Sonahatu block - Revision history

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->Chandan Guha: /* Rural poverty */ Revised

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Rural poverty: Revised

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:59, 23 November 2021
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	'''Sonahatu block''' is a [[Community development blocks in India\|CD block]] that forms an administrative division in the Bundu subdivision of [[Ranchi district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].		'''Sonahatu block''' is a [[Community development blocks in India\|CD block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Bundu subdivision]] of [[Ranchi district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].

	==Maoist activities, dissent==		==Maoist activities, dissent==
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	Sonahatu CD block is bounded by the [[Silli block\|Silli]] CD block on the north, [[Jhalda I]] CD block in Purulia district of West Bengal on the east, Ichagarh CD block in Serikela Kharswan district and [[Tamar block\|Tamar]] CD block on the south and [[Bundu block\|Bundu]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/ranchi.html \| title = Ranchi CD block/ Tehsil map \| publisher = Maps of India \| accessdate = 28 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = http://purulia.gov.in/distAdmin/blocks/blocks.html \|title = Purulia district \|work = Blocks in Purulia district \| publisher= Purulia district administration \| access-date = 14 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/saraikela.html \| title = Seraikela Kharswan CD block/ Tehsil map\| publisher = Maps of India \| accessdate = 28 August 2021}}</ref>		Sonahatu CD block is bounded by the [[Silli block\|Silli]] CD block on the north, [[Jhalda I]] CD block in Purulia district of West Bengal on the east, Ichagarh CD block in Serikela Kharswan district and [[Tamar block\|Tamar]] CD block on the south and [[Bundu block\|Bundu]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/ranchi.html \| title = Ranchi CD block/ Tehsil map \| publisher = Maps of India \| accessdate = 28 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = http://purulia.gov.in/distAdmin/blocks/blocks.html \|title = Purulia district \|work = Blocks in Purulia district \| publisher= Purulia district administration \| access-date = 14 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/saraikela.html \| title = Seraikela Kharswan CD block/ Tehsil map\| publisher = Maps of India \| accessdate = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

	Sonahatu CD block has an area of 273.12 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B\| work= Page 28: District primary census abstract, 2011 census \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>[[Sonahatu#~~police~~ station\|Sonahatu]] police station serves Sonahatu CD block.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi\| title= District Police Profile - Ranchi \|publisher= Jharkhand Police\| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Sonahatu CD block is located at [[Sonahatu]] village.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A\| work= Map of Ranchi district on the third page \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>		Sonahatu CD block has an area of 273.12 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B\| work= Page 28: District primary census abstract, 2011 census \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>[[Sonahatu#Police station\|Sonahatu]] police station serves Sonahatu CD block.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi\| title= District Police Profile - Ranchi \|publisher= Jharkhand Police\| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Sonahatu CD block is located at [[Sonahatu]] village.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A\| work= Map of Ranchi district on the third page \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

	==Demographics==		==Demographics==
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	According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Sonahatu CD block had a total population of 77,252, all of which were rural. There were 39,127 (51%) males and 38,125 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 11,389. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 6,115 (7.92 %) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 18,455 (23.89%).<ref name=census2011/>		According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Sonahatu CD block had a total population of 77,252, all of which were rural. There were 39,127 (51%) males and 38,125 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 11,389. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 6,115 (7.92 %) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 18,455 (23.89%).<ref name=census2011/>

	The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks. <ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A\| work= Page 56, Table 14: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011 \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in ~~the total~~ the total population of Ranchi district numbering 2,914,253 in 2011, was 35.76%. The [[Kurukh people\|Oraons]] forming 18.20% of the population and the [[Munda people\|Mundas]] forming 10.30% of the population, were the main tribes. Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and [[Mahli tribe\|Mahli]] (1.09).<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A\| work= Pages 39-40: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Cenus 2011 \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>		The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks. <ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A\| work= Page 56, Table 14: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011 \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in the total population of Ranchi district numbering 2,914,253 in 2011, was 35.76%. The [[Kurukh people\|Oraons]] forming 18.20% of the population and the [[Munda people\|Mundas]] forming 10.30% of the population, were the main tribes. Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and [[Mahli tribe\|Mahli]] (1.09).<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A\| work= Pages 39-40: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Cenus 2011 \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

	===Literacy===		===Literacy===
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	===Language and religion===		===Language and religion===
	According to the ''District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, [[Nagpuria language\|Nagpuria]] was the mother-tongue of 608,856 persons forming 20.89% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by [[Hindi]] 528,989 persons (18.15%), [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] 432,541 persons (14.84%) and other languages (with no details) 1,343,867 persons (46.11%).<ref>{{cite web\| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf \|title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census\|work = page 39: Mother tongue of earlier census\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>		According to the ''District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, [[Nagpuria language\|Nagpuria]] was the mother-tongue of 608,856 persons forming 20.89% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by [[Hindi]] 528,989 persons (18.15%), [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] 432,541 persons (14.84%) and other languages (with no details) 1,343,867 persons (46.11%).<ref>{{cite web\| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf \|title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census\|work = page 39: Mother tongue of earlier census\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand \| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

