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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{short description|Gupta Emperor who ruled parts of Indian subcontinent during c. 455-467}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = 8th [[Gupta Empire|Gupta Emperor]]
| image= [[File:Skandagupta Circa 455-480 CE.jpg|300px]]
| caption =Gold coin of Skandagupta, depicting himself on the obverse, [[Lakshmi]] on the reverse. The name [[File:Gupta ashoka sk.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad nd.jpg|12px]] ''Skan-da'' appears vertically under the left arm of the king.
| reign = {{circa|455|467 CE}}
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<ref>"For the temporary reprieve from the Huns won by Skandagupta was the final phase of Indian classicism . The king himself worshipped Hindu gods and goddesses, then returning to the fore, but he did not neglect other beliefs such as Jainism and Buddhism." in {{cite book |last1=Cotterell |first1=Arthur |title=The Pimlico Dictionary Of Classical Civilizations |date=30 June 2011 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4464-6672-8 |page=367 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3zy_zJdaSSIC&pg=PT367 |language=en}} and {{cite book |last1=Cotterell |first1=Arthur |title=From Aristotle to Zoroaster: An A to Z Companion to the Classical World |year=1998 |publisher=Free Press |isbn=978-0-684-85596-7 |page=173 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRxmAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Kumaragupta I]]
| successor =[[Purugupta]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| dynasty = [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]
| father =[[Kumaragupta I]]
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
}}
{{Location map+
|South Asia
|float = right
|width = 300
|caption = [[Find spot]]s of inscriptions of Skandagupta, and contemporary polities.
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=25.97|N |long=83.96|E |label=[[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta|Bhitari pillar]] |position=right |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=21.494722|N |long=70.505556|E |label=[[Girnar|Girnar rock]] |position=right |label_size=70 }}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=26.394673|N |long=83.837914|E |label=[[Khukhundoo|Kahaum pillar]]|position=top |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=31|N |long=70|E |label=[[Kidarites|KIDARITES]] |position=right |label_size=70| mark=1000x1.png|marksize=0 }}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=37|N |long=62|E |label=[[Alchon Huns|{{center|ALCHON HUNS}}]] |position=right |label_size=70| mark=1000x1.png|marksize=0 }}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=26|N |long=76|E |label=[[Gupta Empire|'''{{center|GUPTA EMPIRE}}''']] |position=right |label_size=70 |mark=1000x1.png|marksize=0}}
}}
'''Skandagupta''' ([[Gupta script]]: [[File:Gupta ashoka sk.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad nd.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad gu.jpg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad pt.jpg|12px]] ''Ska-nda-gu-pta'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=John |title=Catalogue of the coins of the Gupta dynasties |date=1914 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.47214/page/n251 114] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.47214}}</ref> r. {{Circa|455}}-467) was a [[Gupta Empire|Gupta Emperor]] of [[India]]. His [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta|Bhitari pillar inscription]] suggests that he restored the Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who may have been rebels or foreign invaders. He repulsed an invasion by the [[Indo-Hephthalite]]s (known as [[Huna people|Hunas]] in India), probably the [[Kidarites]]. He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, and is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors. The Gupta genealogy after him is unclear, but he was most probably succeeded by [[Purugupta]], who appears to have been his younger half-brother.

== Early life ==
Skandagupta was a son of the Gupta emperor [[Kumaragupta I]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}} His mother may have been a junior queen or a concubine of Kumaragupta. This theory is based on the fact that Skandagputa's inscriptions mention the name of his father, but not of his mother.{{sfn|Hermann Kulke|Dietmar Rothermund|2004|p=96}} For example, Skandagupta's [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta|Bhitari pillar inscription]] lists the chief queens (''mahadevis'') of his ancestors [[Chandragupta I]], [[Samudragupta]], and [[Chandragupta II]], but does not mention the chief queen of his father Kumaragupta.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1962|pp=17-28}} [[John Faithfull Fleet|J. F. Fleet]] read a line of the Bhitari inscription to state that Skandagupta was "raised to Aryan status by the panegyrics of bards". Based on this, [[Arthur Llewellyn Basham|A. L. Basham]] theorized that his mother was from a low-caste [[Shudra]] background.{{sfn|Jagannath Agrawal|1968|p=325}}

