri Kshetra Sringeri
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Temple town
| image_skyline = Sringeritemple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Sri Vidyashankara temple (1342 AD) at Sringeri
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.42|N|75.25|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chikkamagaluru district|Chikkamagaluru]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Malenadu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = T D Rajegowda (Indian National Congress)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 672
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 36,539

Male- 18030
Female- 18509
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| demographics_type2 =
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kannada]].
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 577139
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08265
| registration_plate = KA-18
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sringeri''' (IAST: Śṛngēri) also called '''Sri Kshetra''' '''Shringeri''' is a hill town and [[tahsil|Taluk]] headquarters located in [[Chikkamagaluru district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Karnataka]]. It is the site of the first [[matha|maṭha]] ([[Dakshinamnaya Peetham|Dakshinamnaya]] [[Sringeri Sharada Peetham]]) established by [[Adi Shankara]], [[Hindu]] theologian and exponent of the [[Advaita Vedanta]] philosophy, in the 8th century [[Common Era|CE]]. Located on the banks of the river [[Tunga River|Tungā]], the town draws a large number of pilgrims to its temples of Sri Sharadamba, Sri Vidyashankara, Sri Malahanikareshvara and other deities.

==Origin of name ==

The name Sringeri is derived from Rishyashringa-giri, a nearby hill that is believed to have contained the hermitage of [[Rishi]] Vibhandaka and his son [[Rishyashringa]]. In an episode in the Bala-Kanda of the [[Ramayana]], [[Vasishtha]] narrates how Rishyashringa brought rains to the drought-stricken kingdom of Romapada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sringeri.net/history/legend_of_rishyashringa.php|title=The legend of Rishyasringa|access-date= 2006-11-07|publisher=Sringeri Sharada Peeta }}</ref>

According to legend, Sri [[Adi Shankaracharya|Adi Shankara]] is said to have selected the site as the place to stay and teach his disciples, because when he was walking by the Tunga river, he saw a cobra with a raised hood, providing shelter from the hot sun, to a frog undergoing labour. Impressed with the place where natural enemies had gone beyond their instincts, he stayed here for twelve years. Sri Adi Shankaracharya also established mathas in the northern (at [[Jyotirmath]], near [[Badrinath]]), eastern (at [[Puri, Orissa|Puri]]) and western (at [[Dwarka|Dwaraka]]) quarters of India.

==Geography and climate==
Sringeri is located at {{coord|13.42|N|75.25|E}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Sringeri.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Sringeri]</ref> It has an average elevation of 672 meters (2204 feet). The average annual temperature is 23.5 °C, with the highest temperatures reaching 32 °C in April and lowest temperatures of 16 °C in winter months (December–January). There is significant rainfall (annual average of 380 cm), mostly during the months of June, July and August.

==Demographics==
As of the 2011 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Sringeri had a population of 36,539. [[Vokkaliga Gowdas]] form the largest community. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Sringeri has an average [[literacy rate]] of 86%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 90%, and female literacy is 82%. In Sringeri, 8.5% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Temples in Sringeri ==
Sringeri is home to a number of historic temples. Of these, [[Sri Sharadamba temple]], [[Sri Vidyashankara temple]] and Sri Malahanikareshwara temple are the most prominent.

===Sri Sharadamba temple===
The ancient temple of Sri [[Saraswati|Sharada]], the presiding deity of Sringeri has a glorious history that begins with the setting up of the [[Dakshinamnaya Peetham]] by Sri [[Adi Shankara]]. Originally it was an unpretentious shrine with the idol of Sharada made of sandalwood, installed over the [[Sri Chakra]] that [[Sri Adi Shankara]] carved on a rock. Subsequently, Sri Bharati Krishna Tirtha and [[Sri Vidyaranya]] had a temple built in the Kerala style, with timber and tiled roof, and substituted the sandalwood idol with the present golden idol.

[[Sri Sacchidananda Shivabhinava Nrisimha Bharati]] raised the present structure in granite around the sanctum and Sri [[Chandrasekhara Bharati]] consecrated the new temple in May 1916. [[Sri Abhinava Vidyatirtha]] made several improvements in the temple. The [[Mandapa|mahamandapam]] has large stone pillars exquisitely carved with deities like Durga, Raja Rajeshwari, dwarapalakas and devis which are all sculpted according to the [[Shilpa Shastras|shilpa sastras]] practiced in [[Tamil Nadu|Tamilnadu]].
[[File:Sri Sharada Temple and Gopuram 2017.jpg|thumb|Sri Sharada Temple and Gopuram]]
Construction of the 127 feet tall [[Gopuram|Rajagopuram]] entrance was completed in 2014 and its [[Kumbhabhishekham|Kumbhabhishekam]] (grand inauguration) was performed by Sri Bharati Tirtha Mahaswamiji on 8 June 2014, the day of Jaya Samvatsariya Jyeshtha Shuddha Dashami.

