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{{short description|District of Himachal Pradesh in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Solan district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Himachal Pradesh|District of Himachal Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Solan in Himachal Pradesh (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of Solan district in Himachal Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Solan
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Himachal Pradesh Flag, India.png}} [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Solan]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 1. Solan, 2. Kasauli, 3. Nalagarh, 4. Arki and 5. Kandaghat 6. Baddi 7. Ramshehar
| area_total_km2 = 1936
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 580,320
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 18.22%
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 85.02%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 880
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (shared with Sirmour and Shimla districts)
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 5
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 1253 mm
| website = http://hpsolan.nic.in/
}}
'''Solan district''' is one of the twelve [[Districts of Himachal Pradesh|districts]] of the [[Himachal Pradesh]] state in northern India. The town of [[Solan]] is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district occupies an area of 1936 km2.

==History==
The territory of the present-day district comprises the territories of the erstwhile [[princely states]] of [[Baghal]], [[Baghat]], [[Kunihar]], [[Kuthar]], [[Mangal]], [[Beja (Princely State)|Beja]], [[Mahlog]], [[Nalagarh]] and parts of [[Keonthal]] and [[Koti (princely state)|Koti]] and hilly areas of the erstwhile [[Punjab State]] which were merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1 November 1966. This district came into existence on 1 September 1972. The district was carved out by amalgamating [[Solan]] and [[Arki, India|Arki]] tehsils of the erstwhile [[Mahasu]] district and [[Kandaghat]] and Nalagarh tehsils of the erstwhile [[PEPSU]]. The name of the district as well as its headquarters comes from Mata Shoolini Devi. It's said that she saved Solan from being destroyed.

==District administration and Central Government offices==

===Vidhan Sabha Constituencies===
The district comprises five [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies: [[Arki (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arki]], [[Nalagarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nalagarh]], [[Doon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Doon]], [[Solan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Solan]] and [[Kasauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasauli]]. All of these are part of [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

===Divisions===
The district is divided into four sub-divisions: Solan, comprises Solan and Kasauli tehsils, Nalagarh, Arki, and Kandaghat. Nalagarh, Arki and Kandaghat sub-divisions comprise Nalagarh, Baddi, Ramshehar, Arki, and Kandaghat tehsils respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hpsolan.nic.in/sub-division/|title=Solan Sub divisions|website=hpsolan.nic.in|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>

For administrative purposes, the district has been divided into seven tehsils, namely [[Solan]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Kasauli]], [[Nalagarh]], [[Arki, India|Arki]], [[Baddi]], Ramshehar and five sub-tehsil namely Krishangarh, Darlaghat, Mamligh & Panjehra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hpsolan.nic.in/tehsil-sub-tehsil/|title=Solan Tehsils and sub tehsils|website=hpsolan.nic.in|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> There are five blocks in the district namely [[Solan]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Dharampur, Kasauli|Dharampur]], [[Nalagarh]] and [[Kunihar]]. There are 211 panchayats in the district covering 2383 villages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hpsolan.nic.in/panchayat-village/|title=Solan Panchayats|website=hpsolan.nic.in|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>

The Deputy Commissioner is the head of the district with the office at headquarter town.

[[Solan]] town is the district headquarter of the district and the seat of district administration having offices in government buildings. There are
*Mini Secretariat at bypass containing D.C. Office, S.P. Office, SDM Office, NIC, DYSSO, District Statistical Office, D.R.O., Copying Agency, DRDA, Zila Parishad, District Treasury Office, ASP, DSP, DF&SC, etc.
*PWD circle office near the hospital on tank road. It houses the office of S.E., HP PWD, Solan circle.
*Public Works Department complex on Solan bye-pass. It has offices of Executive Engineer (National Highways), Executive Engineer, HP PWD Solan Division, Assistant Engineer Horticulture Sub Division, etc.
*District Industries Centre at Chambaghat. It has offices of GM, Industries and Mining officer.
*Tehsil Office at Kotla Nallah on Rajgarh road.
*District Public Relations Office near Gurudwara at Saproon.
*Town & Country Planning Office near Dohri Dwar on Barog Bye-pass.
*XEN, Public & Health office near Dohri Dwar on Barog bye-pass.
*Deputy Director, Animal Husbandry on Jaunaji road
*District Agriculture office & District Horticulture office at Chambaghat.
*Chief Medical Officer's Office at Chambaghat.
*District Education Office (Primary & Secondary) at Chambaghat.
*Offices of HPSEB near Power House at Saproon.
*District Courts on the Mall road near Saproon.

