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{{Short description|Grass genus, food, animal feed crop}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{other uses}}
{{Redirect|Sorgo|the Ragusan family|Sorgo (family)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Sorghum.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Sorghum bicolor|S. bicolor]]''
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Sorghum
|authority = [[Conrad Moench|Moench]] 1794, conserved name not ''Sorgum'' [[Michel Adanson|Adanson]] 1763
|type_species = ''[[Sorghum bicolor|S. bicolor]]''
|type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Conrad Moench|Moench]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=j>{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=443224|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>
|synonyms =
* ''Blumenbachia'' Koeler 1802, rejected name not Schrad. 1825 ([[Loasaceae]])
* ''Sarga'' Ewart
* ''Vacoparis'' Spangler
* ''Andropogon'' subg. ''Sorghum'' Hackel.
}}

'''''Sorghum''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɔːr|ɡ|ə|m}}) or '''broomcorn''' is a [[genus]] of about 25 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the grass family ([[Poaceae]]). Some of these species are grown as [[cereal]]s for human consumption, in pastures for animals, and as bristles for [[Broom|brooms]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Hariprasanna |first=K. |title=Sorghum: Origin, Classification, Biology and Improvement |date=2015 |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-81-322-2422-8_1 |work=Sorghum Molecular Breeding |pages=3–20 |editor-last=Madhusudhana |editor-first=R. |access-date=2023-06-01 |place=New Delhi |publisher=Springer India |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-81-322-2422-8_1 |isbn=978-81-322-2421-1 |last2=Patil |first2=J. V. |editor2-last=Rajendrakumar |editor2-first=P. |editor3-last=Patil |editor3-first=J.V.}}</ref> One species is grown for [[grain]], while many others are used as [[fodder]] plants, either cultivated in warm climates worldwide or [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] in [[pasture|pasture land]]s.<ref>{{BONAP|ref|genus=Sorghum|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>

== History ==
Sorghum was domesticated from its wild ancestor more than 5,000 years ago in what is today [[Sudan]]. The newest evidence comes from an archaeological site near [[Kassala]] in eastern Sudan, dating from 3500 to 3000 BC, and is associated with the neolithic [[Butana Group |Butana Group culture]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sci.news/archaeology/earliest-evidence-domesticated-sorghum-05271.html |title=Earliest Evidence of Domesticated Sorghum Discovered |date=September 28, 2017 |website=[[Science News]] |url-status=live |archive-date=Feb 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209081124/https://www.sci.news/archaeology/earliest-evidence-domesticated-sorghum-05271.html |language=en |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> It was the staple food of the [[alodia|kingdom of Alodia]].<ref>Welsby, Derek (2002). The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims Along the Middle Nile. [[British Museum]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7141-1947-2}}.</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
''Sorghum'' is in the grass family, [[Poaceae]], in the subfamily [[Panicoideae]], in the tribe [[Andropogoneae]] {{endash}} the same as [[maize]] (''Zea mayz''), big bluestem (''[[Andropogon gerardi]]''), and [[sugarcane]] (''Saccharum'' spp.).

=== Species ===
Accepted species recorded include:<ref name="TPL">{{cite web |date=2013 |title=The Plant List: ''Sorghum'' |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=sorghum |access-date=28 February 2017 |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens Kew]] and [[Missouri Botanic Garden]]}}</ref>

[[File:Sorghum at the market.JPG|thumb|right|[[West Africa]]n market|alt=Heap at a [[West Africa]]n market]]
[[File:A plate of sorghum grain.jpg|thumb|right|A plate of sorghum grain]]

