Sohrai - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 21:56, 13 December 2021
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	\|holiday_name = Sohrai		\|holiday_name = Sohrai
	\|type =		\|type =
	~~\|nickname = [[Bandna]]~~
	\|image =		\|image =
	\|caption =		\|caption =
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	\|longtype = Cultural, seasonal		\|longtype = Cultural, seasonal
	\|celebrations = [[Diya (light)\|Diya]], home decoration, performing rituals and feast		\|celebrations = [[Diya (light)\|Diya]], home decoration, performing rituals and feast
			\|relatedto = [[Bandna]], [[Diwali]]
	}}		}}

	'''Sohrai''' is a harvest festival of the Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]], and [[West Bengal]]. It also called cattle festival. It is celebrated after harvest and coincide with festival of [[Diwali]]. It is celebrated by [[Kumhar\|Prajapati~~]], [[Kudumi Mahato\|Kurmi~~]], [[Santal]], [[Munda people\|Munda]] and [[Oraons]] among others.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.shuru-art.com/blogs/news/sohrai-the-traditional-harvest-art-of-jharkhand\|title=SOHRAI: THE TRADITIONAL HARVEST ART OF JHARKHAND\|website=shuru-art.com}}</ref><ref name="sohrai" >{{Cite web\|url=https://indroyc.com/2015/11/11/sohrai-a-festival-of-santhal-tribe/\|title=Sohrai, A festival and an art\|website=indroyc.com\|date=10 November 2015}}</ref>		'''Sohrai''' is a harvest festival of the Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]], and [[West Bengal]]. It also called cattle festival. It is celebrated after harvest and coincide with festival of [[Diwali]]. It is celebrated by [[Kumhar\|Prajapati]], [[Santal]], [[Munda people\|Munda]] and [[Oraons]] among others.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.shuru-art.com/blogs/news/sohrai-the-traditional-harvest-art-of-jharkhand\|title=SOHRAI: THE TRADITIONAL HARVEST ART OF JHARKHAND\|website=shuru-art.com}}</ref><ref name="sohrai" >{{Cite web\|url=https://indroyc.com/2015/11/11/sohrai-a-festival-of-santhal-tribe/\|title=Sohrai, A festival and an art\|website=indroyc.com\|date=10 November 2015}}</ref>

	It is celebrated on [[Amavasya]] of the Hindu month [[Kartik (month)\|Kartik]] in the month of October–November. In some region it celebrated also in mid January. In this festival, people fast, paint house, prepared food. In night, they light earthen lamps in the cattle-sheds and offered sacrifice to deity of animals Gaurea also known as [[Pasupati]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.maatighar.~~org~~/sohrai-~~painting~~/\|title=SOHRAI ~~PAINTING~~ \|website=maatighar.~~org~~}}</ref><ref name="cattle"/>		It is celebrated on [[Amavasya]] of the Hindu month [[Kartik (month)\|Kartik]] in the month of October–November. In some region it celebrated also in mid January. In this festival, people fast, paint house, prepared food. In night, they light earthen lamps in the cattle-sheds and offered sacrifice to deity of animals Gaurea also known as [[Pasupati]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.maatighar.com/sohrai-paintings-of-jharkhand/\|title=SOHRAI PAINTINGS OF JHARKHAND \|website=maatighar.com}}</ref><ref name="cattle"/>

