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{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with another [[Srinagar]], the summer capital of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Srinagar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.22|N|78.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 560
| population_total = 20,115
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = manual
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 246174
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01346-2
| registration_plate = UK 12 xx xxxx
| website = {{URL|uk.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Srinagar''' is a city in [[Pauri Garhwal district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttarakhand]].

==Geography==
Srinagar is located at {{Coord|30.22|N|78.78|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/39/Srinagar.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Srinagar]</ref> at the left bank of [[Alaknanda]] river. It has an average elevation of 560 [[metre]]s (1,837 [[foot (length)|feet]]). It is the largest town in the [[Garhwal Himalaya|Garhwal Hills]]. It is reached by national highway [[National Highway 58 (India)|NH58]] from [[Rishikesh]], Srinagar is about 100 km from [[Rishikesh]] which is the last city on the plains of [[Uttarakhand]] and from where the mountains start. '''Srinagar''' can also be reached via [[Kotdwara]], from [[Kotdwara]] it takes maximum 5 hours to reach there.
[[File:Srinagar from southern hill.jpg|thumb|Srinagar from southern hill]]

==Demographics==

As per the 2011 census, Srinagar had a population of 20,115. Males constituted 52% of the population and females 48%. Srinagar is the largest city in the Garhwal hills.

==Geology==
Srinagar city mainly rests over the Quaternary fluvial terraces of boulders and sand deposited by Alaknanda river. The hard rock under these boulder-sand terraces is the Proterozoic phyllite called ''Pauri Phyllite''. This highly fractured ''Pauri Phyllite'' of Chandpur Formation (Jaunsar Group) is separated from the quartzite and limestone of Rudraprayag Formation by the ''North Almora Thrust'' (NAT), sometimes also called Srinagar Thrust.
[[File: Fractured Phyllite rock of Srinagar.jpg|thumb|Fractured phyllite rock of Srinagar]]

==History==
[[File:Srinagar, Garhwal, 19th century.jpg|right|thumb|Rope bridge across [[Alaknanda River]], Srinagar, in the times of [[Garhwal Kingdom]], 1784–94]]
Srinagar came into limelight after becoming the capital of ''Garhwal Kingdom''. King Ajay Pal with unifying the various chiefdoms and ''garhis''{{which lang|date=August 2019}} (small counties) of this region during 1506–1512 CE founded the Garhwal kingdom and shifted the capital to Srinagar place from Chandpur Garhi.

The Gorkhas defeated the Nepali king and occupied [[Kathmandu]]. This emboldened them and they turned westward and attacked Kumaon and Garhwal in 1803. Raja [[Pradyumna Shah]] of Garhwal was defeated and killed in January 1804. Srinagar was under Gorkha rule from 1806 to 1815 CE. After the Gorkhas were [[Anglo-Nepalese War|defeated by the British]], [[Sugauli Treaty|Srinagar became a part of British Garhwal]].<ref>[Negi, S. S. 2003. Srinagar- A Historical township, In Sovenier of 20th Convention of Indian Association of Sedimentologist, pp- 29 Srinagar Garhwal]</ref>

The old Srinagar city was destroyed in the [[Gohna Lake dam-burst]] which destroyed all the old relics of the town.

Today the town is an important cultural and educational centre. Being placed in central Garhwal at a moderate height, it is an important Valley Bazar in the hills. It has a number of temples and monuments and places for tourists to stay and visit.

==Climate==
Srinagar is the hottest place in the [[Garhwal Himalaya|Garhwal Hills]] in summers as it is at a low elevation of just 560 m. and the temperature reaches 44 °C on some days from May to July. It has chilly winters and the temperature can fall to 2 °C in December and January.

==Education==
[[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University]] (renamed after [[Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna]] in 1989), established in 1973, is situated at Srinagar. The University has jurisdiction over seven districts of the Garhwal region. It was made a [[Central university (India)|Central University]] in 2009 by the Central Universities Act, 2009. It has two other teaching campuses at [[Pauri]] and Tehri towns. It is a residential cum affiliating institution of higher learning with more than 180 affiliated colleges.

[[National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand]] opened in 2010.

Srinagar Base Hospital Medical college with MBBS and MS courses having more than 500 students, is also situated at Srikot about 5 km from Srinagar towards [[Jyotirmath|Joshimath]].<ref>[http://www.ua.nic.in/smc.ac.in/ "Srinagar Medical College"], Uttrakhand Government Medical College Srinagar (Pauri Garhwal)</ref>

One ITI and one Polytechnic along with one B.Ed college are other educational institutes in Srinagar.
[[Sashastra Seema Bal]] (SSB) Cadets Training Academy is also operating here for long.

St. Theresa's School which is an English medium school situated near Alaknanda river. The School has been recognized by Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations since a long time.

Sri Guru Ram Rai(SGRR) is another popular school in Srinagar which located near Kamleshwar Mahadev Mandir. The School has been recognized by Central Board of Secondary Education.

There are many schools affiliated to [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations|CISCE]] and [[Uttarakhand Board of School Education|UBSE]] Boards in the town which provide a versatile education system for all-round development.