{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* ''[[Sorghum amplum]]'' – northwestern Australia
* ''[[Sorghum angustum]]'' – Queensland
* ''[[Sorghum arundinaceum]]'' – Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Madagascar, islands of the western Indian Ocean
* ''[[Sorghum bicolor]]'' – cultivated sorghum, often individually called sorghum, also known as durra, jowari, or milo. Native to Sahel region of Africa; naturalized in many places
* ''[[Sorghum brachypodum]]'' – Northern Territory of Australia
* ''[[Sorghum bulbosum]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum burmahicum]]'' – Thailand, Myanmar
* ''[[Sorghum controversum]]'' – India
* ''[[Sorghum × drummondii]]'' – Sahel and West Africa
* ''[[Sorghum ecarinatum]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum exstans]]'' – Northern Territory of Australia
* ''[[Sorghum grande]]'' – Northern Territory, Queensland
* ''[[Johnson grass|Sorghum halepense]]'' – Johnson grass – North Africa, islands of eastern Atlantic, southern Asia from Lebanon to Vietnam; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, the Americas
* ''[[Sorghum interjectum]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum intrans]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum laxiflorum]]'' – Philippines, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, New Guinea, northern Australia
* ''[[Sorghum leiocladum]]'' – Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria
* ''[[Sorghum macrospermum]]'' – Northern Territory of Australia
* ''[[Sorghum matarankense]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum nitidum]]'' – East Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Micronesia
* ''[[Sorghum plumosum]]'' – Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia
* ''[[Sorghum propinquum]]'' – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Christmas Island, Micronesia, Cook Islands
* ''[[Sorghum purpureosericeum]]'' – Sahel from Mali to Tanzania; Yemen, Oman, India
* ''[[Sorghum stipoideum]]'' – Northern Territory, Western Australia
* ''[[Sorghum timorense]]'' – Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, New Guinea, northern Australia
* ''[[Sorghum trichocladum]]'' – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
* ''[[Sorghum versicolor]]'' – eastern + southern Africa from Ethiopia to Namibia; Oman
* ''[[Sorghum virgatum]]'' – dry regions from Senegal to the Levant.
}}

{{ Anchor |Genetics|Genomics}}

== Genetics and genomics ==
[[Agrobacterium transformation|''Agrobacterium'' transformation]] can be used on this genus.<ref name = "Potential-Risk-Biotechnological-Application" /> Che ''et al.'', 2018 provides such a transformation system with a good success rate.<ref name = "Potential-Risk-Biotechnological-Application" >
{{ Cite journal |
language=en|
year=2019|
publisher=[[Elsevier Inc.]]|
volume=37|
issue=1|
first5=Jing|
department=Research review paper|
first4=Nan|
first3=Dawei|
first2=Jingyang|
first1=Minliang|
last5=Yang|
last4=Xu|
last3=Gao|
last2=Ye|
last1=Guo|
pages=259–270|
journal=[[Biotechnology Advances]]|
issn=0734-9750|
eissn=1873-1899|
s2cid=58600661|
pmid=30579929|
doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.12.008|
title=''Agrobacterium''-mediated horizontal gene transfer: Mechanism, biotechnological application, potential risk and forestalling strategy}}
</ref>

Bekele ''et al.'', 2013 develops and validates an [[SNP array]] for [[molecular breeding]].<ref name = "High-Throughput" >
This review
: {{ Cite journal |
language=en|
issue=6|
year=2021|
volume=26|
publisher=[[Cell Press]]|
department=Feature Review|
pages=631–649|
first6=Mark|
first5=Qifa|
first4=Andreas|
first2=Abhishek|
first1=Rajeev|
last6=Sorrells|
last5=Zhang|
last4=Graner|
first3=Jianming|
last3=Yu|
last2=Bohra|
last1=Varshney|
journal=[[Trends in Plant Science]]|
issn=1360-1385|
s2cid=233382115|
pmid=33893045|
doi=10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.010|
title=Designing Future Crops: Genomics-Assisted Breeding Comes of Age}}
cites this research
:{{cite journal|issue=9|year=2013|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons Ltd.]]|volume=11|first4=Rod|first3=Wolfgang|first2=Silke|first1=Wubishet|last4=Snowdon|last3=Friedt|last2=Wieckhorst|last1=Bekele|pages=1112–1125|journal=[[Plant Biotechnology Journal]]|issn=1467-7644|s2cid=206248573|pmid=23919585|doi=10.1111/pbi.12106|title=High-throughput genomics in sorghum: from whole-genome resequencing to a SNP screening array|doi-access=free}}
</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
Seventeen of the 25 species are native to [[Australia]],<ref name="ITS-ndhF">
This review...
{{ Cite journal |
language=en|
year=2016|
department=Review article|
publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons Ltd]]|
volume=14|
issue=4|
pages=1070–85|
first3=Marta|
first2=Agnelo|
first1=Robert|
last3=Brozynska|
last2=Furtado|
last1=Henry|
issn=1467-7644|
eissn=1467-7652|
journal=[[Plant Biotechnology Journal]] |
title=Genomics of crop wild relatives: expanding the gene pool for crop improvement|
s2cid=3402991|
pmid=26311018|
doi=10.1111/pbi.12454|
doi-access=free}}