	==Celebration==		==Celebration==
	Sohrai is harvest festival celebrated after harvest. The festival is celebrated on [[Amavasya]](new moon) in the Hindu month of [[Kartik (month)\|Kartik]](October-November).		Sohrai is harvest festival celebrated after harvest. The festival is celebrated on [[Amavasya]](new moon) in the Hindu month of [[Kartik (month)\|Kartik]](October-November).
	The feast is celebrated in the honour of cattle especially bullocks, buffalos, goats and sheep. On the day [[Diya (lamp)\|earthen lamps]] lits on homes, cattle sheds, kitchen and garden. On the festival day, those animals are bathed, their horn and foreheads are anointed with [[vermillion]] diluted in oils. They are offered special food of rice and vegetables. Sacrifice is offered to deity Gaurea(Spirit of cowshed). Sohrai is day to express gratitude and affection for livestocks.<ref name="cattle">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adfL-YEHN_AC~~&pg=PA58~~&dq=sohrai#q=~~sohrai~~\|title=Complementarity of Human Life and Other Life Forms in Nature: A Study of Human Obligations Toward the Environment with Particular Reference to the Oraon Indigenous Community of Chotanagpur, India\|last=Xalxo\|first=Prem\|date=2007\|publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop\|isbn=978-88-7839-082-9\|pages=58\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMzYAAAAMAAJ&q~~=sohrai&dq~~=sohrai\|title=Sevartham\|date=2005\|publisher=St. Albert's College\|language=en\|page=28}}</ref><ref name="book1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adfL-YEHN_AC~~&pg=PA58~~&dq=sohrai#q=~~sohrai~~\|title=Complementarity of Human Life and Other Life Forms in Nature: A Study of Human Obligations Toward the Environment with Particular Reference to the Oraon Indigenous Community of Chotanagpur, India\|last=Xalxo\|first=Prem\|date=2007\|publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop\|isbn=978-88-7839-082-9\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDAdAAAAMAAJ&q~~=sohrai&dq~~=sohrai\|title=The Changing Munda\|last=Sachchidananda\|date=1979\|publisher=Concept\|pages=291\|language=en}}</ref>		The feast is celebrated in the honour of cattle especially bullocks, buffalos, goats and sheep. On the day [[Diya (lamp)\|earthen lamps]] lits on homes, cattle sheds, kitchen and garden. On the festival day, those animals are bathed, their horn and foreheads are anointed with [[vermillion]] diluted in oils. They are offered special food of rice and vegetables. Sacrifice is offered to deity Gaurea(Spirit of cowshed). Sohrai is day to express gratitude and affection for livestocks.<ref name="cattle">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adfL-YEHN_AC&dq=sohrai&pg=PA58\|title=Complementarity of Human Life and Other Life Forms in Nature: A Study of Human Obligations Toward the Environment with Particular Reference to the Oraon Indigenous Community of Chotanagpur, India\|last=Xalxo\|first=Prem\|date=2007\|publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop\|isbn=978-88-7839-082-9\|pages=58\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMzYAAAAMAAJ&q=sohrai\|title=Sevartham\|date=2005\|publisher=St. Albert's College\|language=en\|page=28}}</ref><ref name="book1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adfL-YEHN_AC&dq=sohrai&pg=PA58\|title=Complementarity of Human Life and Other Life Forms in Nature: A Study of Human Obligations Toward the Environment with Particular Reference to the Oraon Indigenous Community of Chotanagpur, India\|last=Xalxo\|first=Prem\|date=2007\|publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop\|isbn=978-88-7839-082-9\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDAdAAAAMAAJ&q=sohrai\|title=The Changing Munda\|last=Sachchidananda\|date=1979\|publisher=Concept\|pages=291\|isbn=9780391019324\|language=en}}</ref>
	The harvest festival is the time of the year when they exhibit their artistic skills and expressions. Every year, after the festival is over, the drawings and patterns created during this time are erased. This festival usually takes place in the month October or November for three days. The festival coincide with [[Diwali]].<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cc2GAwAAQBAJ~~&pg=PA268~~&dq=sohrai#q=~~sohrai~~\|title=Livelihood and Gender: Equity in Community Resource Management\|last=Krishna\|first=Sumi\|date=2004-01-13\|publisher=SAGE Publications India\|isbn=978-81-321-0385-1\|pages=268\|language=en}}</ref> Sohrai is the chief festival of Santhal tribe held in after the chief rice crop of the year has been got in.<ref name="problem">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvA-AAAAIAAJ~~&q=~~\|title=Problems of Tribal Education and the Santals\|last=Gupta\|first=Narendra Kumar Das\|date=1963\|publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh\|pages=50\|language=en}}</ref>		The harvest festival is the time of the year when they exhibit their artistic skills and expressions. Every year, after the festival is over, the drawings and patterns created during this time are erased. This festival usually takes place in the month October or November for three days. The festival coincide with [[Diwali]].<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cc2GAwAAQBAJ&dq=sohrai&pg=PA268\|title=Livelihood and Gender: Equity in Community Resource Management\|last=Krishna\|first=Sumi\|date=2004-01-13\|publisher=SAGE Publications India\|isbn=978-81-321-0385-1\|pages=268\|language=en}}</ref> Sohrai is the chief festival of Santhal tribe held in after the chief rice crop of the year has been got in.<ref name="problem">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvA-AAAAIAAJ\|title=Problems of Tribal Education and the Santals\|last=Gupta\|first=Narendra Kumar Das\|date=1963\|publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh\|pages=50\|language=en}}</ref>