Others, such as [[Dasharatha Sharma]] have criticized this theory, pointing out that the Bhitari inscription clearly suggests that Skandagupta's mother held a very exalted status in the eyes of her son.{{sfn|Jagannath Agrawal|1968|p=325}} The inscription states that after restoring the fallen fortunes of his family by defeating his enemies, he visited his mother just like the legendary hero [[Krishna]] had visited his mother [[Devaki]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}} Jagannath Agrawal theorizes that the composer of the inscription deliberately departed from convention and devoted a line to the king's mother: this was not because of the inferior status of the mother.{{sfn|Jagannath Agrawal|1968|p=326}} Agrawal disputes Fleet's reading of the "Aryan status" line, providing an alternative reading: "whom nobility causes to blush by reason of the narrations of his exploits by means of songs and eulogies". This line seems to be inspired from a verse in [[Kalidasa]]'s ''[[Raghuvaṃśa]]''. Agrawal further argues that the Bhitari inscription is a ''[[prashasti]]'' aimed at glorifying the king, and its composer would not have made a derogatory insinuation about the low status of the king's mother.{{sfn|Jagannath Agrawal|1968|p=326}}

Based on the inscription, some scholars have theorised that Devaki was the name of his mother. However, according to historian [[R. C. Majumdar]], it is more likely that the description aims to highlight the degraded position of his mother just like that of the legendary Devaki, before Skandagupta restored her to a position of prestige and power, just like Krishna did for Devaki.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}}

== Ascension to the throne ==
{{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=400
| align = right
| direction =horizontal
| header=Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta
| image1 = Bhitari pillar of Skandagupta.jpg
| image2 = Bhitari pillar inscription.jpg
| footer=The [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta]]
}}
Skandagupta ascended the throne in year 136 of the [[Gupta era]] ({{Circa|455}}-456 CE).{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}} According to the [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta|Bhitari pillar inscription]], he restored "the fallen fortunes of his family". The inscription states that when he prepared to do so, he spent a night on the bare earth, and then defeated his enemies, who had grown wealthy and powerful. After defeating his enemies, he visited his widowed mother, whose eyes were "full of tears from joy".{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}}

Many scholars read the name of the enemies mentioned in the Bhitari inscription as "[[Pushyamitras]]", who according to the [[Puranas]], were a tribe, and probably ruled an area located on the banks of the [[Narmada River]]. However, an alternative interpretation of the inscription reads "Yudhyamitras" (a generic term for enemies) instead of "Pushyamitras".{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=70}}

According to one theory, these enemies invaded the Gupta empire during the last years of Kumaragupta's reign, or shortly after his death, and Skandagupta defeated them. According to another theory, the conflict referred to in the Bhitari inscription resulted from a disputed succession to the throne. This theory is based on the following points:{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=70}}

{{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=1|total_width=250
| align = left
| direction =vertical
| header=Junagadh rock inscription of Skandagupta
| image1 = Ashoka Rock Edict at Junagadh.jpg
| image2 = Junagadh rock inscription of Skandagupta.png
| footer=The [[Junagadh]] rock in [[Girnar|Girnar mountain]] contains an inscription of Skandagupta, besides those of the earlier kings [[Ashoka]] and [[Rudradaman I]].<ref>[http://projectsouthasia.sdstate.edu/Docs/HISTORY/PRIMARYDOCS/EPIGRAPHY/JunagadhRockInscription.htm "Junagadh Rock Inscription of Rudradaman", ''Project South Asia''.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223182107/http://projectsouthasia.sdstate.edu/Docs/HISTORY/PRIMARYDOCS/EPIGRAPHY/JunagadhRockInscription.htm|date=23 February 2009 }}</ref>
}}
* The Junagadh inscription states that after his father's death, Skandagupta became "the ruler of the earth" by his own prowess.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=70}} This suggests that Skandagupta acquired the throne using force.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}
* His mother may was probably a junior wife of Kumaragupta rather than the chief queen (see [[#Early life|Early life]] section above), and therefore, his claim to the throne was not legitimate.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1962|pp=17-28}}
* The Junagadh inscription states that [[Lakshmi]], the goddess of fortune, chose Skandagupta as her husband after rejecting all other "sons of kings".{{sfn|D. K. Ganguly|1987|p=79}}{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=70}} Some coins issued by Skandagupta depict a woman offering him an uncertain object, probably a [[varmala|garland]] or a ring. Assuming this woman is Lakshmi, the depiction seems to be a visual representation of the statement made in the inscription.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|pp=70-71}} (Some scholars identify the woman as a queen rather than Lakshmi).{{sfn|D. K. Ganguly|1987|p=79}}
* The Bhitari inscription makes three mentions of the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family (''kula'' or ''vamsha''). The mention of ''family'', rather than the ''empire'', may be a reference to the disputed succession to the throne. The reading "Yudhyamitras", rather than "Pushyamitras", may be correct, and the enemies referred to in the inscription may be rival claimants to the throne.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|pp=70-71}}
* Various historical records suggest that multiple people in the Gupta empire assumed sovereign status after Kumaragupta's death. These people include Kumaragupta's brother [[Govindagupta]], his relative Ghatotkacha-gupta, and Prakashaditya (who is known from some gold coins). These people may have been rivals of Skandagupta.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}

