Dr P Varma: New article.

2022-12-20T10:26:45Z

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{{short description|Academic publisher}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Springer Nature
| logo = Springer Nature Logo.svg
| type = [[Privately held company|Privately held]] [[Limited partner#Germany|Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien]] with an {{Lang|de|[[Aktiengesellschaft]]}} as general partner
| industry = [[Publishing]]
| fate =
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founded = {{Start date and age|2015}}
| founder = 
| defunct = 
| hq_location = [[London]] (global) <br /> [[Berlin]] (corporate) <br /> [[New York City]] (sales)
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|[[Frank Vrancken Peeters]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}}
| products =
| owners = {{ubl|[[Holtzbrinck Publishing Group]] (53%)|[[BC Partners]] (47%)}}
| num_employees = 10,000
| num_employees_year = 2019
| revenue = [[US Dollar|US$]]1.72 billion
| revenue_year = 2019
| parent =
| website = {{URL|www.springernature.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name="sngpresse"/>
}}
'''Springer Nature''' or the '''Springer Nature Group'''<ref name="sngpresse">{{cite web |title=Über uns: Presse |lang=de |url=https://group.springernature.com/de/group/media |url-status=live |access-date=2021-03-09 |publisher=Springer Nature Group}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Türen für Entdeckungen Öffnen |lang=de |url=https://group.springernature.com/de/group |access-date=2021-03-08 |publisher=Springer Nature Group}}</ref> is a German-British [[academic publishing]] company created by the May 2015 merger of [[Springer Science+Business Media]] and [[Holtzbrinck Publishing Group]]'s [[Nature Publishing Group]], [[Palgrave Macmillan]], and [[Macmillan Education]].<ref name="springer-merger">{{cite web |url=https://www.springer.com/gp/about-springer/media/press-releases/corporate/springer-nature-created-following-merger-completion/256626 |title=Springer Nature created following merger completion |publisher=Springer}}</ref>

==History==
The company originates from a number of journals and publishing houses, notably [[Springer-Verlag]], which was founded in 1842 by [[Julius Springer]] in Berlin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knowledgespeak.com/newsArchieveviewdtl.asp?pickUpBatch=3187 |title=Springer celebrates 175 years since its founding |publisher=KnowledgeSpeak.com |access-date=April 6, 2018 |archive-date=28 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128003621/http://www.knowledgespeak.com/newsArchieveviewdtl.asp?pickUpBatch=3187 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (the grandfather of Bernhard Springer who founded [[Springer Publishing]] in 1950 in New York),<ref>
{{cite web
| title= Do you mean Springer, Springer or Springer?
| date=2014
| url= http://www.springer.com/gp/about-springer/company-information/know-your-springer/do-you-mean-springer-springer-or-springer-/18482
| website=Springer.com
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161227145959/http://www.springer.com:80/gp/about-springer/company-information/know-your-springer/do-you-mean-springer-springer-or-springer-/18482
| archive-date=27 December 2016
| url-status=dead
}}</ref> [[Nature Publishing Group]] which has published ''[[Nature (journal) | Nature]]'' since 1869,<ref>
{{cite web
| url=https://phys.org/journals/nature/
| title=Nature
| publisher=Phys.org
| access-date=April 6, 2018
}}</ref> and [[Macmillan Education]], which goes back to [[Macmillan Publishers]] founded in 1843.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us {{!}} Springer Nature {{!}} Corporate Affairs Homepage {{!}} Springer Nature|url=https://group.springernature.com/de/group/about-us|access-date=2021-03-09|website=group.springernature.com}}</ref>

Springer Nature was formed in 2015 by the merger of Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan and Macmillan Education (held by Holtzbrinck Publishing Group) with Springer Science+Business Media (held by [[BC Partners]]). Plans for the merger were first announced on 15 January 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nature publisher to merge with Springer|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/nature-publisher-to-merge-with-springer/2017985.article|access-date=April 6, 2018|publisher=Times Higher Education}}</ref> The transaction was concluded in May 2015 with Holtzbrinck having the majority 53% share.<ref>{{cite news|author=Caroline Carpenter|title=Completed merger forms 'Springer Nature'|publisher=The Bookseller|url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/completed-merger-forms-springer-nature|access-date=July 8, 2015}}</ref>