...cites this study:
{{ Cite journal |publisher=[[Springer Science and Business Media LLC]]|first1=Sally L.|last1=Dillon|first2=Peter K.|last2=Lawrence|first3=Robert J.|last3=Henry|first4=Larry|last4=Ross|first5=H. James|last5=Price|first6=J. Spencer|last6=Johnston|issn=0378-2697|eissn=1615-6110|journal=[[Plant Systematics and Evolution]]|s2cid=27363366|doi=10.1007/s00606-004-0210-7|title=''Sorghum laxiflorum'' and ''S. macrospermum'', the Australian native species most closely related to the cultivated ''S. bicolor'' based on ITS1 and ''ndh''F sequence analysis of 28 ''Sorghum'' species}} {{emdash}} Archive: {{Cite journal |url=http://epubs.scu.edu.au/cpcg_pubs/244/ |url-status=live |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813082429/https://researchportal.scu.edu.au/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Sorghum-laxiflorum-and-S-macrospermum-the/991012822011502368 |title=Sorghum laxiflorum and S. macrospermum, the Australian native species most closely related to the cultivated S. bicolor based on ITS1 and ndhF sequence analysis of 25 Sorghum species |doi=10.1007/s00606-004-0210-7 |language=en |access-date=4 July 2023 |journal=[[Plant Systematics and Evolution]] |author1=Sally L Dillon |author2=Peter K Lawrence |author3=Robert J Henry |author4=Larry Ross |author5=H James Price |author6=J Spencer Johnston|publisher=[[Southern Cross University]] |date=2004 |volume=249 |number=3{{ndash}}4 |pages=233{{ndash}}246}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=[[Atlas of Living Australia]]|title=''Sorghum'' - Atlas of Living Australia |url=http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:420835 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305085726/http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:420835 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref> with the range of some extending to [[Africa]], [[Asia]], [[Mesoamerica]], and certain islands in the [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and [[Pacific Islands|Pacific]] Oceans.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tropicos, ''Sorghum'' Moench |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40002210 |access-date=2018-05-31 |publisher=[[Tropicos]]}}</ref><ref name="china">{{cite web |title=Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 600 高粱属 gao liang shu ''Sorghum'' Moench, Methodus. 207. 1794 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=130722 |access-date=2018-05-31 |publisher=[[Efloras]]}}</ref>

== Production ==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:18em; text-align:center;"
! colspan=2|Sorghum production – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sorghum Explorer |url=https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/cropview/commodityView.aspx?cropid=0459200 |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=ipad.fas.usda.gov}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#ddf; width:75%;"| Country
! style="background:#ddf; width:25%;"| Production ([[metric tonne|MT]], [[short ton|ST]], [[long ton|LT]])
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} Nigeria
|{{ Convert|7,000|MT|ST LT|disp=number}}
|-
|{{Flagicon|USA}} USA
|{{ Convert|5,989|MT|ST LT|disp=number}}
|-
|{{Flagicon|Sudan}} Sudan
|{{ Convert|5,000|MT|ST LT|disp=number}}
|-
|{{Flagicon|Mexico}} Mexico
|{{ Convert|4,850|MT|ST LT|disp=number}}
|-
|{{Flagicon|Ethiopia}} Ethiopia
|{{ Convert|4,500|MT|ST LT|disp=number}}
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} India
|{{ Convert|4,400|MT|ST LT|disp=number}}
|-
|Others
|{{ Convert|28322|MT|ST LT|disp=number}}
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''{{ Convert|60,061|MT|ST LT|disp=number}}'''
|}
Nigeria accounts for 12% of world sorghum production and the United States accounts for 10%. Other major sorghum-producing countries are Sudan, Mexico, Ethiopia, India, Argentina, China, and Brazil.