Another argument cited in favour of the disputed succession theory is that the records of the subsequent Gupta kings omit Skandagupta's name from the royal genealogy, listing Purugupta's name after that of Kumaragupta. An example is the Bhitari seal of the 6th century king [[Kumaragupta III]]. However, this omission may be explained by the fact that these subsequent kings were descendants of Skandagupta's half-brother [[Purugupta]], and the genealogical lists in their records intend to list only their direct ancestors, rather than provide a comprehensive list of the earlier Gupta kings.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}

== Conflict with the Hunas ==
[[File:Kahaum pillar.jpg|thumb|The [[Kahaum pillar]] of Skandagupta (19th century photograph)]]
[[File:Kakandi.jpg|thumb|Relief of [[Jain]] [[tirthankara]] [[Parshvanatha]] on the [[Kahaum pillar]] erected and decorated under Skandagupta<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jain shrines|url=http://www.uptourism.gov.in/post/jain-shrines|access-date=17 September 2020|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Tourism]]}}</ref>]]
[[File:Kakandi Script.jpg|thumb|Skandagupta inscription on the [[Kahaum pillar]]]]
During Skandagupta's period, the [[Indo-Hephthalites]] (known as the White Huns or [[Huna people|Hunas]]) invaded India from the northwest, advancing as far as the [[Indus River]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=73}}

The Bhitari pillar inscription states that Skandagupta defeated the Hunas:{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=73}}

{{quote|(Skandagupta), "by whose two arms the earth was shaken, when he, the creator (of a disturbance like that) of a terrible whirlpool, joined in close conflict with the [[Huna people|Hûnas]]; . . . . . . among enemies . . . . . . arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . proclaimed . . . . . . . . . . . . just as if it were the roaring of (the river) [[Ganges|Ganga]], making itself noticed in (their) ears." | [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta]] Line 15}}

The date of the Huna invasion is not certain. The Bhitari inscription mentions it after describing the conflict with the Pushyamitras (or the ''Yudhyamitras''), which suggests that it happened later during Skandagupta's reign. However, a possible reference to this conflict in the Junagadh inscription suggests that it may have happened at the beginning of the Skandagupta's reign or during the reign of his father Kumaragupta. The Junagadh inscription, dated to the year 138 of the Gupta era (c. 457-458 CE) mentions Skandagupta's success against the [[mlechchha]]s (foreigners):{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|pp=73-74}}

{{quote|...whose [Skandagupta's] fame, moreover, even [his] enemies, in the countries of the mlechchhas... having their pride broken down to the very root, announce with the words "verily the victory has been achieved by him." | Junagadh inscription{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=73}} }}

The victory against the mlechchhas happened in or before the year 136 of the Gupta era ({{Circa|455}}-456 CE), when Skandagupta ascended the throne and when he appointed Parnadatta as the governor of the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region, in which Junagadh is located. Since Skandagupta is not known to have fought against any other foreigners, these mlechchhas were probably the Hunas. If this identification is correct, it is possible that as a prince, Skandagupta was sent to check the Huna invasion at the frontier, and Kumaragupta died in the capital while this conflict was happening; Skandagupta returned to the capital and overcame rebels or rival claimants to ascend the throne.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|pp=73-74}}