IPO attempts in May 2018 and Autumn 2020<ref>{{Cite news|title=Springer Nature Said to Kick Off 1 Billion-Euro IPO This Month|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-04/springer-nature-said-to-kick-off-1-billion-euro-ipo-this-month|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref> were unfruitful due to unfavorable market conditions.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schuetze|first=Arno|title=Weak demand forces Springer Nature to cancel $3.2 billion float at last minute|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-springer-nature-ipo-idUSKBN1I91FU|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Benjamin Robertson, Ruth David, Jan-Henrik Foerster|title=Europe IPO Revival Peters Out as Year's Top German Deal Delayed|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/bc-partners-backed-springer-nature-is-said-to-delay-german-ipo-kfsoqvii}}</ref>

In 2021, Springer Nature acquired Atlantis Press, an [[open access]] publisher founded 2006 in Paris, focusing on [[scientific, technical, and medical]] (STM) content, and publication of [[conference proceedings]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atlantis-press.com/about |title=About Atlantis Press |website=Atlantis Press |access-date=February 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://publishingperspectives.com/2021/03/springer-nature-acquires-paris-open-access-atlantis-press-covid19/ |title=Springer Nature Acquires Paris' Open Access Atlantis Pres |first=Porter |last=Anderson |website=Publishing Perspectives}}</ref>

== Current company ==
After the merger, former Springer Science+Business Media [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] [[Derk Haank]] became CEO of Springer Nature.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Derk J Haank, Springer Science+Business: Profile and Biography|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/3129261|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> When he retired by the end of 2017, he was succeeded by [[Daniel Ropers]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Derk Haank, Chief Executive Officer to retire and to be succeeded by Daniel Ropers|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/about-springer/media/press-releases/corporate/derk-haank--chief-executive-officer-to-retire-and-to-be-succeeded-by-daniel-ropers-/12477540|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.springer.com|language=en}}</ref> the co-founder and long-time CEO of [[bol.com]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/haank-depart-springer-nature-bolcom-s-ropers-takes-ceo-role-574476 |title=Bol.com's Ropers to take Haank's role at Springer Nature |publisher=The Bookseller}}</ref> In September 2019, Ropers was replaced by [[Frank Vrancken Peeters]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Executive Team {{!}} Corporate Affairs Homepage {{!}} Springer Nature|url=https://group.springernature.com/de/group/about-us/executive-team|access-date=2021-03-08|website=group.springernature.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://group.springernature.com/de/group/media/press-releases/springer-nature-announces-ceo-succession/17140728|title=Springer Nature Announces CEO Succession: Frank Vrancken Peeters appointed Chief Executive Officer. Daniel Ropers to step down. | Corporate Affairs Homepage | Springer Nature|website=group.springernature.com}}</ref>

The company is releasing a number of Policies & Reports,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Policies, Reports and Acts {{!}} Springer Nature {{!}} Corporate Affairs Homepage {{!}} Springer Nature|url=https://group.springernature.com/de/group/taking-responsibility/policies-reports-acts|access-date=2021-03-08|website=group.springernature.com}}</ref> including a [[Modern Slavery Act 2015|Modern Slavery Act]] statement, a Tax strategy, a [[gender pay gap]] report for Springer Nature’s UK operations,<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2019-08-11|title=Springer Nature reports 15.12% pay gap | publisher=The Bookseller|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/springer-nature-reports-1512-pay-gap-755411|website=www.thebookseller.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Springer Nature Gender Pay Gap Report – April 2018 - EN {{!}} Corporate Affairs Homepage {{!}} Springer Nature|url=https://group.springernature.com/gp/group/springer-nature-gender-pay-gap-report-april-2018-en/16508070|access-date=2021-03-08|website=group.springernature.com}}</ref> Editorial and publishing policies, [[Code of conduct]], etc.