== Toxicity ==
In the early stages of the plants' growth, some species of sorghum can contain levels of [[hydrogen cyanide]], [[hordenine]], and [[nitrate]]s, which are lethal to grazing animals. Plants stressed by drought or heat can also contain toxic levels of cyanide and nitrates at later stages in growth.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 November 2018 |title=Cyanide (prussic acid) and nitrate in sorghum crops |url=https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/land-management/health-pests-weeds-diseases/livestock/cyanide-nitrate-sorghum |access-date=2021-05-13 |publisher=[[Queensland Government|Queensland]] Primary Industries and Fisheries}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sorghum |url=http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/beef/feeding-and-nutrition/sorghum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002184304/http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/beef/feeding-and-nutrition/sorghum |archive-date=2019-10-02 |access-date=2018-10-15 |publisher=[[Agriculture Victoria]]|location=[[Victoria, Australia]]}}</ref>

== Uses ==
The grains are edible and nutritious. It can be eaten raw when young and milky, but has to be boiled when older.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/277203364 |title=The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]] |author=[[United States Department of the Army]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-60239-692-0 |location=[[New York City|New York]]|pages=94 |language=en-US |oclc=277203364}}</ref>

One species, ''[[Sorghum bicolor|S. bicolor]]'',<ref>{{Cite journal |doi= 10.1007/s10722-009-9466-7 |volume= 57 |issue= 2 |pages= 243–253 |last1= Mutegi |first1= Evans |first2= Fabrice |last2= Sagnard |first3= Moses |last3= Muraya |first4= Ben |last4= Kanyenji |first5= Bernard |last5= Rono |first6= Caroline |last6= Mwongera |first7= Charles |last7= Marangu |first8= Joseph |last8= Kamau |first9= Heiko |last9= Parzies |first10= Santie |last10= de Villiers |first11= Kassa |last11= Semagn |first12= Pierre |last12= Traoré |first13= Maryke |last13= Labuschagne |title= Ecogeographical distribution of wild, weedy and cultivated ''Sorghum bicolor'' (L.) Moench in Kenya: implications for conservation and crop-to-wild gene flow |journal=[[Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution]]|date= 2010-02-01 |s2cid= 28318220 |display-authors= 3|url= http://oar.icrisat.org/2032/1/GRCE57_243-253__2010.pdf }}</ref> native to Africa with many cultivated forms,<ref>{{cite web |title=Sorghum- and millet-legume cropping systems |url=http://africasoilhealth.cabi.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/392-ASHC-English-Sorghum-BW-A4-lowres.pdf|last1 = Hauser | first1 = Stefan| last2 = Wairegi | first2 = Lydia| last3 = Asadu | first3 = Charles L. A.| last4 = Asawalam | first4 = Damian O.| last5 = Jokthan | first5 = Grace| last6 = Ugbe | first6 = Utiang|publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]] and [[Africa Soil Health Consortium]]|access-date=7 October 2018 |date=2015}}</ref> is an important crop worldwide, used for food (in the form of grain or [[Sweet sorghum|sorghum syrup]]), animal [[fodder]], the production of [[alcoholic beverage]]s, and biofuels. Sorghum's cultivation has been linked by archeological research back to ancient Sudan around 6,000 to 7,000 [[Before Present|BP]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carney |first=Judith |title=In the Shadow of Slavery |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=9780520269965 |location=[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] and [[Los Angeles]], California |pages=16}}</ref>

All sorghums contain [[phenolic acid]]s, and most contain [[flavonoid]]s.<ref name="JCS">{{cite journal |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|last1=Dykes |first1=Linda |last2=Rooney |first2=Lloyd W. | title=Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants | journal=[[Journal of Cereal Science]] | volume=44 | issue=3 | pages=236–251 | year=2006 | url=http://www.ask-force.org/web/Africa-Harvest-Sorghum-Lit-1/Dykes-Phenols-2006.pdf | doi = 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.007}}</ref> Sorghum grains are one of the highest food sources of the flavonoid [[proanthocyanidin]].<ref name="pmid30614249">{{cite journal |last1=Luca |first1=Simon Vlad |last2=Macovei |first2=Irina |last3=Bujor |first3=Alexandra |last4=Miron |first4=Anca |last5=Skalicka-Woźniak |first5=Krystyna |last6=Aprotosoaie |first6=Ana Clara |last7=Trifan |first7=Adriana | title=Bioactivity of dietary polyphenols: The role of metabolites | journal=[[Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition]] | volume=60 | issue=4 | pages=626–659 | year=2020 | doi = 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546669 | pmid=30614249|s2cid=58651581 }}</ref> Total [[phenol]] content (in both phenolic acids and flavonoids) is correlated with [[antioxidant]] activity.<ref name="JCS" /> Antioxidant activity is high in sorghums having dark [[pericarp]] and pigmented [[testa (botany)|testa]].<ref name="JCS" /> The antioxidant activity of sorghum may explain the reduced incidence of certain cancers in populations consuming sorghum.<ref name="JCS" />

The Indian flatbreads [[paratha]] and [[roti]] are made from sorghum flour.

