Songs of realization - Revision history

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	{{Tibetan Buddhism}}		{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
	'''Songs of realization''', or '''Songs of Experience''' ({{bo\|t=ཉམས་མགུར\|w=nyams mgur}}; [[Devanagari\|Devanāgarī]]: दोहा; Romanized Sanskrit: ''Dohā''; [[Oriya language\|Oriya]]: ପଦ), are sung poetry forms characteristic of the [[tantric movement]] in both [[Vajrayana]] [[Buddhism]] and in [[Hinduism]]. [[Doha (poetry)\|Doha]] is also a specific poetic form. Various forms of these songs exist, including '''caryagiti''' ({{~~lang-~~sa\|caryāgīti}}), or 'performance songs' and '''vajragiti''' (Sanskrit: ''vajragīti'', Tibetan: ''rDo-rje ~~gan-sung~~'' ), or 'diamond songs', sometimes translated as '''vajra songs''' and '''doha''' (Sanskrit: ''dohā'', दोह, 'that which results from milking the cow'), also called '''doha songs''', distinguishing them from the unsung Indian poetry form of the [[doha (poetry)\|doha]]. According to [[Roger R. Jackson\|Roger Jackson]], caryagiti and vajragiti "differ generically from dohās because of their different context and function"; the doha being primarily spiritual [[aphorism]]s expressed in the form of [[rhyming couplet]]s whilst caryagiti are stand-alone performance songs and vajragiti are songs that can only be understood in the context of a [[ganachakra]] or [[vajrayana\|tantric]] feast.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Jackson \|first=Roger R.\|authorlink=Roger R. Jackson\|title=Tantric Treasures:Three Collections of Mystical Verse from Buddhist India\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|location=USA\|year=2004\|pages=10\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06K69W9V7c4C& \| isbn=978-0-19-516640-8}}</ref> Many collections of songs of realization are preserved in the [[Tibetan Buddhist canon]], however many of these texts have yet to be translated from the [[Standard Tibetan\|Tibetan language]].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Shaw\|first=Miranda\|title=Passionate Enlightenment::Women in Tantric Buddhism\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|year=1995\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/passionateenligh00shaw/page/225 225 n.97]\|isbn=0-691-01090-0\|url=https://archive.org/details/passionateenligh00shaw/page/225}}</ref>		'''Songs of realization''', or '''Songs of Experience''' ({{bo\|t=ཉམས་མགུར\|w=nyams mgur}}; [[Devanagari\|Devanāgarī]]: दोहा; Romanized Sanskrit: ''Dohā''; [[Oriya language\|Oriya]]: ପଦ), are sung poetry forms characteristic of the [[tantric movement]] in both [[Vajrayana]] [[Buddhism]] and in [[Hinduism]]. [[Doha (poetry)\|Doha]] is also a specific poetic form. Various forms of these songs exist, including '''caryagiti''' ({{langx\|sa\|caryāgīti}}), or 'performance songs' and '''vajragiti''' (Sanskrit: ''vajragīti'', Tibetan: ''rDo-rje mgur'' ), or 'diamond songs', sometimes translated as '''vajra songs''' and '''doha''' (Sanskrit: ''dohā'', दोह, 'that which results from milking the cow'), also called '''doha songs''', distinguishing them from the unsung Indian poetry form of the [[doha (poetry)\|doha]]. According to [[Roger R. Jackson\|Roger Jackson]], caryagiti and vajragiti "differ generically from dohās because of their different context and function"; the doha being primarily spiritual [[aphorism]]s expressed in the form of [[rhyming couplet]]s whilst caryagiti are stand-alone performance songs and vajragiti are songs that can only be understood in the context of a [[ganachakra]] or [[vajrayana\|tantric]] feast.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Jackson \|first=Roger R.\|authorlink=Roger R. Jackson\|title=Tantric Treasures:Three Collections of Mystical Verse from Buddhist India\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|location=USA\|year=2004\|pages=10\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06K69W9V7c4C& \| isbn=978-0-19-516640-8}}</ref> Many collections of songs of realization are preserved in the [[Tibetan Buddhist canon]], however many of these texts have yet to be translated from the [[Standard Tibetan\|Tibetan language]].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Shaw\|first=Miranda\|title=Passionate Enlightenment::Women in Tantric Buddhism\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|year=1995\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/passionateenligh00shaw/page/225 225 n.97]\|isbn=0-691-01090-0\|url=https://archive.org/details/passionateenligh00shaw/page/225}}</ref>