A number of Central Govt. Offices too have their own departmental buildings.
*Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India
*N.R.C.M. (National Research Centre for Mushroom)
*C.I.P.M.C. (Centre for Investigation of Pest Management & Control)
*Z.S.I. (Zoological Survey of India)
*E.T.D.C. (Electronics Testing and Development Centre)

The offices at Baddi:
*The Baddi Barotiwala Nalagarh Development Authority (BBNDA)
*HP State Pollution Control Board Regional Office Baddi
*Govt Fire Service Department
*Central Drug Standard Control Office (CDSCO) Subzonal Office
*State Drug Controller, Baddi
*Deputy Director, Industries, Baddi

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Solan district (2011)<ref name="Solan district Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/himachal-pradesh/solan-population.html|title=Solan district Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 94.53
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 2.53
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 2.4
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.25
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|value5 = 0.1
|color5 = Gold
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|value6 = 0.1
|color6 = Maroon
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.02
|color7 = Grey
|label8 = Not Stated
|value8 = 0.07
|color8 = Black
}}

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,41,698|13=1911|14=1,12,318|15=1921|16=1,25,258|17=1931|18=1,18,110|19=1941|20=1,27,921|21=1951|22=1,68,271|23=1961|24=1,92,664|25=1971|26=2,37,514|27=1981|28=3,03,335|29=1991|30=3,82,268|31=2001|32=5,00,557|33=2011|34=5,80,320|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>|align=right}}

[[File:Statue at Solan.jpg|thumb|A Statue at Solan]]
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] the district has a population of 580,320,<ref>{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook Solan, Part XII-B |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0209_PART_B_DCHB_SOLAN.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=21 April 2021 |page=26}}</ref> giving it a ranking of 532nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/237-solan.html | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>
The district has a population density of {{convert| 300 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.9%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Solan has a [[sex ratio]] of 880 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 85.02%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the 2011 census, 39% of the population identified their language as [[Hindi]], 29% named it [[Pahari language|Pahari]], while 8.9% declared [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]. There were also smaller groups of speakers of [[Handuri language|Handuri]] (5.6%), [[Baghati language|Baghati]] (2.6%), [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (2.3%), and [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] (1.4%).<ref>{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Himachal Pradesh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0200.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=6 October 2019}}</ref>

'''District Highlights of 2011 Census'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0209_PART_A_DCHB_SOLAN.pdf|title=District Census Handbook, Solan Village And Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)|website=censusindia.gov.in/2011census|access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref>

* Solan district occupies the 4th rank among the districts in terms of population.
* Solan district stands at 2nd position in terms of the urban population in the state.
* Solan district occupies 11th position in sex ratio by registering 880 females per 1000 males against state average of 972 females. This sex ratio has slightly improved from 852 females in 2001 to 880 in 2011.
* Solan district stands 4th in terms of its working force having total workers of 298,737 persons against 3,559,422 working persons of the state.
* Solan district stands at 2nd positions in terms of decadal population growth (2001-2011) of 15.9 percent persons in comparison to state decadal population growth of 12.9 percent persons.
* In terms of density of population per km2. Solan district with 300 persons per km2. stands at 4th rank in the state.
* Solan district occupies 4th rank among the districts of the state in terms of the literate population. It has a literate population of 428,578 persons.
* The economy of Solan district is more or less dependent on agriculture. It has returned 141,267 persons as cultivators and holds the 8th position among the districts of the state.
* Solan district is known for its exquisite climate which attracts a large number of tourists from the plains around the year. Shivalik range of mountains full of diverse flora and fauna make Solan district as a whole an exhilarating experience.
* Solan district has an important place on the tourist map of the state with famous tourist places like [[Solan]] town, [[Chail, Himachal Pradesh|Chail]], [[Kasauli]], [[Barog]] and [[Dagshai]].
* Solan is famous for the production of off-season vegetables. Because of the high production of Mushroom the town of Solan still holds the fame of the Mushroom City of India.
* Solan is also known as City of Red Gold as a large number of tomatoes are produced in the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook, Solan Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{Main|Solan}}

=== Agriculture<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.districtsofindia.com/himachalpradesh/solan/agriculture/index.aspx|title=Districts of India, HP, Solan Agriculture |website=Districts of India|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> ===
Agriculture is the prominent feature of Solan district. It is the main occupation of the inhabitants of Solan district and about 60 percent of people are dependent on their livelihood on agriculture and its allied activities. Maize, wheat, and barley are the main crops and onion, pulses and peas are the main cash crops grown in many parts of the district.

Vegetables like cabbage, turnip, beans, ladyfinger, tomato, radish, chilies, garlic, etc. are grown in many parts of the district. Besides this cultivation of mushroom in the district is also very high. So much so that N.R.C.M. (National Research Centre for Mushroom), Central Government Body is located in Solan town. People not only involved in the agriculture of the mushroom but they also use it for preparing Pickles, Murabas, and soups of mushroom. Because the cultivation of mushroom is very popular in Solan, so people call the city of Solan as '''"Mushroom City"'''.

===Horticulture===

The climatic and geographical conditions of the Solan district provide the good scope for the development of the horticulture. People of the district prefer horticulture over the agriculture and the area under horticulture is increasing year after year in the district. Apricot, plum, pear, mango, banana, grapes and kiwi etc. are the main fruits of this district. In addition to this some natural and traditional fruits such as chulli and brahmi are also grown. These fruits are used for making wine, juices, squashes, pickle etc. Edible oil is extracted from the seeds of chulli in this district. The chulli oil is used for cooking purposes.

