Krunal: IMF update...

2023-10-12T00:37:14Z

IMF update...

Manish1234: CE

2023-09-29T23:48:26Z

← Older revision	Revision as of 05:18, 30 September 2023
(No difference)

Manish1234: CE

2023-09-29T23:48:26Z

Show changes

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

2022-10-09T16:59:51Z

robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:29, 9 October 2022
(No difference)

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

2022-10-09T16:59:51Z

robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:29, 9 October 2022
(No difference)

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

2022-10-09T16:59:51Z

robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

Show changes

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-06-29T20:42:56Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

Show changes

CleanupBot: /* top */robot: remove incorrect protection templates

2022-01-30T13:09:20Z

top: robot: remove incorrect protection templates

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 30 January 2022
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{about\|the Republic of South Africa\|the geographical area\|Southern Africa\|other uses}}		{{about\|the Republic of South Africa\|the geographical area\|Southern Africa\|other uses}}

	~~{{pp-move-indef\|small=yes}}~~
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2021}}
	{{Use South African English\|date=April 2021}}		{{Use South African English\|date=April 2021}}

CleanupBot: clean up, removed: {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}

2021-08-12T15:15:42Z

clean up, removed: {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}

Flying Bee: Created page with "{{short description|Country in Southern Africa}} {{about|the Republic of South Africa|the geographical area|Southern Africa|other uses}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-i..."

2021-08-12T11:23:55Z

Created page with "{{short description|Country in Southern Africa}} {{about|the Republic of South Africa|the geographical area|Southern Africa|other uses}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-i..."

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:45, 12 August 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{short description\|Country in Southern Africa}}		{{short description\|Country in Southern Africa}}
	{{about\|the Republic of South Africa\|the geographical area\|Southern Africa\|other uses}}		{{about\|the Republic of South Africa\|the geographical area\|Southern Africa\|other uses}}
	~~{{pp-vandalism\|small=yes}}~~
	{{pp-move-indef\|small=yes}}		{{pp-move-indef\|small=yes}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2021}}
Line 175:		Line 175:
	'''South Africa''', officially the '''Republic of South Africa''' ('''RSA'''), is the [[Southern Africa\|southernmost]] country in [[Africa]]. With over [[Demographics of South Africa\|60 million people]], it is the world's [[List of countries by population\|23rd-most populous nation]] and covers an area of {{convert\|1221037\|km2\|mi2\|abbr=off}}. South Africa has three capital cities: executive [[Pretoria]], judicial [[Bloemfontein]] and legislative [[Cape Town]]. The largest city is [[Johannesburg]]. About 80% of South Africans are of [[Bantu peoples in South Africa\|Black African]] ancestry,<ref name=cib11/> divided among a [[Ethnic groups in South Africa\|variety of ethnic groups]] speaking [[Languages of South Africa\|different African languages]].<ref name=safacts /> The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of [[Demographics of Europe\|European]] ([[White South Africans]]), [[Asian people\|Asian]] ([[Indian South Africans]] and [[Chinese South Africans]]), and [[Multiracial]] ([[Coloureds\|Coloured South Africans]]) ancestry.		'''South Africa''', officially the '''Republic of South Africa''' ('''RSA'''), is the [[Southern Africa\|southernmost]] country in [[Africa]]. With over [[Demographics of South Africa\|60 million people]], it is the world's [[List of countries by population\|23rd-most populous nation]] and covers an area of {{convert\|1221037\|km2\|mi2\|abbr=off}}. South Africa has three capital cities: executive [[Pretoria]], judicial [[Bloemfontein]] and legislative [[Cape Town]]. The largest city is [[Johannesburg]]. About 80% of South Africans are of [[Bantu peoples in South Africa\|Black African]] ancestry,<ref name=cib11/> divided among a [[Ethnic groups in South Africa\|variety of ethnic groups]] speaking [[Languages of South Africa\|different African languages]].<ref name=safacts /> The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of [[Demographics of Europe\|European]] ([[White South Africans]]), [[Asian people\|Asian]] ([[Indian South Africans]] and [[Chinese South Africans]]), and [[Multiracial]] ([[Coloureds\|Coloured South Africans]]) ancestry.

