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2021-11-12T14:02:11Z

Disambiguating links to Puja (link changed to Puja (Hinduism)) using DisamAssist.

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{{morefootnotes|date=December 2019}}
{{short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Shri Madiyan Koolom Temple
| image = Madiyan Koolom Temple1.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Sree Madiyan Koolom Temple
| map_type = Kerala
| map_caption = Location
| coordinates = {{coord|12|21|7|N|75|4|51|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = ശ്രീ മഡിയൻ കൂലോം
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Kasaragod District]]
| location = [[Kanhangad]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Kalarathri Amma (Goddess Bhadrakali)
*Kshetrapalan
*Nadayil Bhagavathi
| festivals = *Pattu Utsavam
*Kalasham Festival
| architecture = [[Hindu architecture]], [[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala style]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| temple_board = [[Devaswom boards in Kerala#Malabar Devaswom Board|Malabar Devaswom Board]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Temples under Malabar Devaswam Board, Division : Thalassery|url=http://www.malabardevaswom.kerala.gov.in/images/pdf/div_thalassery.pdf|publisher=Malabar Devaswam Board|accessdate=10 August 2013}}</ref>
| website =
}}
'''Sree Madiyan Koolom Temple''' is located near [[Kanhangad]] in the Indian state of [[Kerala State|Kerala]]. It is one of the most prominent [[Hindu temples]] in [[Kasargod district]], and is some 500 years old. It is dedicated to deity Kshetrapalakan Eswaran, the mother Goddess known as Kalarathri Amma ([[Bhadrakali]]).

One of the oldest temples in [[North Kerala]], Shri Madiyan Kulam is an ancient shrine. Sri Madiyan Kulam is the headquarters of the Allada Swaroopam Mookatham Nadu. The temple is known for its centuries-old wooden carvings and its epic poems. The poems portray the unity of different religions and castes. A peculiarity of this temple is that a Brahmin priest performs ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' only at noon, while the morning and evening ''poojas'' are performed by a sect called [[Maniyani (caste)|Maniyanis]].

[[File:Madiyan koolom kanhangad.jpg|thumb|Madiyan Koolom]]

== Legend and Etymology ==

Kshethrapalakan Eeshwaran is the main deity. Udinur Kovilakam is the head of Alladadesham, which stretches from [[Ajanur|Chittari]] to Olavara. Legend states that he decided to 'sit' when he found his niche, once he reached Madiyan on his journey from Udinur along with Vairajathan''.'' He was attracted by the smell of the ''[[Appam]]'' (which is still an offering in the 'Kooloth Appam temple') that was being prepared for Nadayil Bhagavathi, the main deity of Koolom at the time. Seeing this Sastha and other disciples who were accompanying him called Thampuran Madiya, which means lazy in [[Malayalam]] and which later came to be known as Madiyan Kshethra palakan.

[[File:Vairajathan Theyyam, Kaniyil Koolom IMG 6883.jpg|thumb|Vairajathan Theyyam]]

Thampuran or Kshethrapalakan later sat on the lap of Kaalarathriamma, a goddess who was in her 'furious form' and enjoyed a Mother's love and affection, eventually positioning himself facing towards the west of the temple. Another popular belief is that the word ''Madiyan'' originated from the fact that he sat on the lap (''Madi'' in Malayalam) of Kalarathriyamma. It was also an end to the Shaktheya puja that was performed there before. In memory of Shakteya pooja, ''kallu'' ([[palm toddy]]) and fish are still brought inside the temple on the day of Kalasham.

== History ==

The origins of the Sri Madiyan [[Kovilakam]] are found in devotional stories. It is also famous for a temple that had an entry for lower caste people even before the [[Temple Entry Proclamation]] in Kerala.

Eshwaran is the main deity, a symbol of religious unity. The ''Paattu'' festival in the month of ''Dhanu'' and ''Kalasham'' festival in ''Edavam'' are held together with unity and harmony, irrespective of [[Caste|castes]]. The temple exists as a link for [[Hindu-Muslim unity]] in the region. The devotion of the Muslims in this area and their respect for other religions was why the site where an Athiyal temple was located was allowed to become the site of the first mosque. The friendship between Muslims and Hindus is visible during the rituals.

The ''Kshethrapalakan'' came to the earth under the command of [[Shiva|Mahadeva]] to conquer Allada swaroopam, a town stretching from [[Chittari River]] in the north to the "Olavara" River in the south.