The people of this area are slowly and steadily shifting from traditional agriculture activities to the horticulture and the area covered under horticulture is rising steadily with significant increase in fruits production.

Horticulture is not only providing fruits to eat but also provide good scope in the fruit processing industries. As such cash crops constitute the main stay of economy. Even Government of Himachal Pradesh has given priority to create and improve horticulture in Solan district.

===Animal husbandry===
Animal husbandry is a traditional practise by the farmers along with agriculture. It gives them another source of income. Any surplus milk and butteroil is sold in the town which offers quick returns and near stable price.

===Trade and Commerce===
The major towns in the district are popular in the surrounding area. So they show good level of trade and commerce activities. The district headquarter Solan town has an organised sabzi mandi with supporting facilities constructed at Kather on Solan by pass. This Mandi is popular since farmers are getting handsome return of their produce.

==Industry==
{{Main|Baddi}}

There are three main industrial hubs in Solan district:
*Industrial Estate, [[Parwanoo]]
*Industrial Estate and electronic complex, Chambaghat, [[Solan]]
*35-km-long industrial corridor named [[Baddi]]-[[Barotiwala]]-[[Nalagarh]], or BBN, for official purposes.<ref name="BD1">{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/industry/what-indias-five-manufacturing-hubs-expect-from-modi-government-to-kick-start-growth/articleshow/37893216.cms|title=What India's five manufacturing hubs expect from Modi government to kick-start growth|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bbndahp.nic.in/|title=BBN Development Authority|website=bbndahp.nic.in|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>

BBN has emerged as a global Pharma hub.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/with-rs-30k-cr-turnover-baddi-emerges-global-pharma-hub-2786853/|title=With Rs 30K cr turnover, Baddi emerges global pharma hub|date=6 May 2016|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref>

==Culture==
{{Main|Solan}}

==Attractions and tourism==
{{Main|Solan}}

===Places of interest===
There are many places of interest in Solan.
*[[Maa Shoolini]] Devi temple on Shilly Road
*[[Badi ki dhar]]
*[[Mohan Meakin]] Breweries the oldest distillery in India and one of the oldest in the world.
*[[Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry]]
*[[Barog railway station]]
*[[Kasauli]]
*[[Chail, Himachal Pradesh|Chail]]

==Education==
{{Main|Solan}}

There is a good educational infrastructure in Solan district. The major cities and suburbs are hub of educational institutions and training centres. The various Primary and High schools of government and private institutions meet the needs of undergraduate students.

===Central government===
*[[Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry]]

===Private universities===
*[[Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies]], [[Baddi]], District. Solan
*[[Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh]], Barotiwala, District. Solan
*[[Jaypee University of Information Technology]], [[Waknaghat]], District. Solan
*[[Maharaja Agrasen University]]
*[[Manav Bharti University]], Kumarhatti, District. Solan
*[[Shoolini University]] of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan

'''A joint initiative of Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India, Govt. of H.P. & Baddi Barotiwala Nalagarh Industries Association (BBNIA)'''
*Baddi Technical Training Institute<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://btti.in/special.html|title=Baddi Technical Training Institute|website=BTTI|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>

===Motilal Nehru Central State Library===
Motilal Nehru Central state library is situated on The Mall, Solan. Established on 29 June 1959, it is the only Central State Library in Himachal Pradesh. All the schools and public libraries in the state come under it. Till 1973 the library was running a certificate course in library science, and had even initiated the Mobile Library project to benefit youth in rural areas of the state.

This library is Responsible for managing all school & public libraries in the state. There are thousands of precious and valuable books housed in this library. This library is centrally located above PNB on The Mall Solan.

==Notable people==
*[[Dhani Ram Shandil]] - Ex Member of Parliament
*[[Rajeev Bindal]] - Speaker [[Himachal Pradesh]] Vidhan Sabha
*[[Ram Prasad Bairagi]], Freedom fighter of 1857
*[[Tisca Chopra]] - Actress from Kasauli

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://hpsolan.nic.in/ Solan district website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101125203113/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Solan/A.%20DISTRICT%20PROFILE.doc DISTRICT PROFILE]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101125203151/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Solan/B.CULTURAL%20%26%20TOURISM%20HERITAGE%20OF%20THE%20DISTRICT.doc CULTURAL & TOURISM HERITAGE OF THE DISTRICT]
*[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0209_PART_A_DCHB_SOLAN.pdf DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK SOLAN VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA)]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Solan district
|North = [[Mandi district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Shimla district]]
|Southeast = [[Sirmaur district]]
|South = [[Panchkula district]], [[Haryana]]
|Southwest = [[Mohali district]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|West = [[Rupnagar district]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|Northwest = [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]]
}}

{{Districts of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Geo HP}}

{{coord|30.9059|N|77.0925|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Solan district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

[[sv:Solan]]

Solan district - Revision history

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.