	Although many of the songs of realization date from the [[mahasiddha]] of India, the tradition of composing mystical songs continued to be practiced by [[vajrayana\|tantric]] adepts in later times and examples of spontaneously composed verses by Tibetan [[lama]]s exist up to the present day, an example being [[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EC9M2XogJ6I\|title=Songs of Realization\|last=Gyamtso\|first=Khenpo Tsultrim \|accessdate=2008-09-14}}</ref> The most famous Tibetan composer of songs of realization is [[Milarepa]], the 11th century Tibetan [[yogi]] whose ''mgur bum'', or 'The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa' remains a source of instruction and inspiration for [[Tibetan Buddhist]]s, particularly those of the [[kagyu]] school.		Although many of the songs of realization date from the [[mahasiddha]] of India, the tradition of composing mystical songs continued to be practiced by [[vajrayana\|tantric]] adepts in later times and examples of spontaneously composed verses by Tibetan [[lama]]s exist up to the present day, an example being [[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EC9M2XogJ6I\|title=Songs of Realization\|last=Gyamtso\|first=Khenpo Tsultrim \|accessdate=2008-09-14}}</ref> The most famous Tibetan composer of songs of realization is [[Milarepa]], the 11th century Tibetan [[yogi]] whose ''mgur bum'', or 'The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa' remains a source of instruction and inspiration for [[Tibetan Buddhist]]s, particularly those of the [[kagyu]] school.
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	* {{cite book\|last=Jackson \|first=Roger\|title=Tantric Treasures:Three Collections of Mystical Verse from Buddhist India\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|location=USA\|year=2004\|pages=10\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06K69W9V7c4C& \| isbn=978-0-19-516640-8}}		* {{cite book\|last=Jackson \|first=Roger\|title=Tantric Treasures:Three Collections of Mystical Verse from Buddhist India\|publisher=Oxford University Press \|location=USA\|year=2004\|pages=10\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06K69W9V7c4C& \| isbn=978-0-19-516640-8}}
	*{{cite book\|last=Dowman \|first=Keith\|title=Masters of Mahamudra: Songs and Histories of the Eighty-four Buddhist Siddhas\|publisher=SUNY Press\|location=New York\|year=1986\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EONQw5zYm10C& \| isbn=978-0-88706-160-8}}		*{{cite book\|last=Dowman \|first=Keith\|title=Masters of Mahamudra: Songs and Histories of the Eighty-four Buddhist Siddhas\|publisher=SUNY Press\|location=New York\|year=1986\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EONQw5zYm10C& \| isbn=978-0-88706-160-8}}
	* ''Milarepa: Songs on the Spot'', translated by Nicole Riggs, Dharma Cloud Press, 2003, {{ISBN\|0-9705639-30}}''		* ''Milarepa: Songs on the Spot'', translated by Nicole Riggs, Dharma Cloud Press, 2003, {{ISBN\|0-9705639-30}}
	* ''Milarepa, The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa'', translated by Garma C.C. Chang, City Lights Books, 1999, {{ISBN\|1-57062-476-3}}		* ''Milarepa, The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa'', translated by Garma C.C. Chang, City Lights Books, 1999, {{ISBN\|1-57062-476-3}}
	*''The Yogi's Joy: Songs of Milarepa'' Sangharakshita, Windhorse Publications, 2006, {{ISBN\|1-899579-66-4}}		*''The Yogi's Joy: Songs of Milarepa'' Sangharakshita, Windhorse Publications, 2006, {{ISBN\|1-899579-66-4}}
	*''Drinking the Mountain Stream: Songs of ~~Tibet’s~~ Beloved Saint'', Wisdom Publications, {{ISBN\|0-86171-063-0}}		*''Drinking the Mountain Stream: Songs of Tibet's Beloved Saint'', Wisdom Publications, {{ISBN\|0-86171-063-0}}
	*{{cite book\|last=Rinpoche\|first=Thrangu \|title=Songs of Naropa:Commentaries on Songs of Realization\|publisher=Rangjung Yeshe Publications\|year=1997\|isbn=978-962-7341-28-4\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QuwJwz6nNAC&}}		*{{cite book\|last=Rinpoche\|first=Thrangu \|title=Songs of Naropa:Commentaries on Songs of Realization\|publisher=Rangjung Yeshe Publications\|year=1997\|isbn=978-962-7341-28-4\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QuwJwz6nNAC&}}
	* [[Herbert V. Günther\|Guenther, Herbert V.]] ''The Royal Song of Saraha: A Study in the History of Buddhist Thought.'' a.) University of Washington Press, 1970. {{ISBN\|0-295-78552-7}} b.) New paperback edition, Shambhala Publications, 1973. {{ISBN\|0-394-73007-0}}		* [[Herbert V. Günther\|Guenther, Herbert V.]] ''The Royal Song of Saraha: A Study in the History of Buddhist Thought.'' a.) University of Washington Press, 1970. {{ISBN\|0-295-78552-7}} b.) New paperback edition, Shambhala Publications, 1973. {{ISBN\|0-394-73007-0}}
	* Guenther, Herbert V.; ''Ecstatic Spontaneity: ~~Saraha’s~~ Three Cycles of Doha'' Asian Humanities Press, 1993. {{ISBN\|0-89581-933-3}}		* Guenther, Herbert V.; ''Ecstatic Spontaneity: Saraha's Three Cycles of Doha'' Asian Humanities Press, 1993. {{ISBN\|0-89581-933-3}}