[[File:HNB Garhwal University.jpg|thumb|Campus of HNB Garhwal University]]

The literacy rate of Srinagar city is 92.03% higher than the state average of 78.82%. In Srinagar, Male literacy is around 94.22% while the female literacy rate is 89.51%

==Healthcare==
Srinagar has a medical college (better known as Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Govt. Medical College) established in 2008. It was the first medical college established by the state government. It has a 450-bed super-speciality hospital. Srinagar has another government hospital called Combined Hospital. There are a few private nursing homes and clinics. However, there is gross shortage of teaching faculty.

==Transport==
===Air===
The nearest airport is the [[Jolly Grant Airport]], [[Dehradun]] {{convert|150|km|abbr=on}} away.

===Railway===
The nearest railway stations are at [[Rishikesh]] and [[Kotdwar]]. However, Rishikesh is a small railway station not connected by fast trains. Kotdwara is connected by only a few trains. [[Haridwar]] railway junction, 24  km farther from Rishikesh, has train connections to most of the major cities in India and is, therefore, the railhead for Srinagar. It has been planned to lay a railway line from [[Rishikesh]] to [[Karnaprayag]] via Srinagar but the project may take over a decade to complete if the slow progress of Kashmir railway project is taken as an indicator.

===Road===
Srinagar lies on the national highway [[National Highway 58 (India)|NH58]] that connects Delhi with [[Badrinath]] and [[Mana Pass]] in Uttarakhand near Indo-Tibet border. Therefore all the buses and vehicles that carry pilgrims from New Delhi to Badrinath via Haridwar and Rishikesh in pilgrim season of summer months pass through Srinagar on the way to [[Rudraprayag]], Karnaprayag, [[Chamoli]], [[Joshimath]] and further north. Rishikesh is the major starting point for road journey to Srinagar. Regular buses operate from Rishikesh bus station to Srinagar. The road distance from Srinagar to Rishikesh is {{convert|108|km|abbr=on}} via [[Devprayag]].

* Haridwar to Rishikesh 24 km
* Rishikesh to Devprayag 71 km
* Devprayag to Srinagar 32 km
* Srinagar to Rudraprayag 33 km
* Devprayag to Sabdharkhal 18 km
* Sabdharkhal to Pauri 23 km

Srinagar is also accessible from [[Pauri]] that, in turn, is reached from [[Kotdwar]] by national highway [[National Highway 119 (India)|NH119]]. The road distance from [[Kotdwara]] railway station is {{convert|138|km|abbr=on}} via Pauri.

==Temples==
Srinagar is the last night stop towards the holy Hindu temples of "Badrinath" and "Kedarnath". Srinagar also has its own share of temples.

# Kamleshwar Mahadev—Kamleshwar is the most popular temple in the town. The temple is about 150 m from the national highway toward the river Alaknanda near SGRR public school.
# Kilkileshwar Mahadev is a Shiva temple located in the banks of river Alaknanda, Kilkileshwar Mahadev was established by [[Adi Shankaracharya]]. It is situated in Chauras ([[Tehri Garhwal district]]).
# Shankaramath temple located near lower Bhaktiyana is dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
# Chopra Mandir located near Koteshwar Dam is dedicated to Chopra Narsingh and Bhairon Nath.
# [[Dhari Devi]] temple is 16 km from Srinagar.
# Rajrajeshwari and Gaura Devi temple is 19 km from Srinagar near village [[Devalgarh]].
# Astavakra Mahadev is a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and is situated on the southern hill of Srinagar. This is near village Khola about 9 km (by road) from Srinagar.
#[https://www.uttrakhandhub.in/2019/06/historical-temple-of-mata-kansmardhini.html Kansmardhini mandir] - is located at alaknanda vihar, temple is related to Krishna leela.
#Shani Mandir is a temple dedicated to Lord Shani who is known as god of karma, justice and retribution. This temple is near Nagar Palika Rd, Srinagar.
There are various other temples dedicated to lord shiva – Alkeshwar Mahadev, Nageshwar Mahadev, Ghashiya Mahadev.

The Uttarakhand culture has gifted with many popular religious places. There are many temples in Uttarakhand that have been beautifully and tastefully crafted and have ever since remained the talk of the town. While some owe their fame to their elegant structures, many have found glory by being wish-fulfillers. However, there are indeed few places that are known for surviving through a period of demolition and there are still a few remain special for the devotees for no reasons other than faith. There is a known temple ‘Chopra Mandir’, established by Late Shri Bachan Singh & his brother Late Shri Gulab Singh. The temple of Goddess Narshing & Bhairav Nath. Every year the whole family of late Shri Bachan Singh & late Shri Gulab Singh's organize pooja in this temple.
Written by Rakesh Kumar

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.srinagargarhwal.com/ Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand Himalayas]
* [http://www.uttara.in/hindi/apexinstitutes/hnbgu/campuses/srinagar.html Srinagar campus of HNBGU]

{{Pauri Garhwal}}
{{Municipalities of Uttarakhand}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Pauri Garhwal district]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand]]

Srinagar Garhwal - Revision history

Saumyasingh: Created page with "{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with another Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir.}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}} {..."