CleanupBot: /* Prominent people */clean up

2022-01-01T18:44:05Z

Prominent people: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:14, 2 January 2022
Line 85:		Line 85:
	* [[V. Kanakasabhai]]		* [[V. Kanakasabhai]]
	* [[Balu Mahendra]]		* [[Balu Mahendra]]
	* [[S._C._C.~~_Anthony_Pillai~~]] was a trade unionist, politician and Indian Member of Parliament.		* [[S. C. C. Anthony Pillai]] was a trade unionist, politician and Indian Member of Parliament.
	* [[H.S.Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm\|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref>		* [[H.S.Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm\|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref>
	* [[J.E. Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com"~~>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com~~/~~thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm\|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref~~>		* [[J.E. Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com"/>
	*[[Mona Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com"~~>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com~~/~~thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm\|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref~~>		*[[Mona Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com"/>
	*[[Major Willie Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com"~~>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com~~/~~thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm\|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref~~>		*[[Major Willie Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com"/>
	*[[Rohini Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com"~~>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com~~/~~thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm\|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref~~>		*[[Rohini Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com"/>
	* [[Raibahadur Williamspillai]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ceylontamils.com/search/family.php?individualID=11174\|title=Ceylon Tamils}}</ref>		* [[Raibahadur Williamspillai]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ceylontamils.com/search/family.php?individualID=11174\|title=Ceylon Tamils}}</ref>
	* [[Paul M. Jayarajan]] aka Marcus Jayarajan Paul<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/Handlist_J.htm\|title=Descriptive handlist of papers collected\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000819025607/http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/Handlist_J.htm\|archive-date=August 19, 2000\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		* [[Paul M. Jayarajan]] aka Marcus Jayarajan Paul<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/Handlist_J.htm\|title=Descriptive handlist of papers collected\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000819025607/http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/Handlist_J.htm\|archive-date=August 19, 2000\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

imported>Citation bot: Alter: title, template type. Add: date, work, authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation | #UCB_Category 1651/3979

2021-07-07T11:53:18Z

Alter: title, template type. Add: date, work, authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation | #UCB_Category 1651/3979

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Short description|Ethnic group}}{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Sri Lankan Tamils in India
|image =
|caption =
|population = Hundreds of Thousands
|region1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
|pop1 = ~123,000
|ref1 = <ref name="southasiaanalysis.org">http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers29%5Cpaper2857.html</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rog3=IN&rop3=109305|title=Sinhalese in India|first=Joshua|last=Project}}</ref><ref>http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=Lankan+Tamils+in+TN+going+home+soon&artid=Dol4hTJ/xqM=&SectionID=vBlkz7JCFvA=&MainSectionID=vBlkz7JCFvA=&SEO=lanka,+tamils,+IDPs,+TN,+tamil+nadu&SectionName=EL7znOtxBM3qzgMyXZKtxw==</ref>
|region2 = [[Kerala]]<ref name="rediff.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/14lanka.htm|title=Rediff on the NeT: Kerala is new sanctuary for fleeing Lankan Tamils}}</ref>
|pop2 = ~7000
|ref2 = <ref name="sundaytimes.lk">{{cite web|url=http://sundaytimes.lk/100110/News/nws_80.html|title='Ceylonkaran' -- a tale of Sri Lankans in India}}</ref>
|region3 = [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
|pop3 = ~500
|ref3 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pucl.org/Topics/International/2006/refugees-srilanka-report.html|title=Conditions in Sri Lankan Tamil refugee camps}}</ref>
|region4 = [[Karnataka]]
|pop4 = ~35,000
|ref4 = <ref name="sundaytimes.lk"/>
|region5 =
|pop5 =
|ref5 =
|region6 =
|pop6 =
|ref6 =
|region7 =
|pop7 =
|ref7 =
|region8 =
|pop8 =
|ref8 =
|region9 =
|pop9 =
|ref9 =
|region10 =
|pop10 =
|ref10 =
|languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], [[English Language|English]]
|religions = [[Hinduism|Hindu]] ([[Saivite]]), [[Roman Catholics|Roman Catholic]] and [[Protestant]] [[Christianity]]
|related = [[Sri Lankan people|Sri Lankan]], [[Tamils|Indian Tamils]], [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Sri Lankan Tamils in India''' mainly refer to [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Tamil people]] of Sri Lankan origin in India and non-resident Sri Lankan Tamil. They are partly who migrated to [[India]] and their descendants and mostly refugees from Sri Lanka because of the concluded [[Sri Lankan Civil War]]. In general socio economically they are living below poverty line, except few people who settled in India during early times, rich businessmen, and professionals. In [[Tamil Nadu]] they are also known as '''Ceylon Tamils''' or '''Jaffna Tamils.