	==External links==		==External links==
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	* [http://www.quietmountain.org/links/teachings/yogi_chen/87.htm Text, The Essential Songs of Milarepa]		* [http://www.quietmountain.org/links/teachings/yogi_chen/87.htm Text, The Essential Songs of Milarepa]
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081004221219/http://www.shambhala.org/ntc/offerings/iron-hook-devotion.htm The Iron Hook of Devotion: A Melodious Feast Song]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081004221219/http://www.shambhala.org/ntc/offerings/iron-hook-devotion.htm The Iron Hook of Devotion: A Melodious Feast Song]
	* [http://www.kagyu-asia.com/l_tilo_t_song_mahamudra.html The Song of Mahamudra] by [[Tilopa]]		* {{usurped\|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20030815075608/http://www.kagyu-asia.com/l_tilo_t_song_mahamudra.html The Song of Mahamudra]}} by [[Tilopa]]

			[[Category:Buddhist poetry]]
			[[Category:Genres of poetry]]
			[[Category:Hindu poetry]]
			[[Category:Hindu tantra]]
	[[Category:Tantra]]		[[Category:Tantra]]
	~~[[Category:Vajrayana]]~~
	~~[[Category:Buddhist poetry]]~~
	~~[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist practices]]~~
	[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist literature]]		[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist literature]]
	~~[[Category:Genres of poetry]]~~
	~~[[Category:Mystic poets]]~~
	[[Category:Tibetan poetry]]		[[Category:Tibetan poetry]]
			[[Category:Vajrayana]]