			According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue'' in the [[2011 Census of India]], 30.23% of the population in the Ranchi district spoke [[Sadri language\|Sadri]], 28.08% [[Hindi]], 8.55% [[Urdu]], 7.52% [[Kurukh language\|Kurukh]], 7.24% [[Kurmali language\|Kurmali]], 4.79% [[Santali language\|Santali]], 4.70% [[Mundari language\|Mundari]], 2.51% [[Bengali language\|Bengali]], 2.17% [[Bhojpuri language\|Bhojpuri]] and 1.17% [[Magahi language\|Magahi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

	[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web\|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf \|title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) \|pages= 35 \|publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India \|access-date=28 August 2021 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf \|archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>		[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web\|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf \|title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) \|pages= 35 \|publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India \|access-date=28 August 2021 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf \|archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>
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	==Rural poverty==		==Rural poverty==
	60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the [[Below Poverty Line\|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf \| title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India\| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand \| publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive \| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html \| title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand \| publisher = Mint \| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. ~~More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation.~~<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. \| title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data \| publisher = MPRA \| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>		60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the [[Below Poverty Line\|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf \| title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India\| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand \| publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive \| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html \| title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand \| publisher = Mint \| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. \| title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data \| publisher = MPRA \| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>

	==Economy==		==Economy==
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	In Sonahatu CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 16,364 and formed 37.44%, agricultural labourers numbered 24,027 and formed 54.98%, household industry workers numbered 1,024 and formed 2.34% and other workers numbered 2,290 and formed 5.24%. Total workers numbered 43,705 and formed 56.57% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 33,547 and formed 43.43% of the population.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf \| title = District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A\| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 67 and 71 \| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand \| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>		In Sonahatu CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 16,364 and formed 37.44%, agricultural labourers numbered 24,027 and formed 54.98%, household industry workers numbered 1,024 and formed 2.34% and other workers numbered 2,290 and formed 5.24%. Total workers numbered 43,705 and formed 56.57% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 33,547 and formed 43.43% of the population.<ref>{{cite web \| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf \| title = District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A\| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 67 and 71 \| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand \| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>

	<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India\|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf \| title= District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21 Part XII A \| work= Pages 23-24 \|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand\| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref></small>

	===Infrastructure===		===Infrastructure===

imported>Chandan Guha: Infobox updated

2021-09-05T07:06:59Z

Infobox updated

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sonahatu
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|23.196|85.698|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 273.12
| population_total = 77252
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835204
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 06522
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 66.04%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Silli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Silli]]
| website = {{URL|ranchi.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sonahatu block''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an administrative division in the Bundu subdivision of [[Ranchi district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].

==Maoist activities, dissent==
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by [[Naxalite|Maoist]] activities. {{As of|2012}}, Ranchi district was among the highly affected districts in the state.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/Assessment/2013/Jharkhand.htm |title = Jharkhand Assessment 2013 | publisher= Satp | access-date = 4 September 2021}}</ref> “Areas of Tamar, Bundu, Sonahatu, Angarha, Sikidari Police Stations and Rahe O.P. have been widely affected by activities of CPI (Maoist) group till the end of year 2009. At the end of year 2010, The activities of CPI (Maoist) group has been minimized up to almost zero level.”<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi | title = District Police Profile Ranchi | work = Crime Trends – Specially Organised Crime Rural Area | publisher = Jharkhand Police | accessdate = 4 September 2021}}</ref>

According to the Jharkhand Police spokesperson and Inspector General (IG) Saket Singh, as reported on December 8, 2020, “The activities of CPI-Maoist are now confined to small pockets in the state because of our efforts.” Civilian fatalities, a key index of security in a region, declined from 20 in 2019, to 8 in 2020, the lowest in this category since 2000, when there were 13 such fatalities. The 28 total fatalities recorded in 2020 are also the lowest overall fatalities recorded in the state in a year since 2000, when they stood at 36.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.indiablooms.com/news-details/O/68556/jharkhand-dying-embers.html | title= Jharkhand: Dying Embers |publisher= India Blooms| access-date = 4 September 2021}}</ref>

Ranchi being the capital city of the state has always been under minute scrutiny of all.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi | title = District Police Profile - Ranchi | work = SP’s message and vision | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 4 September 2021}}</ref>The arrest, from his home in Ranchi on October 9, 2020, by the [[National Investigation Agency|NIA]], of 83-years old [[Stan Swami|Rev. Fr. Stan Swamy, S.J.]], [[Jesuit]] priest and activist, working with tribals for decades, and his subsequent death in custody, in a Mumbai hospital, on 5 July 2021, has been widely discussed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nia-court-to-pass-order-on-stan-swamy-bail-on-march-22/article34084504.ece|title=NIA court to pass order on Stan Swamy bail on March 22|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 March 2021|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Regi |first1=Anjali |title=Fr. Stan Swamy arrested: Widespread protest |url=https://www.catholicfocus.in/fr-stan-swamy-arrested-widespread-protest/ |website=Catholic Focus |date=9 October 2020 |access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/father-stan-swamy-accused-in-elgar-parishad-case-passes-away-3927641.html | title=Elgar Parishad Case: Activist Stan Swamy, 84, Passes Away Ahead of Hearing on Bail Plea | publisher=News18 | date=5 July 2021 | access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://indianexpress.com/article/india/stan-swamy-arrest-father-nia-6718311/ | title = ‘Distressed, troubled’: Ranchi Catholic Church issues statement on Stan Swamy’s arrest, demands his release | publisher = The Indian Express, 9 October 2020 | access-date = 4 September 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
Sonahatu is located at {{coord|23.196|85.698|display=inline}}.

