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Sorghum bicolor - Revision history
2026-08-19T16:57:49Z
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<p><span class="autocomment">References</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:01, 7 October 2022</td>
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{{Speciesbox<br />
|image = Sorghum bicolor03.jpg<br />
|genus = Sorghum<br />
|species = bicolor<br />
|authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Conrad Moench|Moench]]<br />
|synonyms = <br />
{{collapsible list |<br />
{{plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |<br />
* ''Agrostis nigricans'' (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir.<br />
* ''Andropogon besseri'' Kunth<br />
* ''Andropogon bicolor'' (L.) Roxb.<br />
* ''Andropogon caffrorum'' (Thunb.) Kunth<br />
* ''Andropogon compactus'' Brot.<br />
* ''Andropogon dulcis'' Burm.f.<br />
* ''Andropogon niger'' (Ard.) Kunth<br />
* ''Andropogon saccharatrus'' Kunth<br />
* ''Andropogon saccharatus'' (L.) Raspail<br />
* ''Andropogon sorghum'' (L.) Brot.<br />
* ''Andropogon subglabrescens'' Steud.<br />
* ''Andropogon truchmenorum'' Walp.<br />
* ''Andropogon usorum'' Steud.<br />
* ''Andropogon vulgare'' (Pers.) Balansa<br />
* ''Andropogon vulgaris'' Raspail<br />
* ''Holcus arduinii'' J.F.Gmel.<br />
* ''Holcus bicolor'' L.<br />
* ''Holcus cafer'' Ard.<br />
* ''Holcus caffrorum'' (Retz.) Thunb.<br />
* ''Holcus cernuus'' Ard.<br />
* ''Holcus cernuus'' Muhl. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Holcus cernuus'' Willd. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Holcus compactus'' Lam.<br />
* ''Holcus dochna'' Forssk.<br />
* ''Holcus dora'' Mieg<br />
* ''Holcus duna'' J.F.Gmel.<br />
* ''Holcus durra'' Forssk.<br />
* ''Holcus niger'' Ard.<br />
* ''Holcus nigerrimus'' Ard.<br />
* ''Holcus rubens'' Gaertn.<br />
* ''Holcus saccharatus'' var. ''technicus'' (Körn.) Farw.<br />
* ''Holcus sorghum'' L.<br />
* ''Holcus sorghum'' Brot. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Milium bicolor'' (L.) Cav.<br />
* ''Milium compactum ''(Lam.) Cav.<br />
* ''Milium maximum'' Cav.<br />
* ''Milium nigricans'' Ruiz & Pav.<br />
* ''Milium sorghum'' (L.) Cav.<br />
* ''Panicum caffrorum'' Retz.<br />
* ''Panicum frumentaceum'' Salisb. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Rhaphis sorghum'' (L.) Roberty<br />
* ''Sorghum abyssinicum'' (Hack.) Chiov. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Sorghum ankolib'' (Hack.) Stapf<br />
* ''Sorghum anomalum'' Desv.<br />
* ''Sorghum arduinii'' (Gmel.) J.Jacq.<br />
* ''Sorghum basiplicatum'' Chiov.<br />
* ''Sorghum basutorum'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum caffrorum'' (Retz.) P.Beauv.<br />
* ''Sorghum campanum'' Ten. & Guss.<br />
* ''Sorghum caudatum'' (Hack.) Stapf<br />
* ''Sorghum centroplicatum'' Chiov.<br />
* ''Sorghum cernuum'' (Ard.) Host<br />
* ''Sorghum compactum'' Lag.<br />
* ''Sorghum conspicuum'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum coriaceum'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum dochna'' (Forssk.) Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum dora'' (Mieg) Cuoco<br />
* ''Sorghum dulcicaule'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum dura'' Griseb.<br />
* ''Sorghum durra'' (Forssk.) Batt. & Trab.<br />
* ''Sorghum elegans'' (Körn.) Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum eplicatum'' Chiov.<br />
* ''Sorghum exsertum'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum gambicum'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum giganteum'' Edgew.<br />
* ''Sorghum glabrescens'' (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch.<br />
* ''Sorghum glycychylum'' Pass.<br />
* ''Sorghum guineense'' Stapf<br />
* ''Sorghum japonicum'' (Hack.) Roshev.<br />
* ''Sorghum margaritiferum'' Stapf<br />
* ''Sorghum medioplicatum'' Chiov.<br />