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2021-01-09T13:08:39Z

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{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
'''Songs of realization''', or '''Songs of Experience''' ({{bo|t=ཉམས་མགུར|w=nyams mgur}}; [[Devanagari|Devanāgarī]]: दोहा; Romanized Sanskrit: ''Dohā''; [[Oriya language|Oriya]]: ପଦ), are sung poetry forms characteristic of the [[tantric movement]] in both [[Vajrayana]] [[Buddhism]] and in [[Hinduism]]. [[Doha (poetry)|Doha]] is also a specific poetic form. Various forms of these songs exist, including '''caryagiti''' ({{lang-sa|caryāgīti}}), or 'performance songs' and '''vajragiti''' (Sanskrit: ''vajragīti'', Tibetan: ''rDo-rje gan-sung'' ), or 'diamond songs', sometimes translated as '''vajra songs''' and '''doha''' (Sanskrit: ''dohā'', दोह, 'that which results from milking the cow'), also called '''doha songs''', distinguishing them from the unsung Indian poetry form of the [[doha (poetry)|doha]]. According to [[Roger R. Jackson|Roger Jackson]], caryagiti and vajragiti "differ generically from dohās because of their different context and function"; the doha being primarily spiritual [[aphorism]]s expressed in the form of [[rhyming couplet]]s whilst caryagiti are stand-alone performance songs and vajragiti are songs that can only be understood in the context of a [[ganachakra]] or [[vajrayana|tantric]] feast.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jackson |first=Roger R.|authorlink=Roger R. Jackson|title=Tantric Treasures:Three Collections of Mystical Verse from Buddhist India|publisher=Oxford University Press |location=USA|year=2004|pages=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06K69W9V7c4C& | isbn=978-0-19-516640-8}}</ref> Many collections of songs of realization are preserved in the [[Tibetan Buddhist canon]], however many of these texts have yet to be translated from the [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan language]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Shaw|first=Miranda|title=Passionate Enlightenment::Women in Tantric Buddhism|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1995|pages=[https://archive.org/details/passionateenligh00shaw/page/225 225 n.97]|isbn=0-691-01090-0|url=https://archive.org/details/passionateenligh00shaw/page/225}}</ref>

Although many of the songs of realization date from the [[mahasiddha]] of India, the tradition of composing mystical songs continued to be practiced by [[vajrayana|tantric]] adepts in later times and examples of spontaneously composed verses by Tibetan [[lama]]s exist up to the present day, an example being [[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EC9M2XogJ6I|title=Songs of Realization|last=Gyamtso|first=Khenpo Tsultrim |accessdate=2008-09-14}}</ref> The most famous Tibetan composer of songs of realization is [[Milarepa]], the 11th century Tibetan [[yogi]] whose ''mgur bum'', or 'The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa' remains a source of instruction and inspiration for [[Tibetan Buddhist]]s, particularly those of the [[kagyu]] school.

==Caryagiti songs==
A renowned collection of Buddhist caryagiti, or mystical songs, is the [[Charyapada]], a palm-leaf manuscript of the 8th-12th century text having been found in the early 20th century in Nepal. Another copy of the Charyapada was preserved in the [[Tibetan Buddhist canon]]. Miranda Shaw describes how caryagiti were an element of the ritual gathering of practitioners in a [[ganachakra|tantric feast]]:<blockquote>The feast culminates in the performance of tantric dances and music that must never be disclosed to outsiders. The revelers may also improvise "songs of realization" (''caryagiti'') to express their heightened clarity and blissful raptures in spontaneous verse.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shaw|first=Miranda|title=Passionate Enlightenment::Women in Tantric Buddhism|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1995|pages=[https://archive.org/details/passionateenligh00shaw/page/81 81]|isbn=0-691-01090-0|url=https://archive.org/details/passionateenligh00shaw/page/81}}</ref>
</blockquote>

==Doha songs==
Ann Waldman describes this poetry form: <blockquote>the ''doha'', a song of realization that acknowledges an encounter with a master teacher, traditionally a guru or lama, and explores a particular wisdom or teaching transmitted through a kind of call-and-response duet format.<ref>{{cite book|last=Waldman|first=Anne|title=Buddhist Women on the Edge:Contemporary Perspectives from the Western Frontier|editor=Marianne Dresser|publisher=North Atlantic Books|year=1996|pages=264|chapter=Poetry as Siddhi|isbn=978-1-55643-203-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gJN25nZ4xRoC&}}</ref>
</blockquote>