In addition to Sri Sharadamba temple, the following temples and shrines are within the temple complex:

* Sri Thorana Ganapathy
* Sri Adi Shankaracharya
* Sri Shakthi Ganapathy
* Sri Kodandaramaswamy
* Sri Malayala Brahma
* Sri Sureshwaracharya
* Sri Vageeswari Vidyaranya
* Sri Janardhanaswamy
* Sri Anjaneya
* Sri Garuda
* Sri Balasubrahmanyaswamy

===Sri Vidyashankara temple===
[[File:Sri Vidyashankar Temple, Sringeri, 2019.jpg|thumb|Sri Vidyashankar Temple]]
The Vidyashankara temple was built in the year 1338 A.D., in commemoration of the pontiff Sri Vidyashankara, by Sri Vidyaranya, patron-saint of [[Harihara I|Harihara]] and [[Bukka]], the brothers who founded the [[Vijayanagara empire]]. Inscriptions in the temple record contributions made by several Vijayanagara emperors but the temple was probably built on an earlier [[Hoysala]] site as it combines [[Hoysala]] (Chalukya) and [[Vijayanagara]] (Dravida) architectural features. It is built entirely of stone and stands on a high plinth, more or less a rectangle with apisidal east-west ends. On the western side is the garbhagriha, with Vidya [[Ganapati]] on one side and Durga on the other side. On the other three sides of the garbhagriha are shrines to [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Maheshwara]] with their consorts.
[[File:Tunga River Steps, Sringeri, 2019.jpg|thumb|Tunga river and steps]]
In the eastern half of the structure is a mantapa with twelve pillars (popularly known as rashi stambhas), marked by the twelve signs of the zodiac. The rays of the sun fall on each of them in the order of the twelve solar months. On the floor is a large circle, marked with converging lines to indicate the direction of the shadows. The central ceiling is an exquisite piece of workmanship with lotus and pecking parrots. The vimana over the garbhagriha rises with shikhara, mahapadma and stupa. The rest of the roof is made up of sloping channeled slab. The basement is elaborately sculpted with animals, puranic stories, [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Dashavatara]], [[Kali]], [[Shanmukha]] and so on. Other intricate features include chains of stone rings and growling lions with stone balls inside the faces, which can be rotated. The temple is under the care of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>http://www.sringeri.net/temples/sri-vidyashankara|accessdate= 2015-03-15|</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sringeri.net/temples/vidyashankara.php|title=Sri Vidyashankara Temple|access-date= 2006-11-07|publisher=Sringeri Sharada Peeta }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/mar252007/846.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007110318/http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/mar252007/846.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-07|title=Zodiacal pillars of Sringeri|access-date= 2006-03-25|work= Current Science|publisher= Indian Academy of Sciences }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantemples.com/Karnataka/sringeri.html|title=Vidyashankara Temple|access-date= 2006-11-07|publisher=Indiantemples.com }}</ref>

Vidyatirtha Rathotsava is celebrated on a grand scale during kartika shukla paksha. The festival spans for seven days from tritiya to navami. On the saptami day Jagadguru Bharathi Teertha Mahaswamiji<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sringeri.net/jagadgurus/sri-bharati-tirtha-mahaswamiji|title = Sri Bharati Tirtha Mahaswamiji}}</ref> performs special puja. The aradhana of Sri Vidya Shankara is performed on shasti, saptami and ashtami.

=== Sri Malahanikareshvara temple ===
[[File:Sri Malahanikareshvara Temple, Sringeri, India, 2016.jpg|thumb|Sri Malahanikareshvara Temple]]
Malahanikaresvara means destroyer of the impurities of the soul. This serene temple is located at the centre of the Sringeri town, atop a small hill, and can be reached by a flight of about 170 steps. The temple structure is a fine piece of architecture in stone, consisting of navaranga, antarala and garbhagrha. The ceiling has a lotus bud carving. The deities inside the temple include Malahanikaresvara, Bhavani, Chandikeshwara, Durga and Sthambha Ganapati. The linga is said have been worshiped by Sage Vibhandaka, son of Sage Kashyapa. After many years of penance, Vibhandaka had the vision of the Lord and merged into the Linga. The Sthanbha Ganapati was created in stone by Sri Ahinava Narasimha Bharati (1599 – 1622), the 24th Jagadguru, by drawing a figure of Ganesha with a piece of turmeric on one of the front pillars. Outside the temple, there are small shrines of Meenakshi Sachidanandeshvara, Kshetra Palaka and Bindu Madhava.