	== Arts ==		== Arts ==
			{{See also\|Sohrai and Khovar painting}}
	In [[Hazaribagh district]] of Jharkhand, an indigenous art form is practised by the women. Ritualistic art is done on mud walls to welcome the harvest and to celebrate the cattle. The women clean their houses and decorate their walls with murals of Sohrai arts. This art form has continued since 10,000-4,000 BC. It was prevalent mostly in caves, but shifted to houses with mud walls.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Land use, environment and economic growth in India\|last=1949-\|first=Singh, Ajit Kumar\|date=1997\|publisher=MD Publ\|isbn=8175330252\|oclc=313224070}}</ref>		In [[Hazaribagh district]] of Jharkhand, an indigenous art form is practised by the women. Ritualistic art is done on mud walls to welcome the harvest and to celebrate the cattle. The women clean their houses and decorate their walls with murals of Sohrai arts. This art form has continued since 10,000-4,000 BC. It was prevalent mostly in caves, but shifted to houses with mud walls.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Land use, environment and economic growth in India\|last=1949-\|first=Singh, Ajit Kumar\|date=1997\|publisher=MD Publ\|isbn=8175330252\|oclc=313224070}}</ref>
	[[File:Sohrai wall painting jharkhand India.jpg\|thumb\|Sohrai wall painting jharkhand]]		[[File:Sohrai wall painting jharkhand India.jpg\|thumb\|Sohrai wall painting jharkhand]]
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Short description|Harvest festival in East India}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Sohrai
|type =
|nickname = [[Bandna]]
|image =
|caption =
|observedby =
|litcolor =
|longtype = Cultural, seasonal
|celebrations = [[Diya (light)|Diya]], home decoration, performing rituals and feast
}}

'''Sohrai''' is a harvest festival of the Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]], and [[West Bengal]]. It also called cattle festival. It is celebrated after harvest and coincide with festival of [[Diwali]]. It is celebrated by [[Kumhar|Prajapati]], [[Kudumi Mahato|Kurmi]], [[Santal]], [[Munda people|Munda]] and [[Oraons]] among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shuru-art.com/blogs/news/sohrai-the-traditional-harvest-art-of-jharkhand|title=SOHRAI: THE TRADITIONAL HARVEST ART OF JHARKHAND|website=shuru-art.com}}</ref><ref name="sohrai" >{{Cite web|url=https://indroyc.com/2015/11/11/sohrai-a-festival-of-santhal-tribe/|title=Sohrai, A festival and an art|website=indroyc.com|date=10 November 2015}}</ref>

It is celebrated on [[Amavasya]] of the Hindu month [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]] in the month of October–November. In some region it celebrated also in mid January. In this festival, people fast, paint house, prepared food. In night, they light earthen lamps in the cattle-sheds and offered sacrifice to deity of animals Gaurea also known as [[Pasupati]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maatighar.org/sohrai-painting/|title=SOHRAI PAINTING |website=maatighar.org}}</ref><ref name="cattle"/>