==History==

===Early arrivals===
During 19th century and early 20th century some [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] especially from [[Jaffna]] migrated or settled in [[India]] for various reasons such as [[education]], employment in the British Indian government, business and other reasons. Among them were Hensman family, who migrated to [[Chennai]] from [[Jaffna]] during late 19th century.

===1960s===
In 1948, immediately after the country's independence, a controversial law labelled the [[Ceylon Citizenship Act]] was passed in the [[Sri Lankan parliament]] which deliberately discriminated against the [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Tamils of South Indian origin]], whose ancestors had settled in the country in the 19th and 20th centuries. This act made it virtually impossible for them to obtain citizenship and over 700,000 Tamils (consisting of up to 11% of the country's total population) were made stateless.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uthr.org/BP/volume1/Chapter1.htm|title=Welcome to UTHR, Sri Lanka}}</ref> In 1964, a pact was signed between Bandaranaike and the then Indian Prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri to repatriate much of the population of the stateless Tamils. Over the next 30 years, successive [[Sri Lankan government]]s were actively engaged in deporting over 300,000 Tamils back to India. It wasn't until 2003, after a [[Black July|state-sponsored pogrom]] against Tamils and a [[Sri Lankan Civil War|full-scale civil war]], that [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Indian Tamils]] were granted citizenship but by this time, their population had dwindled to just 5% of the country's population. Tamils repatriated to India were assimilated with location population after taking Indian Citizenships, except a few pockets in Tamil Nadu, where they are still called as Ceylon Tamils.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ices.lk/sl_database/ethnic_conflict/time_line.shtml|title=Ethnic Conflict of Sri Lanka: Time Line – From Independence to 1999|publisher=International Centre for Ethnic Studies|access-date=11 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212123102/http://www.ices.lk/sl_database/ethnic_conflict/time_line.shtml|archive-date=12 December 2009}}</ref>

Most of the Tamils, who were repatriated, settled in various parts of [[Tamil Nadu]], while a few hundred families have settled in [[Punalur]] taluk of [[Kollam district]] in [[Kerala]], and in [[Sulya]] and [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] taluks of [[Dakshina Kannada district]] in [[Karnataka]] where a majority of them work in tea and rubber plantations.<ref name="cc">{{cite web | url=http://www.countercurrents.org/shaji230607.htm | title=Rubber Boom Raises Hope Of Repatriates | publisher=Counter Currents | access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="punalur1">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/from-sri-lanka-and-enfranchised/article300256.ece | title=From Sri Lanka and enfranchised | work=The Hindu | date=8 April 2009 | access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="dk1">{{cite web | url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/131215/sunday-times-2/unsettled-still-76508.html | title=Unsettled still | publisher=Sunday Times.Lk | access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="punalur2">{{cite web | url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/close-watch-on-sri-lankan-repatriates-in-kerala_100195852.html | title=Close watch on Sri Lankan repatriates in Kerala | publisher=Thaindian | access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="dk2">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/sri-lankan-tamil-repatriates-to-finally-get-caste-certificates/article6208874.ece | title=Sri Lankan Tamil repatriates to finally get caste certificates | work=The Hindu | date=14 July 2014 | access-date=20 August 2014| last1=Rao | first1=Mohit M. }}</ref>

