imported>Chidananda Kampa at 16:25, 26 August 2021

2021-08-26T16:25:53Z

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{{short description|Indian special force}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
|agencyname = Special Protection Group
|nativename =
|nativenamea =
|nativenamer =
|commonname =
|abbreviation = SPG
|patch =
|patchcaption =
|logo = Special Protection Group Emblem.png
|logocaption = SPG Seal
|badge =
|badgecaption =
|flag = Special_Protection_Group_Flag.jpg
|flagcaption = SPG Standard
|motto =
|mottotranslated = Bravery, Dedication, Security
|formed = {{Start date and age|1985|04|08|df=yes}}
|preceding1 =
|employees = 3,000 active personnel<ref name="The Military Balance 2017">{{cite book |last1=(IISS) |first1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2017 |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781857439007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
|volunteers =
|budget = {{INRConvert|592.5|c}}<small>(2020-21 est.)</small><ref>{{cite web |title=MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS |url=http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe48.pdf |website=indiabudget.gov.in |access-date=12 September 2018}}</ref>
|nongovernment =
|country = India
|countryabbr =
|federal = Yes
|map =
|mapcaption =
|sizearea =
|sizepopulation =
|legalpersonality =
|legaljuris = opsjuris
|governingbody = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
|governingbodyscnd =
|constitution1 = [http://www.spg.nic.in/spgact.html Special Protection Group Act, 1988]
|speciality1 = protection
|overviewtype =
|headquarters = [[New Delhi]]
|hqlocmap =
|hqlocleft =
|hqloctop =
|hqlocmappoptitle =
|sworntype =
|sworn =
|unsworntype =
|unsworn =
|electeetype = Cabinet Secretariat of India
|minister1name =
|minister1pfo =
|chief1name = Arun Kumar Sinha, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
|chief1position = Director, SPG
|unittype =
|unitname =
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|uniformedas =
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|international = India and abroad<ref>Section 6, Special Protection Group Act, 1988</ref>
|anniversary1 =
|award1 =
|website ={{URL|http://spg.nic.in/}}
|footnotes =
|reference =
}}
The '''Special Protection Group''' ('''SPG''') is an Indian paramilitary force whose sole objective is providing [[Bodyguard|proximate security]] to the [[Prime Minister of India]]. It was formed in 1988 by an Act of the [[Parliament of India]].<ref name="THE SPECIAL PROTECTION GROUP ACT 1988 ,22">{{cite web|last=The Gazette of India|title=THE SPECIAL PROTECTION GROUP ACT 1988 [AS AMENDED IN 1991, 1994 & 1999]|url=http://www.spg.nic.in/spgact.htm|work=No. 30|publisher=The Government of India|access-date=22 May 2014|location=New Delhi|date= 7 June 1988| url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020174517/http://www.spg.nic.in/spgact.htm |archive-date=20 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-01-08/india/27781362_1_spg-act-spg-personnel-proximate-security | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113080838/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-01-08/india/27781362_1_spg-act-spg-personnel-proximate-security | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-11-13 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Mayawati not entitled to SPG cover under law}}</ref> The SPG provides executive protection to the Prime Minister both in India and on international trips anywhere in the world, as well as to the Prime Minister's immediate family members residing with them at their official residence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/no-special-protection-group-cover-to-sonia-gandhi-family/article29931633.ece|title=Govt. ends SPG protection for Sonia, Rahul & Priyanka|date=9 November 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SPG amendment bill passed in Lok Sabha |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/spg-amendment-bill-passed-in-lok-sabha/articleshow/72261106.cms |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=27 November 2019}}</ref> Family members, however, may decline security.

Previously, the SPG's mandate included protecting the Prime Minister's "parents, wife and children" resident anywhere in India, as well as former Prime Ministers' dependents for five years after leaving office. However, the [[Special Protection Group (Amendment) Act, 2019]] reduced such mandate<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-essential/what-is-the-special-protection-group-and-why-manmohan-singhs-security-cover-was-removed/282179/|title=What is the Special Protection Group and why Manmohan Singh's security cover was removed|date=26 August 2019|work=The Print|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref> Currently, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] is the only SPG protectee.

==History==
Before 1981, the security of the Prime Minister at their official residence was the responsibility of the Special Security District of the [[Delhi Police]], under the command of a [[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]] (DCP). In October 1981, a [[Special Task Force (India)|Special Task Force]] (STF) was established by the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB) to provide transportation security and road escorts for Prime Minister during travels in and out of [[New Delhi]].