[[Popped sorghum]] is popular as a snack in India. The popped sorghum is similar to [[popcorn]], but the puffs are smaller.<ref name="BRM">{{cite web | title = Popped Sorghum | work = Recipes | publisher = [[Bob's Red Mill]] | date = 2021 | url = https://www.bobsredmill.com/recipes/how-to-make/popped-sorghum/ | accessdate = 2021-02-17 }}</ref> Like popcorn, popping sorghum is done by microwave, in a pot, or other similar ways. It may also be used as a flavoring for [[clarified butter]] (ghee).

In China, sorghum flour is used in combination with wheat flour to make noodles and breads.<ref>Longmeimei cooking channel: {{Citation|title=第一次做高粱馒头和面条，费了很大功夫Sorghum Bread and Sorghum Noodles|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oe89v0xbuo| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/4oe89v0xbuo| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-06-26}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Most varieties are [[xerophyte|drought]]- and heat-tolerant, [[nitrogen cycle|nitrogen]]-efficient,<ref>{{cite news |title=Flavonoids' presence in sorghum roots may lead to frost-resistant crop |first=Jeff |last=Mulhollem |date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University]] |quote=… sorghum is a crop that can respond to climate change because of its high water- and nitrogen-use efficiency … |url=https://news.psu.edu/story/627935/2020/08/10/research/flavonoids-presence-sorghum-roots-may-lead-frost-resistant-crop}}</ref> and are especially important in [[arid]] and [[semi-arid]] regions, where the grain is one of the [[staple food|staples]] for poor and rural people. These varieties form important components of forage in many tropical regions. ''S. bicolor'' is an important [[food crop]] in Africa, [[Central America]], and [[South Asia]], and is the fifth most important [[cereal]] crop grown in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/dec/15/sorghum-wonder-grain-american-food-quinoa |title=Move over, quinoa: sorghum is the new 'wonder grain' |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 December 2015 |author=Tove Danovich |access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title=Soils, Plant Growth and Crop Production
| volume=II
| chapter=Growth and Production of Sorghum and Millets
| editor=Willy H. Verheye
| date=2010
| publisher=[[EOLSS]] Publishers
| isbn=978-1-84826-368-0
| url=https://www.eolss.net/ebooklib/bookinfo/soils-plant-growth-crop-production.aspx
}}</ref>

In [[Nigeria]], the pulverized red leaf-sheaths of sorghum have been used as a dyestuff to dye leather.<ref name="Dye"/> In [[Algeria]] it has been used not only to dye leather, but also to dye wool.<ref name="Dye">{{cite journal|last=Dalziel |first=J.M. |title=African Leather Dyes |journal=[[Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information]]|volume=6 |date=1926 |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]|page=230 |language=en |jstor=4118651 }}</ref>

=== Role in global economy ===
Global demand for sorghum increased dramatically between 2013 and 2015, when [[China]] began purchasing US sorghum crops to use as livestock feed as a substitute for domestically grown [[maize|corn]]. China purchased around $1 billion worth of American sorghum per year until April 2018, when China imposed retaliatory [[Tariff|duties]] on American sorghum as part of the [[China–United States trade war (2018–present)|trade war between the two countries]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-sorghum-china-20180418-story.html |title=Sorghum, targeted by tariffs, is a U.S. crop China started buying only five years ago |newspaper=[[LA Times]]|date=Apr 18, 2018 |access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |last=Watson |first=Andrew M. |title=Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques, 700–1100 |location=[[Cambridge]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1983 |isbn=0-521-24711-X}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sorghum}}
{{cookbook|Sorghum}}
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Sorghum |volume=25 |short=x}}
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0818e/T0818E00.HTM "Sorghum and millets in human nutrition"] [[FAO]] Report (1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001231759/http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0818e/T0818E00.HTM |date=2018-10-01 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081027220812/http://www.grains.org/page.ww?section=Barley%2C+Corn+%26+Sorghum&name=Sorghum Sorghum] on [[US Grains Council]] Web Site

{{Cereals}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q12111}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sorghum| ]]
[[Category:Cereals]]
[[Category:Forages]]
[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
[[Category:Poaceae genera]]
[[Category:Andropogoneae]]
[[Category:Plant dyes]]

Sorghum - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article