===1980s===
Following the events of the [[Black July|Black July riots]], and later the outbreak of the [[Sri Lankan Civil War]], tens of thousands Sri Lankan Tamil refugees arrived in [[Tamil Nadu]] in four waves. The first wave on 24 July 1983, after [[Black July]], to the 29 July 1987 up until the [[Indo-Sri Lanka Accord]], 134,053 Sri Lankan Tamils arrived in India. The first repatriation took place after the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord in 1987 and between 24 December 1987 and 31 August 1989, 25,585 refugees and non-camp Sri Lankan nationals returned to Sri Lanka. The second wave began with the start of [[Eelam War II]] after 25 August 1989, where 122,000 Sri Lankan Tamils came to Tamil Nadu. On 20 January 1992, after the assassination of [[Rajiv Gandhi]] 54,188 refugees were voluntarily repatriated to Sri Lanka, until March 1995. [[Eelam War III]] commenced in April 1995 starting the third wave or refugees. By 12 April 2002, nearly 23,356 refugees had come to Tamil Nadu. The flow of refugees had stopped in 2002 because of the cease fire agreement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2009/11/focus-on-sri-lankan-tamil-refugees.html|title=Focus on the Sri Lankan Tamil refugees ~ Sri Lanka Guardian}}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Tamil distribution.png|thumb|Tamils distribution in Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka]]
[[Sri Lankan Tamils]] in India number in the hundreds of thousands, mostly in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], the closest state to Sri Lanka and the easiest to get to. There is also a considerable amount in the state of [[Kerala]] with around 700 refugee families.<ref name=punalur2/> There are also a number of Sri Lankan Tamils in the eastern regions of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]].

Highest number of Sri Lankan Tamil families living in KK Nagar, [[Thuvakudi]] in [[Trichirapalli]], [[Neelankarai]], [[Valasaravakkam]] in [[Chennai]], [[Nagercoil]] in [[Kanniyakumari]], R.S puram, [[Valparai]] in [[Coimbatore]].

==Refugees==
The [[Sri Lankan Tamil]] refugees in [[Tamil Nadu]] have three different kinds of shelter. The first is the camp refugees or those who took shelter in camps mostly located in the rural areas. They were sent from the Mandapam transit camp to different locations. The second group is non-camp refugees are those living in tented house with relatives and friends without any assistance from the government. Nearly fifty thousand refugees lived outside camps; most of them are staying in big cities. The third group consisted of those who supposedly posed security threats since they were involved in subversive activities in [[Sri Lanka]]. They were sent to special camps where they had to live under constant surveillance. These special camps came into existence in 1991.

===The camps===
[[File:Sri Lankan Tamil refugees camp1.jpg|thumb|[[Rajapalayam]] refugee camp]]
[[File:Camp for Sri Lankan refugees in Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|Choking drains next to the refugee camp at [[Vembakkottai block|Vembakkottai]] village, [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]]]
When the first wave of refugees entered India in 1983, they were divided into three groups. Besides the camp and non-camp refugees, there were the militants in special camps. The [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] had to welcome the refugees in the emergency situation. The Indian government did not like to send the refugees to other states because of the language barriers. India's continued refusal to sign protocols and also the ban on NGOs prevent any international help from reaching the refugees. There are nearly 80,000 refugees 132 camps in Tamil Nadu and one in Orissa. All refugee camps are registered. This entitles them to government assistance-cash, shelter, health facilities, clothing and provision of essential items. The refugees from Sri Lanka have been the recipients of one of the most advanced systems of education in the world, but since 1991, this privilege has been withdrawn.

Refugees also have strict restrictions on their freedom of movement and are treated with some degree of suspicion by the Indian government. It is due to the assassination of former Indian Prime minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 by a suspected member of the LTTE. After that some refugee camps were moved away from coastal areas to isolated interior regions of Tamil Nadu state so as to prevent contact amongst the refugees belonging to different camps.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ujaen.es/huesped/rae/articulos2007/acharya0907.pdf|title=Antropología Experimental}}</ref>
Refugees also have strict restrictions on their freedom of movement and are treated as third grade citizens. If anyone disobeys the rules, they may have their monthly stipend and rations cut off as punishment. As India has not signed the international convention for refugees, the plight of the Sri Lankan refugees in India is not brought to the scrutiny of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and no other major human rights organisation has taken note of the suffering of the Tamils languishing in the "special camps" in India.