After the assassination of Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] by two of her Delhi Police security personnel in October 1984, a review was undertaken by a Committee of Secretaries of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Given the breach, it was decided to entrust security of the Prime Minister to an exclusive unit under direct control of the STF to provide proximate security both in [[New Delhi]] and outside. These decisions were taken as short-term measures.

On 18 February 1985, the Ministry of Home Affairs set up the ''Birbal Nath Committee'' to examine the issue and submit recommendations for prime ministerial security. In March 1985, the ''Committee'' submitted its recommendation for the raising of a Special Protection Unit (SPU). On 30 March 1985, the [[President of India]], by executive order, created 819 posts for the unit within the [[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]]. The name of the unit was re-christened ''Special Protection Group,'' to be led by a Director who would be an [[Indian Police Service]] officer with the rank of [[Inspector General of Police]].

S. Subramaniam, then Joint Director (VIP Security) in the Intelligence Bureau, assumed office as Director of the SPG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spg.nic.in/aboutus.html|title=About Us :: SPG, Govt. of India|website=www.spg.nic.in|access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref> Initially, the establishment of the SPG necessitated a special delineation of responsibility to various agencies concerned with the security of the Prime Minister. The ''Blue Book'', the then-previous containing security guidelines for the protection of the Prime Minister, was amended to incorporate new proximate security protocols.

Under the new arrangements, on domestic visits, the Intelligence Bureau and concerned State Police were responsible for coordination, collection and dissemination of intelligence affecting the Prime Minister's security. State Police and the SPG would then provide physical security arrangements for the Prime Minister in two-layers. The SPG operated under the authority of its constituting executive order for three years without legislation, from April 1985 to June 1988. That year, the [[Rajiv Gandhi]] Government passed the Special Protection Group Act to codify the order's provisions.

At the time, the Act only permitted security for the Prime Minister and his immediate relatives. When Rajiv Gandhi left office in 1989, he ceased to receive protection as [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|Leader of the Opposition]]. This occurred despite the significant threat profile following his Government's military intervention in the [[Sri Lankan Civil War]]. In May 1991, Gandhi was assassinated at a political rally in Tamil Nadu by a suicide bomber. After his assassination, the ''SPG Act'' was amended to provide security to former Prime Ministers and their immediate families for a period of 10 years from the date on which the former Prime Minister ceased to hold office.<ref name=":0" /> Prior to the conclusion of this period, a security review would be conducted by the IB to determine a protectee's current threat profile and the need for any extensions (which would last five years). For this reason, Rajiv Gandhi's widow, [[Sonia Gandhi]], and her two children continued to receive SPG protection for 28 years (until 2019) owing to her activity in politics as [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of the Indian National Congress]].

On 27 November 2019, the Parliament of India passed the [[Special Protection Group (Amendment) Act, 2019|Special Protection Group (Amendment Act), 2019]] which reduced SPG cover only to the PM and his immediate family members residing with him at his official residence. Under the amended legislation, former Prime Ministers are eligible for an extension of their protection for up to five years after leaving office, subject to a threat assessment by the Intelligence Bureau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=195095|title=English Releases|website=pibarchive.nic.in|access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref> The amendment was controversial, given that it would strip SPG protection from Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi (despite their activity in politics as senior members of the opposition [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress)]], former Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] as well as [[Heeraben Modi|Heeraben]] and [[Jashodaben Modi]], the mother and estranged wife, respectively, of incumbent Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. Modi lives alone at his official residence, [[7, Lok Kalyan Marg|7 Lok Kalyan Marg]], in New Delhi.

==Command and control==
The "general superintendence, direction and control" of the SPG is exercised by the Government of India.<ref name="THE SPECIAL PROTECTION GROUP ACT 1988 ,22"/> The head of the force, the Director, formally serves as the Joint Secretary (Security) in the [[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]] and is responsible for "the command and supervision" of the force.<ref name="THE SPECIAL PROTECTION GROUP ACT 1988 ,22"/> The director of the SPG since its inception has been an officer of the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) and holds the rank of Director General of Police.<ref name="TOI 3 nov">{{cite news|title=Prasad's appointment as SPG chief stuns many|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Prasads-appointment-as-SPG-chief-stuns-many/articleshow/10586063.cms|access-date=23 May 2014|newspaper=Times of India|date=3 November 2011}}</ref>

The SPG does not directly recruit personnel, who are instead drawn from [[Central Armed Police Forces]] and [[Railway Protection Force]]. Personnel from these services may apply for deputation to the SPG and undergo a rigorous physical assessment, psychological profile and enhanced security screening. Deputation to the SPG usually lasts five-years, but may be extended by the Director. Officers of the SPG, responsible for leadership and senior coordination, are selected from the IPS.