	It is bounded to the south by {{convert\|2798\|km\|mi}} of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the [[Atlantic Ocean\|South Atlantic]] and [[Indian Ocean]]s;<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.~~samsa~~.~~org~~.~~za/~~ \|title=South ~~African Maritime Safety Authority~~ \|publisher=~~South African Maritime Safety Authority~~ \|access-date=16 June 2008~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite web~~ \|url=https://~~www~~.~~cia~~.~~gov~~/~~library~~/~~publications~~/~~the-world-factbook~~/~~fields~~/~~2060~~.~~html~~ \|~~website=The World Factbook \|title=Coastline \|publisher=CIA \|access~~-date=~~16 June~~ 2008}}</ref><ref ~~name=safacts~~>{{cite web \|url=http://www.~~southafrica~~.~~info/about~~/~~facts.htm~~ \|title=South ~~Africa Fast Facts~~ \|publisher=~~SouthAfrica.info \|date=April 2007~~ \|access-date=14 June 2008 \|~~url-status=dead \|archive-~~url=https://~~web~~.~~archive~~.~~org~~/~~web~~/~~20080719213531~~/~~http:~~//~~www~~.~~southafrica.info/about/facts.htm~~ \|~~archive~~-date=~~19 July~~ 2008}}</ref> to the north by the neighbouring countries of [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], and [[Zimbabwe]]; and to the east and northeast by [[Mozambique]] and [[Eswatini]] (former Swaziland); and it surrounds the [[Enclave and exclave\|enclaved country]] of [[Lesotho]].<ref>{{cite web \|author=[[Guy Arnold]] \|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO \|title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996 – Britannica Online Encyclopedia \|website=Encyclopædia Britannica \|access-date=30 October 2011}}</ref> It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the [[Old World]], and the most populous country located entirely south of the equator. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with a diversity of unique biomes and plant and animal life.		It is bounded to the south by {{convert\|2798\|km\|mi}} of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the [[Atlantic Ocean\|South Atlantic]] and [[Indian Ocean]]s;<ref name=safacts>{{cite web \|url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm \|title=South Africa Fast Facts \|publisher=SouthAfrica.info \|date=April 2007 \|access-date=14 June 2008 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm \|archive-date=19 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.samsa.org.za/ \|title=South African Maritime Safety Authority \|publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority \|access-date=16 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html \|website=The World Factbook \|title=Coastline \|publisher=CIA \|access-date=16 June 2008}}</ref> to the north by the neighbouring countries of [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], and [[Zimbabwe]]; and to the east and northeast by [[Mozambique]] and [[Eswatini]] (former Swaziland); and it surrounds the [[Enclave and exclave\|enclaved country]] of [[Lesotho]].<ref>{{cite web \|author=[[Guy Arnold]] \|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO \|title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996 – Britannica Online Encyclopedia \|website=Encyclopædia Britannica \|access-date=30 October 2011}}</ref> It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the [[Old World]], and the most populous country located entirely south of the equator. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with a diversity of unique biomes and plant and animal life.