On Mahashivaratri, the Jagadguru performs special Puja to the Lord. On Kartika Poornima day, Laksha Deepothsavam is celebrated on a grand scale in the presence of the Jagadguru.

===Temples of guardian deities===
Sri [[Adi Shankara]] also established guardian deities around Sringeri in four directions.

*'''Kala Bhairava Temple''' in the East
*'''Kere Anjaneya Temple''' in the West
*'''Kalikamba Temple''' in the North
*'''Durgamba Temple''' in the South

===Sri Parshwanath Swamy Basadi===
[[File:Sri-Parshwanath-Swamy-Digambar-Jain-Temple-Sringeri-Shivamogga-District-Karnataka-India-001.jpg|thumbnail|Sri Parshwanath Swamy Basadi]]

Sri Parshwanath Basadi (Digambar Jain Temple) is situated in the heart of Sringeri Town. This basadi was built in the memory of Mari Setty whose origin goes to one Vijayanagara Shanthi Shetty of Nidugodu village near [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]]. The date of construction comes to about 1150 A.D. The main temple is 50 feet long and 30 feet wide. Completely built of stone it has a sloped roof. The Basadi consists of [[Garbhagriha]], Sukhanasi, Navaranga, Mukha [[Mandapa]] and [[Pradakshina]] Patha.

In the Garbhagriha, there is the idol of Sri [[Parshwanatha]] Swamy, the presiding deity made of black stone. It is one foot high and on its base, the words Srimathparisanathaya Namaha are inscribed. Generally a single cobra holds its hood over the Lord’s head. But here, the specialty is that a pair of cobras intertwined hold their seven hoods like an umbrella. Hence this deity is known as Jodi Parshwanatha Swamy.

In the sukhanasi the idol of Goddess [[Padmavati (Jainism)|Padmavati]] is kept. It is about nine inches in height and is made of black stone. Besides this there are also Jina images of marble, sphatika, black stone and the bronze images of 24 [[tirthankaras]] in the Gandhakuti, as well as idols of [[Brahma]], [[Saraswathi]], and [[Ganadhara]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism-in-india/karnataka/sringeri/|title = Sringeri, Sri Parshwanath Digmabar Jain Temple|date = 22 July 2017}}</ref>

== Sringeri Sharada Peetha ==
[[File:Raja Ravi Varma - Sankaracharya.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Adi Shankara]] with disciples, by [[Raja Ravivarma]], 1904]]{{main|Sringeri Sharada Peetha}}

The Sringeri Sharada Peetha or Matha is located South of the Sri Sharadamba temple, across the Tunga river, in Narasimha Vana. A foot bridge, called Vidyatheertha Setu connects the two sides. The [[Sringeri Sharada Peetha]], also called ''Dakshinamnaya Sringeri Sharada peetam,'' is one of the four [[Hindu]] [[Advaita]] maths established by Sri [[Adi Shankaracharya|Adi Shankara]]. Following the tradition initiated by Adi Shankara, the maţha is in charge of the [[Yajur Veda]] (the Krishna (Black) Yajurveda is more prevalent in South India, over which the maţha has authority in the Smarta tradition). The head of the matha is called [[Jagadguru]] (teacher to the world) and also carries the [[Shankaracharya]] name as a title. The present [[Sringeri Shankaracharya]] Shri [[Sri Bharati Tirtha|Bharati Tirtha]] Swamiji has nominated Jagadguru Vidhushekhara Bharathi Mahaswami as his successor.

== Nearby places of interest ==
There are several other historic temples and places of interest around Sringeri.

=== Sri Chaturmurti Vidyeshwara temple, Vidyaranyapura ===
Vidyaranyapura Agrahara is a small village about 2 km from Sringeri bus stand. Sri Chaturmurti Vidyeshwara temple contains a statue combining four idols, that of Sri Vidyatirtha, Bhahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The village houses several priests of the temples in Sringeri.