It was customary for the kings to name their country Swaroopam in those times. The region was ruled by an evil and ruthless lord known as Allohalan. At this time, Kerala Varma, son of [[Kolathiri]], fell in love with Pankipillayathiri Thamburatti of [[Zamorin of Calicut|Nediyirippu Swaroopam]]. In the ensuing protests, they both married. They had a desire to have their own country for their children. So they decided to conquer Allohalan's kingdom. Kerala Verma opened the fortress and owned it. Kerala Varma later worshipped Kshethrapalakan and Kalarathri, who helped him in his conquest. But most of the people around him were the people loyal to Allohalan. For this reason, "Moolchary Nairachan" was appointed in the temple, and he built a palace in [[Nileshwaram]] and continued ruling from there along with the queen.

Earlier, outer Kalasham was held during the 2nd of ''Edavam'' to worship Nadayil Bagavathi by performing ''[[Theyyam]]'', apart from Kshethrapalakan and Kaalarathriamma. It is believed to be complete only if all the country's inhabitants join it, a belief that continues today. Madiyan Koolom still exists as the headquarters of the Alladanadu.

== Order of Darshan ==
The temple follows a particular order to offer prayers or having darshan.

* Naagam
* Perattur Baghavathi
* Maanjali Amma
* Kshethrapalakan Eeshwaran
* Kaalarathriamma

== Architecture ==
The temple covers six {{convert|2.4|ha|acres|0|abbr=off}}. Half of the area consists of monuments built in traditional Kerala-style. The temple is famous for its sculptures and wooden carvings, depicting ancient stories from ''[[Ramayana]]'' and other epics. Most of the carvings are found in [[Nālukettu|Thekkini]], western [[Gopuram]] and the [[Mandapa]] near the pond. The Thekkini Mandapam near the temple kitchen has the etchings of [[Dakshayagam]], [[Seethaswayamvaram]] and the ''Vanayathra'' of [[Rama]] and [[Lakshmana]]. All the wooden etchings in this temple portion are partially or mostly destroyed due to continuous exposure to smoke from the kitchen. This was reported in the media without response or action by the authorities. Similarly, the wooden carvings of 12 ''Raashis'' and ''Navagraha devatas'' in the Gopuram pond have been destroyed by painting them silver.
[[File: Daru sculpture2.jpg|thumb|Daru sculpture at Madiyan Koolom Temple, Kasargode, Kerala, India]]
[[File:Daru sculpture4.jpg|thumb|Daru sculpture at Madiyan Koolom Temple, Kasargode, Kerala, India]]

The western gopuram shows instances of ''Amruthamadhanam'', ''Kaliyamardhanam'' and ''Ananthashayanam''. The etchings depicting the churning ocean of Palazhi using [[Vasuki]] to make ''Amrut'' ([[Kshir Sagar]]) look extraordinarily beautiful. The carvings include erotic wooden etchings similar to those of the [[Khajuraho]] temple in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Depiction of mythical characters include 'elephants with feathers'. The use and combination of natural colors obtained from unique plants and trees enhance the aesthetics. A [[mural painting]] of the [[Narasimha]] avatar of Lord [[Vishnu]] is another attraction. The temple houses two ponds. A small sculpture of a 'bowing' elephant is near the entrance, which is believed to curse any elephant about to enter the temple, as elephants are not permitted inside. A sculpture of a snake in one of the ponds is believed to be a curse as legend has it that the snake was sent to spew venom in the pond.

The temple paintings and carvings are in poor condition.

=== Theyyams ===
* Kshethrapalakan Eeshwaran
* Kalarathri Amma
* Nadayil Bhagavathi Theyyam

* Manavalan & Manavatty Theyyam
* Manjaliamma Theyyam

==See also==
*[[Kanhangad]]
*[[Nileshwaram]]
*[[Madhur Temple]]
*[[Ananthapura Lake Temple]]
*[[Temples of Kerala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*http://travelkannur.com/theyyam-kavu/kasaragod-kanhangad-madiyan-koolom-temple/
*https://www.justkerala.in/tourism/pilgrimage/temples/madiyan-kooloom-temple
*http://www.keralaculture.org/kerala-festivals/pattu-utsavam/72/3

[[Category:Hindu temples in Kasaragod district]]

Sree Madiyan Koolom Temple - Revision history

->Rodw: Disambiguating links to Puja (link changed to Puja (Hinduism)) using DisamAssist.