=== Brands ===
The following major brands belong to the group (see also Subsidiaries):<ref>{{Cite web|title=Springer Nature Group {{!}} Corporate Affairs Homepage {{!}} Springer Nature|url=https://group.springernature.com/gp/group|access-date=2021-03-08|website=group.springernature.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]''
* [[Springer.com]]
* [[BioMed Central]]
* [[Scientific American]]
* Heinrich Vogel Verlag<ref>{{Cite web|title=Heinrich Vogel Shop|url=https://www.heinrich-vogel-shop.de/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.heinrich-vogel-shop.de}}</ref>
*[[SciGraph]]

==Controversies==

In 2017, the company agreed to block access to hundreds of articles on its Chinese site, cutting off access to articles on Tibet, Taiwan, and China's political elite.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hernández|first=Javier C.|title=Leading Western Publisher Bows to Chinese Censorship (Published 2017)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/01/world/asia/china-springer-nature-censorship.html|access-date=2021-03-08|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=The Mystery of the Exiled Billionaire Whistle-Blower | work=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/10/magazine/the-mystery-of-the-exiled-billionaire-whistleblower.html?login=email&auth=login-email | date=January 10, 2018| last1=Hilgers | first1=Lauren }}</ref>

The company retracted a paper in 2019, in its journal ''BMC Emergency Medicine'' due to dubious peer-review process (a herpetologist could have denied the publication of the paper).<ref>{{cite web |title=A snake bites once, but its picture is used twice |url=https://retractionwatch.com/2020/04/03/great-snakes-image-mixup-helps-doom-snakebite-paper/#more-119209 |author=retractionwatch}}</ref>

In August 2020, Springer Nature was reported to have rejected the publication of an article at the behest of its co-publisher, [[Wenzhou Medical University]], from a Taiwanese doctor because the word "China" was not placed after "Taiwan."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tang|first=Jane|title=Springer Nature Journal Rejects Article by Taiwan Doctor Over Country Name|work=[[Radio Free Asia]]|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/article-09012020091523.html|access-date=1 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/taiwan-academics-told-to-identify-as-chinese-in-journal-srsbd7jss|title=Taiwan academics told to identify as Chinese in journal|author=Charlie Parker|work=[[The Times]]}}</ref>

In July 2020, Springer Nature retracted a paper in the journal ''[[Society (journal)|Society]]'' due to dubious review process and criticism regarding racism.<ref>{{cite web |title=Springer Nature retracts paper that hundreds called 'overtly racist' |url=https://retractionwatch.com/2020/07/31/springer-nature-retracts-paper-that-hundreds-called-overtly-racist/ |author=retractionwatch}}</ref>

In November 2021, Springer Nature retracted 44 nonsense papers from the ''Arabian Journal of Geosciences'' after a lapse in the peer review process.<ref>{{cite news |author=Isaac Schultz |title=Science Publisher Retracts 44 Papers for Being Utter Nonsense |work=Gizmodo |url=https://gizmodo.com/science-publisher-retracts-44-papers-for-being-utter-no-1848004690}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Marcus |first=Adam |title=Springer Nature geosciences journal retracts 44 articles filled with gibberish |work=Retraction Watch |url=https://retractionwatch.com/2021/11/04/springer-nature-geosciences-journal-retracts-44-articles-filled-with-gibberish/ |access-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref>

== Subsidiaries ==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Adis International]]
* Apress
* Asser Press
* [[BioMed Central]]
* Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
* J. B. Metzler
* [[Macmillan Education]]
* [[Nature Research]]
* [[Palgrave Macmillan]]
* [[Scientific American]]
* Springer Healthcare
* [[Springer VS]]
* [[Springer Verlag]]
* [[Springer Gabler]]
* [[Springer Vieweg Verlag]]
* [[Springer Medizin]]
* Springer Pflege
* Springer Nature Technology and Publishing Solutions
* [[SciGraph]]
}}

== Further reading ==
* [https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/17747022/data/v8 Fact Sheet 2022] (linked PDF)
* [https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/17747030/data/v16 Fact Sheet Open Access 2022] (linked PDF)
* [https://group.springernature.com/gp/group/media Springer Nature Group Press Office]

== See also ==

* [[Publishing]]
* [[Scientific publication]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://springernature.com/}}

{{Holtzbrinck}}
[[Category:Academic publishing companies]]
[[Category:Multinational publishing companies]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 2015]]
[[Category:Holtzbrinck Publishing Group]]
[[Category:Springer Science+Business Media| ]]

{{Publish-company-stub}}

Springer Nature - Revision history

Dr P Varma: New article.