Solanum incanum - Revision history

SureshAcharya: rework layout further and added references

2025-11-20T18:08:39Z

rework layout further and added references

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:38, 20 November 2025
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	{{Short description\|Species of flowering plant}}		{{Short description\|Species of flowering plant}}
	{{~~taxobox~~		{{For\|the taxon described by Kit.\|Solanum villosum}}
	\| image = Solanum_incanum_(DITSL).JPG		{{Redirect\|Bitterball\|the Dutch food\|Bitterballen}}
	\| image_caption =		{{Speciesbox
	~~\| regnum = [[Plantae]]~~		\| image = Solanum_incanum_(DITSL).JPG
	~~\| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]~~		\| image_caption =
	~~\| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]~~		\| parent = Solanum sect. Melongena
	~~\| unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]~~		\| display_parents = 3
	~~\| ordo = [[Solanales]]~~		\| taxon = Solanum incanum
	~~\| familia~~ = ~~[[Solanaceae]]~~		\| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus\|L.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN \| accessdate=12 January 2010}}</ref>
	\| ~~genus~~ = ~~''[[~~Solanum~~]]''~~		\| synonyms =
	~~\| subgenus = ''[[Solanum#Subgenus Leptostemonum\|Leptostemonum]]''~~		{{Species list
	~~\| sectio = ''~~Melongena''		\|Solanum coagulans var. griseum\|Dunal
	\| ~~species~~ = ~~'''''S. incanum'''''~~		\|Solanum floccosistellatum\|Bitter
	\| ~~binomial~~ = ''Solanum incanum''		\|Solanum hierochuntinum\|Dunal
	\| ~~binomial_authority~~ = [[Carl Linnaeus\|L.]]~~, 1753~~<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN \| accessdate=12 January 2010}}</ref>		\|Solanum hierochuntinum var. lanuginosum\|Dunal
	\| synonyms = {{~~Plainlist~~ \| ~~style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; \|~~		\|Solanum incanum var. brevitomentosum\|Bitter
	*''Solanum bojeri'' <small>Dunal</small>		\|Solanum incanum subsp. horridescens\|Bitter
	*''Solanum sanctum'' <small>L.</small>		\|Solanum incanum var. integrascens\|Bitter
	*Solanum coagulans var. griseum Dunal		\|Solanum incanum var. kavirondoense\|Bitter
	*Solanum floccosistellatum Bitter		\|Solanum incanum var. pluribaccatum\|Bitter
	*Solanum hierochuntinum Dunal		\|Solanum incanum subsp. schoanum\|Bitter
	*Solanum hierochuntinum var. lanuginosum Dunal		\|Solanum incanum var. unguiculatum\|(A.Rich.) Abedin, Al-Yahya, Chaudhary & J.S.Mossa
	*Solanum incanum var. brevitomentosum Bitter		\|Solanum sanctum\|L., nom. superfl.
	*Solanum incanum subsp. horridescens Bitter		\|Solanum undulatum\|Poir.
	*Solanum incanum var. integrascens Bitter		\|Solanum unguiculatum\|A.Rich.
	*Solanum incanum var. kavirondoense Bitter		}}
	*Solanum incanum var. pluribaccatum Bitter		\| synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO_819567-1>{{Cite POWO\|title=''Solanum incanum'' L..\|id=819567-1\|access-date=2024-01-05\|mode=cs1}}</ref>
	*Solanum incanum subsp. schoanum Bitter
	*Solanum incanum var. unguiculatum
	*Solanum sanctum L.
	*Solanum undulatum Poir.
	*Solanum unguiculatum A.Rich.
	}}
	\| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{~~cite web~~
	\|~~url~~=~~http://www.theplantlist~~.~~org/tpl1~~.~~1/record/tro-29600112~~
	\|~~title~~=~~The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species~~
	\|access-date=~~20 November 2014~~}}</ref>
	}}		}}

	'''''Solanum incanum''''' is a species of [[Solanum\|nightshade]], a [[flowering plant]] in the family Solanaceae. It is native to [[~~Sub-Saharan~~ Africa]] ~~and~~ the [[Middle East]], eastwards to India. The species was introduced to [[Taiwan]] and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Solanum incanum L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science\|url=~~http~~://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:819567-1\|access-date=2021-09-20\|website=Plants of the World Online\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Solanum incanum''''' is a species of [[Solanum\|nightshade]], a [[flowering plant]] in the family Solanaceae. It is native to [[East Africa]], [[West Africa]], the [[Middle East]], and eastwards to India. The species was introduced to Taiwan and Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Solanum incanum L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science\|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:819567-1\|access-date=2021-09-20\|website=Plants of the World Online\|language=en}}</ref>