An example of a Doha song available in English translation, is by [[Rangjung Dorje]] (1284–1339). The Doha song is entitled ''Distinguishing Consciousness from Wisdom'' (Wylie: rnam shes ye shes ‘byed pa).<ref>[[Rangjung Dorje]] (root text); Venerable Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche (commentary); Peter Roberts (translator) (2001). ''Transcending Ego - Distinguishing Consciousness from Wisdom (Wylie: rnam shes ye shes ‘byed pa).'' Source: [http://www.rinpoche.com/teachings/conwisdom.pdf] (accessed: Wednesday April 1, 2009)</ref> The 2001 translation includes a commentary by [[Thrangu Rinpoche]].

==See also==
*[[Charyapada]]
*[[Lawapa]]
*[[Mahamudra]]
*[[Mahasiddha]]
*[[Milarepa]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
Collections of songs of realization:
* {{cite book|last=Jackson |first=Roger|title=Tantric Treasures:Three Collections of Mystical Verse from Buddhist India|publisher=Oxford University Press |location=USA|year=2004|pages=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06K69W9V7c4C& | isbn=978-0-19-516640-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Dowman |first=Keith|title=Masters of Mahamudra: Songs and Histories of the Eighty-four Buddhist Siddhas|publisher=SUNY Press|location=New York|year=1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EONQw5zYm10C& | isbn=978-0-88706-160-8}}
* ''Milarepa: Songs on the Spot'', translated by Nicole Riggs, Dharma Cloud Press, 2003, {{ISBN|0-9705639-30}}''
* ''Milarepa, The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa'', translated by Garma C.C. Chang, City Lights Books, 1999, {{ISBN|1-57062-476-3}}
*''The Yogi's Joy: Songs of Milarepa'' Sangharakshita, Windhorse Publications, 2006, {{ISBN|1-899579-66-4}}
*''Drinking the Mountain Stream: Songs of Tibet’s Beloved Saint'', Wisdom Publications, {{ISBN|0-86171-063-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Rinpoche|first=Thrangu |title=Songs of Naropa:Commentaries on Songs of Realization|publisher=Rangjung Yeshe Publications|year=1997|isbn=978-962-7341-28-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QuwJwz6nNAC&}}
* [[Herbert V. Günther|Guenther, Herbert V.]] ''The Royal Song of Saraha: A Study in the History of Buddhist Thought.'' a.) University of Washington Press, 1970. {{ISBN|0-295-78552-7}} b.) New paperback edition, Shambhala Publications, 1973. {{ISBN|0-394-73007-0}}
* Guenther, Herbert V.; ''Ecstatic Spontaneity: Saraha’s Three Cycles of Doha'' Asian Humanities Press, 1993. {{ISBN|0-89581-933-3}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081206043819/http://www.kagyuoffice.org/karmapa.background.16thkarmapasongs.html Songs of the 16th Karmapa (1940 - 1962)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081204234513/http://www.nalandabodhi.org/songsandpoems.html Index to Songs, Poems and Prayers, by author]
* [http://www.thdl.org/collections/journal/jiats/index.php?doc=jiats03rev_sujata.xml Review of Tibetan Songs of Realization: Echoes from a Seventeenth-Century Scholar and Siddha in Amdo]
* [http://www.bps.lk/wheels_library/wh_095_097.html Text of 'Sixty Songs of Milarepa']
* [http://www.quietmountain.org/links/teachings/yogi_chen/87.htm Text, The Essential Songs of Milarepa]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081004221219/http://www.shambhala.org/ntc/offerings/iron-hook-devotion.htm The Iron Hook of Devotion: A Melodious Feast Song]
* [http://www.kagyu-asia.com/l_tilo_t_song_mahamudra.html The Song of Mahamudra] by [[Tilopa]]

[[Category:Tantra]]
[[Category:Vajrayana]]
[[Category:Buddhist poetry]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist practices]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist literature]]
[[Category:Genres of poetry]]
[[Category:Mystic poets]]
[[Category:Tibetan poetry]]