* ''Sorghum melaleucum'' Stapf<br />
* ''Sorghum melanocarpum'' Huber<br />
* ''Sorghum mellitum'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum membranaceum'' Chiov.<br />
* ''Sorghum miliiforme'' (Hack.) Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum nankinense'' Huber<br />
* ''Sorghum nervosum'' Besser ex Schult. & Schult.f.<br />
* ''Sorghum nervosum'' Chiov. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Sorghum nigricans'' (Ruiz & Pav.) Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum nigrum'' (Ard.) Roem. & Schult.<br />
* ''Sorghum notabile'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum pallidum'' Chiov. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Sorghum papyrascens'' Stapf<br />
* ''Sorghum rigidum'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum rollii'' Chiov.<br />
* ''Sorghum roxburghii'' var. ''hians'' (Hook.f.) Stapf<br />
* ''Sorghum saccharatum'' Host nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Sorghum saccharatum'' (L.) Pers. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Sorghum sativum'' (Hack.) Batt. & Trab.<br />
* ''Sorghum schimperi'' (Hack.) Chiov. nom. illeg.<br />
* ''Sorghum simulans'' Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum splendidum'' (Hack.) Snowden<br />
* ''Sorghum subglabrescens'' (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch.<br />
* ''Sorghum tataricum'' Huber<br />
* ''Sorghum technicum'' (Körn.) Batt. & Trab.<br />
* ''Sorghum technicum'' (Körn.) Roshev.<br />
* ''Sorghum truchmenorum'' K.Koch<br />
* ''Sorghum usorum'' Nees<br />
* ''Sorghum vulgare'' Pers. nom. illeg.<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-443283|title=Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Sorghum bicolor''''', commonly called '''sorghum'''<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SOBI2|taxon=Sorghum bicolor|access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɔr|ɡ|ə|m}}) and also known as '''great millet''', '''''durra''''', '''''jowari''''' / '''''jowar''''', or '''milo''', is a [[Poaceae|grass]] species cultivated for its [[grain]], which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dillon|first1=Sally L.|last2=Shapter|first2=Frances M.|last3=Henry|first3=Robert J.|last4=Izquierdo|first4=Liz|last5=Lee|first5=L. Slade|title=Domestication to Crop Improvement: Genetic Resources for Sorghum and Saccharum (Andropogoneae)|journal=Annals of Botany|volume=100|issue=5|pages=975–989|date=1 September 2007|pmc=2759214|display-authors=3|pmid=17766842|doi=10.1093/aob/mcm192}}</ref> [[Sorghum]] is the world's fifth-most important [[cereal]] crop after [[rice]], [[wheat]], [[maize]], and [[barley]], with 59.34 million metric tons of annual global production in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FAOSTAT|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.fao.org}}</ref> ''S. bicolor'' is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over 4 m high. The grain is small, ranging from 2 to 4&nbsp;mm in diameter. [[Sweet sorghum]]s are sorghum cultivars that are primarily grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol; they are taller than those grown for grain.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/gbase/data/pf000319.htm|title=Grassland Index: ''Sorghum bicolor'' (L.) Moench|access-date=2021-12-10|archive-date=2017-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119193819/http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/Gbase/DATA/pf000319.HTM|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sweet Sorghum|url=http://sseassociation.org/SweetSorghum/default.aspx|publisher=Sweet Sorghum Ethanol Producers|access-date=13 November 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Sorghum bicolor'' is the cultivated species of sorghum; its wild relatives make up the botanical genus ''[[Sorghum]]''.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>
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