==Celebration==
Sohrai is harvest festival celebrated after harvest. The festival is celebrated on [[Amavasya]](new moon) in the Hindu month of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]](October-November).
The feast is celebrated in the honour of cattle especially bullocks, buffalos, goats and sheep. On the day [[Diya (lamp)|earthen lamps]] lits on homes, cattle sheds, kitchen and garden. On the festival day, those animals are bathed, their horn and foreheads are anointed with [[vermillion]] diluted in oils. They are offered special food of rice and vegetables. Sacrifice is offered to deity Gaurea(Spirit of cowshed). Sohrai is day to express gratitude and affection for livestocks.<ref name="cattle">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adfL-YEHN_AC&pg=PA58&dq=sohrai#q=sohrai|title=Complementarity of Human Life and Other Life Forms in Nature: A Study of Human Obligations Toward the Environment with Particular Reference to the Oraon Indigenous Community of Chotanagpur, India|last=Xalxo|first=Prem|date=2007|publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop|isbn=978-88-7839-082-9|pages=58|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMzYAAAAMAAJ&q=sohrai&dq=sohrai|title=Sevartham|date=2005|publisher=St. Albert's College|language=en|page=28}}</ref><ref name="book1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adfL-YEHN_AC&pg=PA58&dq=sohrai#q=sohrai|title=Complementarity of Human Life and Other Life Forms in Nature: A Study of Human Obligations Toward the Environment with Particular Reference to the Oraon Indigenous Community of Chotanagpur, India|last=Xalxo|first=Prem|date=2007|publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop|isbn=978-88-7839-082-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDAdAAAAMAAJ&q=sohrai&dq=sohrai|title=The Changing Munda|last=Sachchidananda|date=1979|publisher=Concept|pages=291|language=en}}</ref>
The harvest festival is the time of the year when they exhibit their artistic skills and expressions. Every year, after the festival is over, the drawings and patterns created during this time are erased. This festival usually takes place in the month October or November for three days. The festival coincide with [[Diwali]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cc2GAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA268&dq=sohrai#q=sohrai|title=Livelihood and Gender: Equity in Community Resource Management|last=Krishna|first=Sumi|date=2004-01-13|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0385-1|pages=268|language=en}}</ref> Sohrai is the chief festival of Santhal tribe held in after the chief rice crop of the year has been got in.<ref name="problem">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvA-AAAAIAAJ&q=|title=Problems of Tribal Education and the Santals|last=Gupta|first=Narendra Kumar Das|date=1963|publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh|pages=50|language=en}}</ref>

== Arts ==
In [[Hazaribagh district]] of Jharkhand, an indigenous art form is practised by the women. Ritualistic art is done on mud walls to welcome the harvest and to celebrate the cattle. The women clean their houses and decorate their walls with murals of Sohrai arts. This art form has continued since 10,000-4,000 BC. It was prevalent mostly in caves, but shifted to houses with mud walls.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Land use, environment and economic growth in India|last=1949-|first=Singh, Ajit Kumar|date=1997|publisher=MD Publ|isbn=8175330252|oclc=313224070}}</ref>
[[File:Sohrai wall painting jharkhand India.jpg|thumb|Sohrai wall painting jharkhand]]
This Sohrai art form can be monochromatic or colorful. The people coat the wall with a layer of white mud, and while the layer is still wet, they draw with their fingertips on it. Their designs range from flowers and fruits to various other nature-inspired designs. The cow dung that was earlier used to cake the walls of the house is used to add colour. The dark outline is visible due to the previously applied contrasting white mud coat. Sohrai artists are spontaneous in their drawing. Little pre-planning is evident. The canvases range up to 12 x 18 feet..The designs are usually drawn from the artist's memory. The personal experience of the artist and their interaction with nature are the biggest influence.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Culture of Jharkhand]]

{{India-festival-stub}}