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{{short description|National park in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Sri Venkateswara National Park
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = II
| photo = Sri Venkateswara National Park Tirumala Hills 01.jpg
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Sri Venkateswara National Park on Tirumala Hills
| photo_width = 240px
| map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| map_alt =
| relief = 1
| map_caption = Location in India
| map_width =
| location = [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]] and [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]] districts, [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Tirupati]]
| coords = {{coord|13|45|4|N|79|20|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20svnp.htm |title=Sri Venkateswara National Park |publisher=Andhra Pradesh Forest Department |access-date=2012-07-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430045712/http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20svnp.htm |archive-date=2015-04-30 }}</ref>
| area_km2 = 353
| established = September 1989
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
| world_heritage_site =
| url =
}}
'''Sri Venkateswara National Park''' is a [[national park]] and [[biosphere reserve]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The total area of the park is 353 km<sup>2</sup>. The park is known for its many waterfalls, including the [[Talakona]], [[Gundalakona]] and [[Gunjana]]. As the government of India declared the [[Seshachalam Hills]] as one of the [[biosphere reserves of India]] in 2010, this national park becomes the part of it.

==Geography==
The National Park is located in [[Eastern Ghats]] spread over the [[Seshachalam hills]] of [[Kadapa district]] and Tirumala hills of [[Chittoor district]]. The elevation varies from 150 to 1,130 m. The terrain is undulating with forest covered valleys. Most of the rainfall is received from the northeast monsoon and a little from the southwest monsoon. The vegetation here is a mix of [[Northern_dry_deciduous_forests|dry deciduous]] and moist deciduous types.

Average rainfall in the region is 900 mm. The average temperature of the region varies from 12 °C to 44 °C.

==Flora and fauna==
===Flora===

The vegetation in the national park consists of dry deciduous mixed forest with patches of moist deciduous forests in the valleys. The area has about 1,500 [[vascular plant]] species belonging to 174 families, of which many are [[endemic]]. Some of the rare and endemic plant species like [[Pterocarpus santalinus|red sanders]], ''[[Shorea]] talura'', ''[[Shorea]] thumburggaia'', ''[[Terminalia (plant)|Terminalia pallida]]'', [[sandalwood]], ''[[Cycas beddomei]]'', ''[[Syzygium alternifolium]]'', ''[[Psilotum nudum]]'' occur in this region.

===Fauna===

About 178 species of birds from this national park have been identified. The globally threatened [[yellow-throated bulbul]] is seen here. [[grey-fronted green pigeon]], a bird of the [[Himalayas]] and the [[Western Ghats]] is quite common in these forests. The critically endangered [[white-backed vulture|Oriental white-backed vulture]] is found in the national park. Some of the other birds found here are:

[[large hawk-cuckoo]], [[blue-faced malkoha]], [[yellow-browed bulbul]], [[Indian scimitar-babbler]] and [[Loten's sunbird]].

In 1984 the [[Asian elephant]], not seen in [[Andhra Pradesh]] for nearly 300 years, re-appeared in the southern part of [[Chittoor district]]. In 1993, a breakaway herd of five individuals moved to the Chamala Valley of Tirumala forests in this national park.

Among predators the [[leopard]] is quite common, along with the [[wild dog]]. Other predators include [[golden jackal]], [[Indian fox]], [[small Indian civet]] and [[jungle cat]]. [[Sloth bear]] is frequently encountered. [[Sambar (deer)|Sambar]], [[Chital|spotted deer]], [[mouse deer]], [[barking deer]], [[four-horned antelope]] and [[wild boar]] are the main [[ungulates]]. The nocturnal [[slender loris]] could be common but is seldom seen. The [[Indian giant squirrel]] and [[tree shrew]] are other interesting species.

Among reptiles, the most interesting species is the [[Draco (genus)|gliding lizard]], found in some deep forested valleys. Another important reptile of this national park is the [[Indian golden gecko]]. Originally reported from rocky [[ravines]] in the [[Eastern Ghats]], the [[Indian golden gecko]] was rediscovered from the same area in 1985
<gallery class="center">
File:Pterocarpus santalinus in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8099.jpg|''Pterocarpus santalinus'' (red sandalwood) in Talakona forests of Sri Venkateswara National Park
File:Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jak Fruit) on Tirumala hills.jpg|''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' (jack fruit) at Sri Venkateswara National Park
File:Spotted Deer axisaxis at deerpark Tirumala hills.JPG|''Axis axis'' (spotted deer) at deerpark on Tirumala hills in Sri Venkateswara National Park
File:Wild squirrel.jpg|''Ratufa indica'' (Indian giant squirrel) at Sri Venkateswara National Park
Semnopithecus priam (Gray Langur) at Tirumala hills.jpg|''Semnopithecus priam'' (gray langur) at Sri Venkateswara National Park
File:(Sus scrofa) Wild Boar spotted at Tirumala hills.JPG|''Sus scrofa'' (wild boar) at Sri Venkateswara National Park
</gallery>

==Threats==
[[File:Andhra Pradesh - Landscapes from Andhra Pradesh, views from Indias South Central Railway (83).JPG|thumb|900px|center|Panoramic view of Sri Venkateswara National Park along the [[Eastern Ghats]] near [[Talakona]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]]]
The key threats the national park are construction and quarrying. The Andhra Pradesh State Highway Project, is undertaking the upgrade of highways in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], and this includes construction of Warangal-Pollacolu road, which passes close to the western boundary of the national park. Another construction is of the Kapil Teertham Dam inside the national park by the [[Andhra Pradesh Government]] and the [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam]]. Both these construction projects raise concerns over the potential impact of the road and the dam on the habitat and the wildlife in the sanctuary. Regular forest fires are also a constant threat to the biodiversity and ecological balance in the park.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tirumala Forest Fire threatens safety of Tirupati Balaji Temple|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/tirumala-forest-fire-threatens-safety-of-tirupati-balaji-temple/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sri Venkateswara National Park}}

{{Tirupati topics}}
{{Eastern Ghats}}
{{National Parks of India}}

[[Category:National parks in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Eastern Ghats]]
[[Category:Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
[[Category:Chittoor district]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1989]]

Sri Venkateswara National Park - Revision history

->Isabelle Belato: Undid revision 1062306429 by 182.69.69.20 (talk)

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