	Common names include '''thorn apple''', '''bitter apple''',<ref name="GRIN" /> '''bitterball''' <ref>{{cite book\|title=Abstracts on Tropical Agriculture\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UotAQAAMAAJ\|date=January 1990\|page=57}}</ref> and '''bitter tomato''' <ref>{{Cite web\|last=Dr.Thimmaiah\|title=Bitter Tomato : A Potential Underutilized Crop\|url=https://www.regenerative-agriculture.net/2012/08/bitter-tomato-potential-underutilized.html\|access-date=2021-05-27\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=Solanum incanum (grey bitter-apple)\|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/50524\|access-date=2021-05-27\|website=www.cabi.org}}</ref> It may be confused with the similar ''[[Solanum linnaeanum\|S. linnaeanum]]'' where their ranges overlap in Africa. In ancient India, ''Solanum incanum'' was domesticated into the [[eggplant]], ''Solanum melongena''.<ref name="Tsaoand">Tsao and Lo in "Vegetables: Types and Biology". ''Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering'' by Yiu H. Hui (2006). CRC Press. {{ISBN\|1-57444-551-0}}.</ref><ref name="Doijode">Doijode, S. D. (2001). ''Seed storage of horticultural crops'' (pp 157). Haworth Press: {{ISBN\|1-56022-901-2}}</ref><ref>[http://www.genetics.org/content/161/4/1697.full Ancestor of brinjal Solanum incanum~~]</ref> In biblical literature, it is sometimes used as a "hedge of thorns" ({{Lang-he\|'''מְשֻׂכַת חָדֶק'''}}).<ref>[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt28.htm Proverbs 15:19~~]</ref>		Common names include '''thorn apple''', '''bitter apple''',<ref name="GRIN" /> '''bitterball'''<ref>{{cite book\|title=Abstracts on Tropical Agriculture\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UotAQAAMAAJ\|date=January 1990\|page=57}}</ref> and '''bitter tomato'''<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Dr.Thimmaiah\|title=Bitter Tomato : A Potential Underutilized Crop\|url=https://www.regenerative-agriculture.net/2012/08/bitter-tomato-potential-underutilized.html\|access-date=2021-05-27\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=Solanum incanum (grey bitter-apple)\|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/50524\|access-date=2021-05-27\|website=www.cabi.org}}</ref> It may be confused with the similar ''[[Solanum linnaeanum\|S. linnaeanum]]'' where their ranges overlap in Africa. In ancient India, ''Solanum incanum'' was domesticated into the [[eggplant]], ''Solanum melongena''.<ref name="Tsaoand">Tsao and Lo in "Vegetables: Types and Biology". ''Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering'' by Yiu H. Hui (2006). CRC Press. {{ISBN\|1-57444-551-0}}.</ref><ref name="Doijode">Doijode, S. D. (2001). ''Seed storage of horticultural crops'' (pp 157). Haworth Press: {{ISBN\|1-56022-901-2}}</ref><ref>[http://www.genetics.org/content/161/4/1697.full Ancestor of brinjal Solanum incanum]</ref>

	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
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	{{Wikispecies-inline\|Solanum incanum}}		{{Wikispecies-inline\|Solanum incanum}}
	* {{cite web \|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/solanaceaesource/taxonomy/description-detail.jsp?spnumber=3045 \|title=''Solanum incanum'' L., Sp. Pl. 188. 1753 \|work=Solanaceae Source \|publisher=Natural History Museum }}		* {{cite web \|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/solanaceaesource/taxonomy/description-detail.jsp?spnumber=3045 \|title=''Solanum incanum'' L., Sp. Pl. 188. 1753 \|work=Solanaceae Source \|publisher=Natural History Museum }}
	*[http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Solanum%20incanum_EN.htm ''Solanum incanum'' L., Prota database]		*[http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Solanum%20incanum_EN.htm ''Solanum incanum'' L., Prota database] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213103621/http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Solanum%20incanum_EN.htm \|date=2015-02-13 }}
	{{WestAfricanPlants\|Solanum incanum}}		{{WestAfricanPlants\|Solanum incanum}}

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	[[Category:Flora of Iran]]		[[Category:Flora of Iran]]
	[[Category:Flora of Mali]]		[[Category:Flora of Mali]]
	~~[[Category:State symbols of Djibouti]]~~
	[[Category:Flora of Somalia]]		[[Category:Flora of Somalia]]
	[[Category:Flora of Syria]]		[[Category:Flora of Syria]]
	[[Category:Flora of Sudan]]		[[Category:Flora of Sudan]]
	[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]		[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
	[[Category:~~Taxa~~ named by Carl Linnaeus]]		[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
	{{Solanales-stub}}		{{Solanales-stub}}