==Organization==
The Director is assisted by number of Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors, Joint Assistant Directors.<ref name="THE SPECIAL PROTECTION GROUP ACT 1988 ,22"/><ref name="TOI 3 nov"/> The SPG is divided broadly into the following four categories:
* Operations: Performs actual protection duties. In the Operations Branch, there are sub-components such as the Communications Wing, Technical Wing and Transport Wing.
* Training: Trains new and existing personnel on a continuous basis. The SPG trains officers in physical efficiency, [[marksmanship]], anti-[[sabotage]] checks, communication and other operative aspects connected with close protection drills and influencing security. The training programme is constantly reviewed and updated to effectively thwart threats from newer areas and in keeping with existing threat perception.
* Intelligence and Tours: [[Threat assessment]], internal [[intelligence]] pertaining to personnel, verification of character and antecedents and other allied jobs.
* Administration: Deals with human resources, finance, procurement and other related matters.

==Uniform and dress ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2019}}
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi met and exchanged new year greetings with the PMO officials and SPG personnel, at Lok Kalyan Marg, in New Delhi on January 02, 2018 (4).jpg|alt=|thumb|The Prime Minister greeting his SPG security detail and PMO officials. He is surrounded by SPG personnel with their uniforms of a western-style business suit and sunglasses.]]
During the winter and on international assignments, SPG personnel assigned to the Prime Minister's personal and residential details wear a Western-style formal [[business suit]] with dark sunglasses, a two-way encrypted communication earpiece and concealed handguns. During the summer, they wear a [[safari suit]] – amidst India's hot weather – with an untucked shirt to conceal their weapons and other equipment. Domestically, certain personnel providing close-quarters protection carry [[FN Herstal|FN-Herstal]] P90 submachine guns and foldable ballistic shields in the form of briefcases (for immediate tactical responses). Previously, when the SPG protected dependents of former Prime Ministers, their personal security officers often wore plain clothes to blend into public environments.

On certain occasions, such as the Prime Minister's Independence Day Speech at the [[Red Fort]] and Republic Day Parade on [[Rajpath]] in New Delhi, SPG uniformed tactical personnel will wear gear over a black shirt and brown utility pants, with the word "POLICE" inscribed in reflective white on their bulletproof vests. Additionally, their personal equipment include FN-Herstal F2000 assault rifles, dark-visor goggles/sunglasses with inbuilt communication earpieces, [[bulletproof vest]]s, gloves and elbow/knee pads.

==Current SPG cover==

[[Narendra Modi]], the incumbent [[Prime Minister of India]], is currently the only person under SPG protection. [[Sonia Gandhi]] and her children, [[Rahul Gandhi]] and [[Priyanka Gandhi]], as well as her two children (Raihan and Miraya) were granted SPG protection for 28 years from 1991 to 2019. Two of their family members, former Prime Ministers [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi]], were assassinated in 1984 and 1991, respectively, with the Government of India assessing a continued threat to their safety. On 8 November 2019, the [[Government of India]] withdrew their SPG security details and accorded them with [[Security categories in India|Z+ Security]]. This decision followed the government's withdrawal of an SPG detail for Modi's predecessor, [[Manmohan Singh]].

Additionally, under terms of the [[Special Protection Group (Amendment) Act, 2019]], SPG security details for Modi's estranged wife, [[Jashodaben Modi|Jashodaben]], and mother, Heeraben, were withdrawn that same year. The Act amended the SPG's legal mandate to protect the incumbent Prime Minister's "parents, wife and children" to "immediate family members residing (with the Prime Minister) at his official residence."<ref>https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/214563.pdf</ref>

SPG protectees are, by law, exempt from security screening at all airports in India and may access VIP lounges at airports operated by the [[Airports Authority of India]]. Additionally, they are exempt from security screening when entering certain official buildings, including the Prime Minister's Office and Residence.