=== Rajiv Gandhi Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Menase ===
Menase is around 4 km from Sringeri bus stand, on the road to [[Balehonnur]]. [[Rajiv Gandhi Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha]] was established in 1992, as one of the campus of [[Central Sanskrit University]], New Delhi. Its foundation stone was laid by Sri Bharati Teertha Mahaswamiji in the presence of Shri [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]], the then President of India. The 10 acre campus includes hostels for boys and girls.

=== Sri Rishyashringeshwara temple, Kigga ===
[[Kigga]] is a small village located 9 km from Sringeri. Sri Rishyashrungeshwara temple is located on the banks of Nandini river, a tributary of Tunga. Built during [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] period, the temple houses a linga of a unique shape, with three protuberances resembling horns. There is a big Nandi statue in front of the temple. Sage Rishyasringa is said to have performed penance here. It is believed that the worship of the linga averts famine in the land up to a distance of 12 yojanas (100 miles). The rathotsavam of the temple is conducted in the month of Chaitra (March/April).

=== Sirimane falls, near Kigga ===
[[Sirimane Falls|Sirimane falls]] is situated at a distance of 12 km from Sringeri, and 5 km from Kigga. Visitors can take a bus from Sringeri to Kigga, then hire a local autorikshaw (3-wheeler) to reach the falls.

=== Sri Sharada Lakshminarasimha Peetam, Hariharapura ===
[[Hariharapura|Hariharipura]] is about 20 km from Sringeri. Here, Sri Sharada Lakshminarasimha Peetam was established by Sri Adi Shankaracharya on the banks of the River Tunga. The place is serene amidst forest, Arecanut farms and rice fields surrounded by small hills. There is a 110 year old bridge across the Tunga connecting Hariharipura to Koppa. This bridge is believed to have been built by [[M. Visvesvaraya|Sir M Visvesvaraya]].

== How to reach ==
The nearest airport is [[Mangalore International Airport|Mangalore International airport]], at a distance of 105 kilometers in South-West direction by road via [[Karkala]]. The town of [[Udupi]], connected to Mumbai via [[Konkan Railway]], is at distance of 84 km by road in the Western direction via [[Hebri]] and [[Agumbe]]. [[Shimoga]] (Shivamogga) is 105 km by road in North-East direction. [[Chikkamagaluru|Chikmagalur]] is at a distance of 86 km by road in Eastern direction, connected to [[Bengaluru]] through road and rail line via [[Kadur]]. Several travel agencies including KSRTC, SRS and Sugama operate AC and non-AC luxury buses between Sringeri and [[Bengaluru]], a distance of 320 km.

== Where to stay ==
Visitors to Sringeri have several options for accommodation. The [[Sringeri Sharada Peetham]] runs guest houses located near the [[Shringeri Sharadamba Temple|Sri Sharadamba temple]]. There are also many private lodges, most of them on the Bharthi Street and Harihara Street, and one near Shankaracharya Circle.

== Best time to Visit ==
Since Sringeri is situated in the [[Malnad]] region spanning the Western Ghats, the best time to visit is between October and March.

==See also==

*[[Agumbe]]
*[[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]] and [[Halebidu (town)|Halebidu]]
*[[Dharmasthala]]
*[[Hanumangundi Falls|Hanumanagundi falls]]
*[[Karkala]]
*[[Kundadri|Kundadri hills]]
* [[Horanadu]]
*[[Mangalore]]
* [[Chikmagalur]]
*[[Subramanya, Karnataka|Subramanya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Shringeri|lcfirst=yes}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150726174447/http://www.nswamy.com/sringeri/ A Photo Essay of Sringeri]
* Some [http://payaniga.com/2008/02/sringeri.html offbeat photos] of Sringeri
* [http://shankarasringeri.blogspot.com/ Shankara Sringeri]
* [http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism-in-india/karnataka/sringeri/ Sri Parshwanath Swamy Digambar Jain Temple]
{{Chikkamagaluru topics}}
{{Hindu holy cities in India}}
{{Holy temples of coastal Karnataka}}

{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

{{Karnataka topics}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Chikkamagaluru district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Chikkamagaluru district]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Tourism in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Hill stations in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]

Sringeri - Revision history

imported>Citation bot: Alter: title. Add: date, title. Changed bare reference to CS1/2. Removed parameters. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by RoanokeVirginia | Category:Hindu holy cities | #UCB_Category 80/89