	South Africa is a [[multiethnic society]] encompassing a wide [[Culture of South Africa\|variety of cultures]], [[Languages of South Africa\|languages]], and [[Religion in South Africa\|religions]]. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the [[Constitution of South Africa\|constitution]]'s recognition of 11 official languages, the fourth-highest number in the world.<ref name=safacts /> According to the 2011 census, the two most spoken first languages are [[Zulu language\|Zulu]] (22.7%) and [[Xhosa language\|Xhosa]] (16.0%).<ref name=cib11>{{cite book \|title=Census 2011: Census in brief \|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf \|publisher=Statistics South Africa \|location=Pretoria \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-0621413885 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513171240/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf \|archive-date=13 May 2015 \|url-status=live \|pages=23–25 }}</ref> The two next ones are of European origin: [[Afrikaans]] (13.5%) developed from [[Dutch language\|Dutch]] and serves as the first language of most [[Coloured]] and [[White South African\|White]] South Africans; [[South African English\|English]] (9.6%) reflects the legacy of [[British colonialism]], and is commonly used in public and commercial life. The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a [[coup d'état]], and [[Elections in South Africa\|regular elections]] have been held for almost a century. However, the vast majority of black South Africans were not [[enfranchised]] until 1994.		South Africa is a [[multiethnic society]] encompassing a wide [[Culture of South Africa\|variety of cultures]], [[Languages of South Africa\|languages]], and [[Religion in South Africa\|religions]]. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the [[Constitution of South Africa\|constitution]]'s recognition of 11 official languages, the fourth-highest number in the world.<ref name=safacts /> According to the 2011 census, the two most spoken first languages are [[Zulu language\|Zulu]] (22.7%) and [[Xhosa language\|Xhosa]] (16.0%).<ref name=cib11>{{cite book \|title=Census 2011: Census in brief \|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf \|publisher=Statistics South Africa \|location=Pretoria \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-0621413885 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513171240/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf \|archive-date=13 May 2015 \|url-status=live \|pages=23–25 }}</ref> The two next ones are of European origin: [[Afrikaans]] (13.5%) developed from [[Dutch language\|Dutch]] and serves as the first language of most [[Coloured]] and [[White South African\|White]] South Africans; [[South African English\|English]] (9.6%) reflects the legacy of [[British colonialism]], and is commonly used in public and commercial life. The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a [[coup d'état]], and [[Elections in South Africa\|regular elections]] have been held for almost a century. However, the vast majority of black South Africans were not [[enfranchised]] until 1994.
Line 237:		Line 237:
	In 1652, a century and a half after the discovery of the Cape sea route, [[Jan van Riebeeck]] established a {{Wikt-lang\|en\|victual\|victualling}} station at the [[Cape of Good Hope]], at what would become [[Cape Town]], on behalf of the Dutch East India Company.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-19saf.htm\|title=African History Timeline\|publisher=West Chester University of Pennsylvania}}</ref><ref name=Hunt1>{{cite book\|last=Hunt\|first=John\|editor-last=Campbell\|editor-first=Heather-Ann\|title=Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708\|date=2005\|pages=13–35\|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press\|location=Philadelphia\|isbn=978-1-904744-95-5}}</ref> In time, the Cape became home to a large population of {{lang\|nl\|vrijlieden}}, also known as {{lang\|nl\|vrijburgers}} ({{lit.\|free citizens}}), former company employees who stayed in Dutch territories overseas after serving their contracts.<ref name=Hunt1 /> Dutch traders also brought thousands of [[slavery\|enslaved people]] to the fledgling colony from [[Indonesia]], [[Madagascar]], and parts of eastern Africa.<ref name="Worden">{{cite book \| last = Worden\| first = Nigel\| title = Slavery in Dutch South Africa\|edition= 2010\|pages= 40–43 \| publisher = Cambridge University Press\| isbn = 978-0-521-15266-2\| date = 5 August 2010}}</ref> Some of the earliest mixed race communities in the country were formed between {{lang\|nl\|vrijburgers}}, enslaved people, and indigenous peoples.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book\|last=Nelson\|first=Harold\|title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study\|pages=237–317}}</ref> This led to the development of a new ethnic group, the [[Cape Coloured]]s, most of whom adopted the Dutch language and Christian faith.<ref name="zimstudy" />		In 1652, a century and a half after the discovery of the Cape sea route, [[Jan van Riebeeck]] established a {{Wikt-lang\|en\|victual\|victualling}} station at the [[Cape of Good Hope]], at what would become [[Cape Town]], on behalf of the Dutch East India Company.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-19saf.htm\|title=African History Timeline\|publisher=West Chester University of Pennsylvania}}</ref><ref name=Hunt1>{{cite book\|last=Hunt\|first=John\|editor-last=Campbell\|editor-first=Heather-Ann\|title=Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708\|date=2005\|pages=13–35\|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press\|location=Philadelphia\|isbn=978-1-904744-95-5}}</ref> In time, the Cape became home to a large population of {{lang\|nl\|vrijlieden}}, also known as {{lang\|nl\|vrijburgers}} ({{lit.\|free citizens}}), former company employees who stayed in Dutch territories overseas after serving their contracts.<ref name=Hunt1 /> Dutch traders also brought thousands of [[slavery\|enslaved people]] to the fledgling colony from [[Indonesia]], [[Madagascar]], and parts of eastern Africa.<ref name="Worden">{{cite book \| last = Worden\| first = Nigel\| title = Slavery in Dutch South Africa\|edition= 2010\|pages= 40–43 \| publisher = Cambridge University Press\| isbn = 978-0-521-15266-2\| date = 5 August 2010}}</ref> Some of the earliest mixed race communities in the country were formed between {{lang\|nl\|vrijburgers}}, enslaved people, and indigenous peoples.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book\|last=Nelson\|first=Harold\|title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study\|pages=237–317}}</ref> This led to the development of a new ethnic group, the [[Cape Coloured]]s, most of whom adopted the Dutch language and Christian faith.<ref name="zimstudy" />