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External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:42, 7 October 2022
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	[[Category:Flora of Mali]]		[[Category:Flora of Mali]]
			[[Category:State symbols of Djibouti]]
	[[Category:Flora of Somalia]]		[[Category:Flora of Somalia]]
	[[Category:Flora of Syria]]		[[Category:Flora of Syria]]

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: create new article

2022-03-10T17:42:32Z

robot: create new article

New page

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{taxobox
| image = Solanum_incanum_(DITSL).JPG
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
| ordo = [[Solanales]]
| familia = [[Solanaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Solanum]]''
| subgenus = ''[[Solanum#Subgenus Leptostemonum|Leptostemonum]]''
| sectio = ''Melongena''
| species = '''''S. incanum'''''
| binomial = ''Solanum incanum''
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]], 1753<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | accessdate=12 January 2010}}</ref>
| synonyms = {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Solanum bojeri'' <small>Dunal</small>
*''Solanum sanctum'' <small>L.</small>
*Solanum coagulans var. griseum Dunal
*Solanum floccosistellatum Bitter
*Solanum hierochuntinum Dunal
*Solanum hierochuntinum var. lanuginosum Dunal
*Solanum incanum var. brevitomentosum Bitter
*Solanum incanum subsp. horridescens Bitter
*Solanum incanum var. integrascens Bitter
*Solanum incanum var. kavirondoense Bitter
*Solanum incanum var. pluribaccatum Bitter
*Solanum incanum subsp. schoanum Bitter
*Solanum incanum var. unguiculatum
*Solanum sanctum L.
*Solanum undulatum Poir.
*Solanum unguiculatum A.Rich.
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-29600112
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref>
}}

'''''Solanum incanum''''' is a species of [[Solanum|nightshade]], a [[flowering plant]] in the family Solanaceae. It is native to [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] and the [[Middle East]], eastwards to India. The species was introduced to [[Taiwan]] and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Solanum incanum L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:819567-1|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Plants of the World Online|language=en}}</ref>

Common names include '''thorn apple''', '''bitter apple''',<ref name="GRIN" /> '''bitterball''' <ref>{{cite book|title=Abstracts on Tropical Agriculture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UotAQAAMAAJ|date=January 1990|page=57}}</ref> and '''bitter tomato''' <ref>{{Cite web|last=Dr.Thimmaiah|title=Bitter Tomato : A Potential Underutilized Crop|url=https://www.regenerative-agriculture.net/2012/08/bitter-tomato-potential-underutilized.html|access-date=2021-05-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Solanum incanum (grey bitter-apple)|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/50524|access-date=2021-05-27|website=www.cabi.org}}</ref> It may be confused with the similar ''[[Solanum linnaeanum|S. linnaeanum]]'' where their ranges overlap in Africa. In ancient India, ''Solanum incanum'' was domesticated into the [[eggplant]], ''Solanum melongena''.<ref name="Tsaoand">Tsao and Lo in "Vegetables: Types and Biology". ''Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering'' by Yiu H. Hui (2006). CRC Press. {{ISBN|1-57444-551-0}}.</ref><ref name="Doijode">Doijode, S. D. (2001). ''Seed storage of horticultural crops'' (pp 157). Haworth Press: {{ISBN|1-56022-901-2}}</ref><ref>[http://www.genetics.org/content/161/4/1697.full Ancestor of brinjal Solanum incanum]</ref> In biblical literature, it is sometimes used as a "hedge of thorns" ({{Lang-he|'''מְשֻׂכַת חָדֶק'''}}).<ref>[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt28.htm Proverbs 15:19]</ref>

==Gallery==

<gallery>
File:Solanum incanum 002.JPG
File:Solanum incanum 0.JPG
File:Solanum incanum 001.JPG
File:Solanum incanum 1.JPG
File:Solanum incanum 003.JPG
File:Solanum_incanum_(DITSL).JPG
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Solanum incanum|''Solanum incanum''}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Solanum incanum}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/solanaceaesource/taxonomy/description-detail.jsp?spnumber=3045 |title=''Solanum incanum'' L., Sp. Pl. 188. 1753 |work=Solanaceae Source |publisher=Natural History Museum }}
*[http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Solanum%20incanum_EN.htm ''Solanum incanum'' L., Prota database]
{{WestAfricanPlants|Solanum incanum}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q311420}}

[[Category:Solanum|incanum]]
[[Category:Desert fruits]]
[[Category:Flora of Western Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Chad]]
[[Category:Flora of Egypt]]
[[Category:Flora of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Flora of Iran]]
[[Category:Flora of Mali]]
[[Category:Flora of Somalia]]
[[Category:Flora of Syria]]
[[Category:Flora of Sudan]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
{{Solanales-stub}}