== Arms and equipment ==
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, at Rajpath, on the occasion of the 69th Republic Day Parade 2018, in New Delhi on January 26, 2018.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister Narendra Modi surrounded by SPG at Republic Day Parade 2018.]]
=== Weapons ===

*[[FN Herstal]] [[F2000]]<ref name="unnithan2008"/>- Special Intervention Unit (SIU)
*[[FN SCAR]]- Special Intervention Unit (SIU)
* [[FN Herstal]] [[FN Five-seven|Five-seveN]],<ref name="unnithan2008">{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&&issueid=68&id=13607&sectionid=3&Itemid=1&page=in&latn=2 |title=If looks could kill |author=Unnithan, Sandeep |date=22 August 2008 |publisher=India Today |access-date=4 April 2009}}</ref><ref name="unnithanprint2008">Unnithan, Sandeep (1 September 2005). "SPG Gets More Teeth". India Today (ISSN 0254-8399).</ref>- Special Agents, SIU and Uniformed Officers
* [[Glock 17]] or [[Glock 19]] - Uniformed Officers
* [[FN Herstal]] [[FN P90|P90]]<ref name="unnithan2008" /><ref name="unnithanprint2008" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040861831000.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411041836/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040861831000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2009 |title=Mumbai Police's Modernisation Programme Built Around Outdated, Inappropriate Weapons |author=Swami, Praveen |access-date=29 August 2009 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=8 April 2009}}</ref> -Uniformed Officers only
* [[Indian Ordnance Factories|IOF]] [[Modern Sub Machine Carbine]] - Selected to be used by the SPG after trials in 2019

===Vehicles===
The Prime Minister's motorcade comprises a fleet of vehicles, the core of which consists of at least three armored [[BMW 7 Series]] sedans, two armored [[Range Rover (L405)|Range Rovers]], at least 8-10 [[BMW X5]]s, six [[Toyota Fortuner]]s/[[Toyota Land Cruiser|Land Cruisers]] and at least two [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]] ambulances. A Tata Safari ECM car also accompanies the convoy, besides many more escort vehicles.

*[[BMW 7 Series (F01)|BMW 760Li (F03) High-Security]]

These customized armoured variants of the standard 2015 [[BMW 7 Series (F01)|BMW 760Li]] long-wheelbase sedan are used to transport the Prime Minister. They are certified with VR7 in the BRV 2009 ballistics protection ratings, and can defend occupants from anything between landmine blasts and machine-gun fire. Security upgrades include undercarriage armour, 76 mm (3 in) thick multi-layer laminated glass and armour plating on the doors, roof, body pillars, front footwell and rear bulkhead. They have run-flat tyres which can run deflated for kilometers. The cars are fitted with advanced heat sensors to ward off missiles and bombs. While the fuel tanks are Kevlar-sealed so as not to explode during an attack, their cabins also turn into gas-proof chambers and ensure fresh oxygen supply to secure the occupants in cases of chemical and biological attacks. Other rumoured{{by whom|date=April 2019}} features include an intercom system between the passengers and the driver, an alarm, a fire extinguisher with temperature sensor, irritant gas sensors (to warn of dangerous gasses in the passenger area), and a compartment for two machine guns in the center console. Due to the added weight of the security upgrades, suspension components such as the [[shock absorber]]s and strut tops are upgraded as compared to a normal 760Li.

For official movement, the [[Flag of India|Indian flag]] is fender-mounted on the driver's side of the vehicles, and if taken abroad, the flag of the foreign country is fender-mounted on the passenger's side.

* [https://www.landrover.com/vehicles/17my/range-rover/sentinel/index.html Range Rover (L405) Sentinel]

These armoured variants of the standard wheelbase 2016 [[Range Rover (L405)|Range Rover Autobiography]] SUV are used as backup to the BMW 760Li sedans for transportation of the Prime Minister. If not being used by the Prime Minister himself/herself, they are used to transport members of the Prime Minister's immediate family accompanying him/her as part of the motorcade. These SUVs are armoured by [[Jaguar Land Rover|Land Rover's]] Special Vehicle Operations facility in [[Coventry]], [[England]], and are certified with VR8 in the BRV 2009 ballistics protection ratings. They can withstand some of the most damaging and targeted of threats, including penetration by 7.62mm high velocity armour piercing incendiary bullets, they can protect occupants against up to 15 kg lateral [[TNT|Trinitrotoluene (TNT)]] blasts and defend against DM51 grenade explosions from both beneath the floor and above the sunroof. Run-flat tyres allow the vehicle to be driven even if the tyres are deflated. The chassis is reinforced with super-high-strength steel, and the standard glass has been replaced by multi-laminated armoured privacy glass of optical quality. The suspension is upgraded as compared to the standard Range Rover, while an anti-tamper exhaust, self-sealing fuel tank, auxiliary back-up battery and split-charging battery system provide added protection and security.

Just like the BMW 760Li's, the Indian flag is fender-mounted on the driver's side of the vehicles. However, these SUVs, even if taken abroad, do not bear the flag of the foreign country, and will instead have the Indian flag itself or a flag with the [[State Emblem of India]] fender-mounted on the passenger's side.

