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Taxonomy: General & WP:TOL cleanup; WP:GenFixes on

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[[File:southern plains grey langur (Semnopithecus dussumieri) male.jpg|thumb|Male, [[Kanha National Park]], [[India]]]]
[[File:Hanuman Langur or Gray Langur.jpg|thumb|''[[Semnopithecus dussumieri]]'' (southern plains grey langur) sitting on a park bench in [[Nandankanan Zoological Park]], Bhubaneshwar]]
[[File:Southern Plains Gray Langur area.png|thumb|Range that had been attributed to the southern plains gray langur]]

'''Southern plains gray langur''' was the [[common name]] ascribed to ''Semnopithecus dussumieri'' by ''Mammal Species of the World'' (3rd edition) in 2005.<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Groves | pages = 174 | id=12100695}}</ref> Along with several other ''Semnopithecus'', it had been previously considered a subspecies of the
[[northern plains gray langur]], ''Semnopithecus entellus'', i.e., ''Semnopithecus entellus dussumieri''.<ref name=iucn>{{Cite journal | author = Groves, C. P. | author2 = Chhangani, A. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Semnopithecus dussumieri'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2008 | page = e.T39835A10274796 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39835/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T39835A10274796.en | access-date = 12 January 2018}}</ref> Subsequent genetic research has revealed that ''Semnopithecus dussumieri'' is an invalid taxon. These monkeys live in groups in forests and other rural habitats, with some groups being habituated to human contact and feeding. They are herbivorous, feeding by day mainly on foliage, fruits and flowers, and sleeping at night high in a tree.

==Taxonomy==
The taxonomy of [[gray langur]]s has been in a state of flux. At first, all gray langurs were included in a single species, ''Semnopithecus entellus'', with several subspecies, but more recently some authorities have elevated these to species status.<ref name=Wisconsin/> The southern plains gray langur<ref name=msw3/> was the [[common name]] ascribed to ''Semnopithecus dussumieri'' by ''Mammal Species of the World'' (3rd edition) in 2005.<ref name=msw3/> Along with several other ''Semnopithecus'', it had been previously considered a subspecies of the [[northern plains gray langur]], ''Semnopithecus entellus'', i.e., ''Semnopithecus entellus dussumieri''.<ref name=iucn/> Subsequent genetic research has revealed that ''Semnopithecus dussumieri'' is an invalid taxon.<ref name=asian>{{cite journal |author=Roos, C. |author2=Boonratana, R. |author3=Supriatna, J. |author4=Fellowes, J.R. |author5=Groves, C.P. |author6=Nash, S.D. |author7=Rylands, A.B. |author8=Mittermeier, R.A. |year=2014 |title=An updated taxonomy and conservation status review of Asian primates |journal=Asian Primates Journal |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=2−38|url=http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/25106535/1403670682630/2014June24_APJ_Vol4_1.pdf?token=EY6Cm%2BAdyf9lSBug8Jv%2BeF%2B%2BPDM%3D|access-date=2018-08-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Nag|first=C.|author2=Karanth, P. |title=Taxonomic Implications of a Field Study of Morphotypes of Hanuman Langurs (''Semnopithecus entellus'') in Peninsular India.|journal=International Journal of Primatology|year=2011|volume=32|issue=4|pages=830–848|url=http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/pubs/ces_pubs/pubs_2011/theme1_05.pdf|doi=10.1007/s10764-011-9504-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Semnopithecus|url=https://mammaldiversity.org/#c2Vtbm9waXRoZWN1cyZnbG9iYWxfc2VhcmNoPXRydWUmbG9vc2U9dHJ1ZQ|publisher=Mammal Diversity Database|access-date=2019-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Semnopithecus dussumieri|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=944690#null|publisher=ITIS|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> As a result, most populations of gray langurs that had been considered to be southern plains gray langur are considered to be populations of northern plains gray langurs ''S. entellus''.<ref name=asian/>

==Description==
The populations formerly regarded as southern plains gray langur are among the smaller gray langurs, with a height of about {{convert|62|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, a tail longer than the body and a weight of about {{convert|12|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}. The hair on the top of their heads are cream-coloured, the body fur is grayish-brown or purplish-brown and the underparts are yellowish. The face and ears are black as are the hands and feet, and sometimes the ends of the limbs. When they move around, they carry their tails pointing backwards.<ref name=Wisconsin>{{cite web |url=http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/gray_langur/taxon |title=Primate fact sheet: Gray langur, ''Semnopithecus'' |publisher=Primate Info Net |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
The populations that had been considered to be southern plains gray langur are native to western, central and south-western India. They are found in various forest habitats, both humid and dry, and in dry scrubby locations, and have adapted to live in close proximity to humans, visiting agricultural areas, orchards, grassland and villages.<ref name=Wisconsin/>

==Ecology==
The diet mainly consists of leaves, fruits and flowers, supplemented by insects, gum and soil. The food is mostly gathered from trees and shrubs, but grasses and small herbs are also eaten. A range of other foods are also eaten such as cultivated plants, tubers and roots. The monkeys are often fed by humans and accept cakes, millet, and other foods. The diet varies according to the time of year and food availability. In some areas, cattle and deer will stand under trees where the langurs are feeding and consume the edible pieces that they drop.<ref name=Wisconsin/> The monkeys are preyed on by [[leopard]]s, [[tiger]]s and [[dhole]]s, and they sometimes [[Mobbing (animal behavior)|mob]] [[snake]]s.<ref name=Wisconsin/>

Groups may consist of a mature male with several females and their offspring of different ages; or they may be larger mixed-sex groups, or groups of different sizes formed entirely of males. Females often remain permanently in their natal group while males change groups more often. The dominant male in a mixed-sex group fathers all or most of the young. The incidence of [[infanticide]] is high and dominant females are more likely to raise their young successfully. The gestation period is about two hundred days and weaning takes place at about thirteen months. Females are sociable towards each other and much infant care is provided by females other than the mother. The southern plains gray langur can live for about thirty years.<ref name=Wisconsin/>

==Status==
The populations that had been regarded as southern plains gray langur have a very wide range and are common. It faces no particular threats and when it was considered a species the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] assessed its conservation status as being of [[Least-concern species|least concern]]. It is illegal to kill or capture these monkeys, but the law is not well known or well enforced, and many are used for public entertainment or kept as pets. They are considered sacred and some are used by Hindu priests for religious purposes. They have adapted to living in close proximity to humans in urban settings and occasionally get killed on the road. In rural areas, they may be persecuted by farmers when they raid crops. They are also sometimes hunted for food, and certain parts of their body are used for lucky charms.<ref name=WLT>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldlandtrust.org/species/mammals/southern-plains-grey-langur/ |title=Southern plains gray langur |publisher=World Land Trust |access-date=22 May 2020 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Semnopithecus dussumieri|''Semnopithecus dussumieri''}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Semnopithecus dussumieri|''Semnopithecus dussumieri''}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1194850}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:langur, gray, southern plains}}
[[Category:Monkeys in India]]
[[Category:Semnopithecus|southern plains gray langur]]
[[Category:Mammal common names]]

Southern plains gray langur - Revision history

imported>Tom.Reding: /* Taxonomy */General & WP:TOL cleanup; WP:GenFixes on