Sonahatu CD block is located on the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Lower Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. It has an average elevation of {{convert|500-1000|ft}} above mean sea level.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 21 Part XII A, Census of India 2011 | work = Page 9: Administrative Setup, Page 10: Physiography | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

Sonahatu CD block is bounded by the [[Silli block|Silli]] CD block on the north, [[Jhalda I]] CD block in Purulia district of West Bengal on the east, Ichagarh CD block in Serikela Kharswan district and [[Tamar block|Tamar]] CD block on the south and [[Bundu block|Bundu]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/ranchi.html | title = Ranchi CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 28 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://purulia.gov.in/distAdmin/blocks/blocks.html |title = Purulia district |work = Blocks in Purulia district | publisher= Purulia district administration | access-date = 14 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/saraikela.html | title = Seraikela Kharswan CD block/ Tehsil map| publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

Sonahatu CD block has an area of 273.12 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 28: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>[[Sonahatu#police station|Sonahatu]] police station serves Sonahatu CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| title= District Police Profile - Ranchi |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Sonahatu CD block is located at [[Sonahatu]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Ranchi district on the third page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Sonahatu CD block had a total population of 77,252, all of which were rural. There were 39,127 (51%) males and 38,125 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 11,389. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 6,115 (7.92 %) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 18,455 (23.89%).<ref name=census2011/>

The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 56, Table 14: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in the total the total population of Ranchi district numbering 2,914,253 in 2011, was 35.76%. The [[Kurukh people|Oraons]] forming 18.20% of the population and the [[Munda people|Mundas]] forming 10.30% of the population, were the main tribes. Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and [[Mahli tribe|Mahli]] (1.09).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 39-40: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Cenus 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

===Literacy===
{{As of|2011}} census, the total number of literate persons in Sonahatu CD block was 43,494 (66.04% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 26,506 (79.66% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 16,988 (52.13% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 27.53%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Ranchi district was 77.13%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Sr. No. 5, Sheet 2 |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Ranchi district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, [[Nagpuria language|Nagpuria]] was the mother-tongue of 608,856 persons forming 20.89% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by [[Hindi]] 528,989 persons (18.15%), [[Mundari language|Mundari]] 432,541 persons (14.84%) and other languages (with no details) 1,343,867 persons (46.11%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 39: Mother tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=28 August 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census,'' [[Hindus]] numbered 1,612,239 and formed 55.32% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by [[Muslims]] 410,759 (14.09%), [[Christians]] 193,974 (6.66%), other religions 685,936 (23.54), religion not stated 11,345 (0.39%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 39: Religion data of Ranchi district during census 2011| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | publisher = MPRA | access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Sonahatu CD block'''
|value1 = 37.44
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 54.98
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.34
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 5.24
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Sonahatu CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 16,364 and formed 37.44%, agricultural labourers numbered 24,027 and formed 54.98%, household industry workers numbered 1,024 and formed 2.34% and other workers numbered 2,290 and formed 5.24%. Total workers numbered 43,705 and formed 56.57% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 33,547 and formed 43.43% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 67 and 71 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 23-24 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 64 inhabited villages in Sonahatu CD block. In 2011, 12 villages had power supply. 4 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 37 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 37 villages had hand pumps, and 2 villages did not have drinking water facility. 7 villages had post offices, 7 villages had sub post offices, 7 village had telephones (land lines), 32 villages had mobile phone coverage. 54 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 38 villages had bus service (public/ private), 1 village had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 2 villages had taxi/vans, 24 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 3 villages had agricultural credit societies. 8 villages had [[public distribution system]], 61 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 595-598, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
In Ranchi district, 23% of the total area is covered with forests. “With the gradual deforestation of the district, more and more land is being brought under cultivation.” Terraced low lands are called ''don'' and the uplands are called ''tanr''. The hill streams remain almost dry, except in the rainy season, and does not offer much scope for irrigation.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 11:Forestry and Flora and Fauna, Page12: Soil and Cropping, Land and Land use pattern, tenancy and agriculture, Page 13: Irrigation | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}</ref>

In Sonahatu CD block, 46.46% of the total area was cultivable, in 2011. Out of this, 8.22% was irrigated land.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 84, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Ranchi district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 3 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 3 September 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Sonahatu CD block had 9 villages with pre-primary schools, 59 villages with primary schools, 30 villages with middle schools, 2 villages with secondary schools, 3 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 595-596 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 3 September 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Sonahatu CD block had 3 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 11 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 2 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 4 villages with family welfare centres, 10 villages with medicine shops .<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Blocks of Ranchi district}}
{{South Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Ranchi district]]