*[[BMW X5 (F15)|BMW X5 (F15) Security Plus]], [[Toyota Fortuner|Toyota Fortuner (AN160)]], [[Toyota Land Cruiser|Toyota Land Cruiser (J200)]]

These SUVs carry the SPG Special Agents and Uniformed Officers assigned to the Prime Ministerial Security Detail. At least 8 BMW X5s, 6 Fortuners and 2 Land Cruisers accompany the motorcade at all times. The X5s in particular are armoured to VR6 in the BRV 2009 ratings, but the protection levels on the Toyota SUVs are undisclosed.

* [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]]

These are armoured tactical medical support vehicles to the Prime Minister, at least two of which are always spotted to the rear of the motorcade. They carry at least a litre of the Prime Minister's blood type, for emergency transfusions.

* [[Tata Safari|Tata Safari Storme]] Electronic Countermeasures Vehicle

This vehicle is used to counter guided attacks, such as IEDs, Rocket Propelled Grenades, and Anti-Tank Guided Missiles. The antennas mounted on the roof are used in barrage jamming applications and for scouting purposes, the primary method used to counter IED threats. The antenna configuration can be changed according to threat level, for instance, taller antennas are used to increase the jamming protection distance, or change jamming frequency ranges. There are two dome-shaped EW Sensors. The EW sensors are millimetre-wave radars used to detect the launch of an RPG (Rocket Propelled Grenades) or laser range finder illumination and launch of an Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM).

===Air transport===
*[[Air India One]]: Air India One, also referred to as AI1, is the call sign of any aircraft carrying the President of India, Vice President of India or the Prime Minister of India. These flights are operated as VIP flights by the [[Indian Air Force|Indian Air Force (IAF)]]. Previously, one of two modified [[Boeing 747-400]] passenger aircraft, used otherwise for normal service, would be utilized for the Prime Minister's overseas travel. However, in 2020, these were replaced with two customized [[Boeing 777-300ER]] aircraft with distinct national markings – built in the United States along the lines of [[Air Force One]]. Additionally, for domestic flights, the IAF currently owns four 14-seater [[Embraer Legacy 600|Embraer-135]] aircraft and three customized 46-seater [[Boeing Business Jet]] (BBJ) [[Boeing 737|737s]] that have a VIP cabin. PM Narendra Modi once used an Indian Air Force [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|Lockheed C-130J]] during his visit to Sri Lanka.

[[File:"Air India One" VT-ESO "Khajuraho" landing PM Modi and Harper at YYZ (16573643533).jpg|alt=|thumb|Air India One Boeing 747 aircraft]]

* [[Mi-17]] helicopters: The [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Defence Ministry]] has approved the "conversion" of six new [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]] V5s to replace the old Mi-8 helicopters with IAF's elite Communications Squadron to ferry the President and Prime Minister. Mi-17 V5s have advanced avionics, on-board navigation systems and night-vision devices. The SPG wanted the helicopters to have "high tail booms" to allow cars to come right next to the rear exit staircase without "exposing" passengers to a threat from anyone in the vicinity, additional transit range, better [[crashworthiness]] and armour protection.

==Contact with the media==
Members of the SPG are barred by the SPG Act from contact with the media or from publishing or collaborating in the publication of "any book, letter or other document" related to their work, including upon retirement from government service.<ref name="THE SPECIAL PROTECTION GROUP ACT 1988 ,22"/> The SPG and its personnel are exempt from any information disclosure requests under the [[Right to Information Act, 2005]].

Additionally, given Indira Gandhi's assassination by her Sikh security personnel (in response to her ordering of [[Operation Blue Star]]) and the continued presence of ethnoreligious political tensions in India, it is rumored that no Muslim or Sikh personnel are deputized to the SPG by virtue of their faith. These rumors have never been confirmed.

==See also==
* [[Special Forces of India]]
* [[National Security Guard]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Special Protection Group}}
* {{Cite web |author=SPG |title=Special Protection Group |url=http://www.spg.nic.in }}: Official Website of SPG
* [http://www.spg.nic.in/spgact.html] Gazette notification of Special Protection Group Act
* [http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?issueid=68&id=&option=com_registration&task=homegallery&home=1&exist=yes&thumbid=173&assignedid=175&start_bottom=0] new wing of SPG.

{{Law enforcement in India}}

[[Category:Special forces of India]]
[[Category:Protective security units]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1985]]

Special Protection Group - Revision history

Bot at 09:15, 14 September 2022

imported>Chidananda Kampa at 16:25, 26 August 2021