====Militant refugees====
Militant leadership has always been elitist and there is a clear line of distinction between them and the mass of refugees. The leadership drew its support and recruited its forces from the refugee camps. These camps no longer exist. They were all dosed down after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, but their legacy continues to haunt the refugees.

====Non-camp refugees====
These are the refugees who do not receive financial assistance from the government. They are mostly rich businessmen and professionals. Most of the Sri Lankan Tamils lives in the pockets of [[Chennai]], [[Tiruchirapalli district|Trichy]] and [[Kanyakumari]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Trivandrum]], [[Punalur]] in [[Kerala]].

====Recent developments====
Former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Mr.M.Karunanidhi assured that the Sri Lankan Tamil refugees living in and outside the camps would be granted Indian citizenship soon. Spiritual leader Sri Sri Ravi Shankar has backed Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi’s call to give Indian citizenship to Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://law.gaeatimes.com/2009/09/28/give-indian-citizenship-to-tamil-refugees-ravi-shankar-13200/|title=Give Indian citizenship to Tamil refugees: Ravi Shankar}}</ref>

==Prominent people==
* [[V. Kanakasabhai]]
* [[Balu Mahendra]]
* [[S._C._C._Anthony_Pillai]] was a trade unionist, politician and Indian Member of Parliament.
* [[H.S.Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref>
* [[J.E. Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref>
*[[Mona Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref>
*[[Major Willie Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref>
*[[Rohini Hensman]]<ref name="hinduonnet.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/29/stories/2004032900220300.htm|title=The Hindu : A forgotten one}}</ref>
* [[Raibahadur Williamspillai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceylontamils.com/search/family.php?individualID=11174|title=Ceylon Tamils}}</ref>
* [[Paul M. Jayarajan]] aka Marcus Jayarajan Paul<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/Handlist_J.htm|title=Descriptive handlist of papers collected|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000819025607/http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/Handlist_J.htm|archive-date=August 19, 2000|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[E. M. V. Naganathan]]
* [[Arumuka Navalar]]
*
* [[Donald Rutnam]]
* [[E. M. V. Naganathan]]
* [[J. K. Rithesh]]
* [[J. P. Chandrababu]]
*

==See also==

* [[List of countries where Tamil is an official language]]
* [[Sri Lankan Tamil people]]
* [[Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora]]
* [[Sri Lankan Tamils in Indian cinema]]
* [[List of Tamils of Sri Lanka#India|List of Sri Lankan Tamils in India]]
* [[Sri Lankans in India]]
* [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]]
* [[UNHCR Representation in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

* {{cite book | last = Refugee Studies Centre | title = Srilankan Tamil refugees in India : a journey without end | publisher = Refugee Studies Centre | date = 1996-01-01 | location = INDIA }}
* {{cite book | last = Refugee Studies Centre | title = Srilankan Tamil refugees in India | publisher = Refugee Studies Centre | date = Rejiigw, Vol. 13, No. 3 (June 1993) | location = INDIA }}

==External links==
* [http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/sri-lankan-tamil-refugees-stage-hunger-strike-in-coimbatore_100150230.html Sri Lankan Tamil refugees stage hunger strike]
* [http://www.oferr.org/ OFERR]
* [http://www.ujaen.es/huesped/rae/articulos2007/acharya0907.pdf Sri Lankan refugees]

{{Sri Lankan diaspora}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sri Lankan Tamils In India}}
[[Category:Tamil diaspora in Asia]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil society]]
[[Category:Refugees in India]]
[[Category:Immigration to India]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan diaspora in Asia]]
[[Category:History of Tamil Nadu (1947–present)]]

Sri Lankan Tamils in India - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* Prominent people */clean up

imported>Citation bot: Alter: title, template type. Add: date, work, authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation | #UCB_Category 1651/3979