	The eastward expansion of Dutch colonists ushered in a series of wars with the southwesterly migrating Xhosa tribe, known as the [[Xhosa Wars]], as both sides competed for the pastureland near the [[Great Fish River]], which the colonists desired for grazing cattle.<ref name=Stapleton2>{{cite book\|last=Stapleton\|first=Timothy\|title=A Military History of South Africa: From the Dutch-Khoi Wars to the End of Apartheid\|date=2010\|pages=4–6\|publisher=Praeger Security International\|location=Santa Barbara\|isbn=978-0-313-36589-8}}</ref> ''Vrijburgers'' who became independent farmers on the frontier were known as ''[[Boers]]'', with some adopting semi-nomadic lifestyles being denoted as {{lang\|nl\|[[trekboers]]}}.<ref name=Stapleton2 /> The Boers formed loose [[militia]]s, which they termed ''[[~~Commando\|commandos~~]]'', and forged alliances with Khoisan peoples to repel Xhosa raids.<ref name=Stapleton2 /> Both sides launched bloody but inconclusive offensives, and sporadic violence, often accompanied by livestock theft, remained common for several decades.<ref name=Stapleton2 />		The eastward expansion of Dutch colonists ushered in a series of wars with the southwesterly migrating Xhosa tribe, known as the [[Xhosa Wars]], as both sides competed for the pastureland near the [[Great Fish River]], which the colonists desired for grazing cattle.<ref name=Stapleton2>{{cite book\|last=Stapleton\|first=Timothy\|title=A Military History of South Africa: From the Dutch-Khoi Wars to the End of Apartheid\|date=2010\|pages=4–6\|publisher=Praeger Security International\|location=Santa Barbara\|isbn=978-0-313-36589-8}}</ref> ''Vrijburgers'' who became independent farmers on the frontier were known as ''[[Boers]]'', with some adopting semi-nomadic lifestyles being denoted as {{lang\|nl\|[[trekboers]]}}.<ref name=Stapleton2 /> The Boers formed loose [[militia]]s, which they termed ''[[commando]]s'', and forged alliances with Khoisan peoples to repel Xhosa raids.<ref name=Stapleton2 /> Both sides launched bloody but inconclusive offensives, and sporadic violence, often accompanied by livestock theft, remained common for several decades.<ref name=Stapleton2 />

	===British colonisation and the Great Trek===		===British colonisation and the Great Trek===

South Africa - Revision history

Krunal: IMF update...

Manish1234: CE

Manish1234: CE

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

CleanupBot: /* top */robot: remove incorrect protection templates

CleanupBot: clean up, removed: {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}

Flying Bee: Created page with "{{short description|Country in Southern Africa}} {{about|the Republic of South Africa|the geographical area|Southern Africa|other uses}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-i..."