A sentence in the [[Sanskrit]] text ''Chandra-Vyakarana'' ({{Circa|7th century}}) states ''Ajayad-Gupto Hunan'', literally, "The Gupta conquered the Hunas". This may be a reference to Skandagupta's victory over the Hunas, although an alternative reading by scholar [[K. P. Jayaswal]] has "Jato" instead of "Gupto".{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=74}} A story in the ''[[Kathasaritsagara]]'' (11th century) states that the legendary king [[Vikramaditya]] ascended the throne after his father Mahendraditya abdicated it, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the mlechchhas. Since Mahendraditya was a title of Kumaragupta, and Vikramaditya that of Skandagupta, this may be a reference to Skandagupta's victory over the Hunas.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=75}}

== Western India ==

The [[Junagadh]] rock, which contains inscription of the earlier emperors, [[Major Rock Edicts|Ashoka]] and [[Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman|Rudradaman]], has an inscription engraved on the orders of Skandagupta's governor Parnadatta. The inscription states that Skandagupta appointed governors of all provinces, including Parnadatta as the governor of [[Saurashtra (region)|Surashtra]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=75}} It is not clear if the verse refers to routine appointments made by the king, or his actions after a political turmoil resulting from a war of succession or invasion.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=76}} The inscription outlines several qualifications required to be the governor of Surashtra, stating that only Parnadatta met these requirements. Again, it is not clear if these were actual qualifications required to be a governor under Skandagupta's rule, or if the verse simply aims to eulogise Parnadatta.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=75}}

Parnadatta appointed his son Chakrapalita as the magistrate of the Girinagara city (near modern Junagadh-[[Girnar]] area), which was presumably the capital of Surashtra. The Junagadh inscription records Chakdrapalita's repairs to the Sudarshana lake, an ancient reservoir originally constructed by [[Chandragupta Maurya]], and later improved by his grandson Ashoka. The dam was subsequently re-built by Rudradaman in c. 150, but burst in c. 456-457 (year 137 of the [[Gupta era]]). Chakrapalita is said to have spent an "immeasurable" amount of wealth to build an embankment, and is also credited with the construction of a [[Vishnu]] temple.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=76}}

An inscription of the [[Vakataka]] king Narendrasena claims that his commands were obeyed by the rulers of [[Dakshina Kosala|Kosala]], [[Maikal Hills|Mekala]] and [[Malwa|Malava]]. The regnal dates of Narendrasena are not certain, but he is generally thought to be a contemporary of Skandagupta. Since Malava was a part of the Gupta Empire at one time, it is possible that Narendrasena raided Gupta territories during Skandagupta's reign. Skandagupta would have restored Gupta control over the region soon after. A c. 460-461 inscription refers to the "tranquil reign of Skandagupta, the lord of hundred kings."{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=77}}

== Succession ==

The last known date of Skandagupta is c. 467-468 CE (year 148 of the [[Gupta era]]),{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=77}} and he probably ruled for a few more years.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=80}}

Skandagupta was most probably succeeded by [[Purugupta]], who appears to have been his half-brother. Purugupta was a son of Kumaragupta I from his chief queen, and therefore, must have been his legitimate successor. It is possible that he was a minor at the time of Kumaragupta I's death, because of which Skandagupta ascended the throne. Skandagupta appears to have died heirless, or his son may have been dethroned by Purugupta's family.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=81}}

==Coinage==
Compared to his predecessors, Skandagupta issued fewer gold coins, and some of these coins feature relatively [[debasement|less quantity of gold]]. It is possible that the various wars fought by him strained the state treasury, although this cannot be said with certainty.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}

Skandagupta issued five types of gold coins: Archer type, King and queen type, Chhatra type, Lion-slayer type and Horseman type.<ref>Sanjeev Kumar (2017). "Treasures of the Gupta Empire", Shivlee Trust, pp. 344-353.</ref> His silver coins are of four types: Garuda type, Bull type, Altar type and Madhyadesha type.{{sfn|Ashvini Agrawal|1989|pp=28-9, 31-2}} The initial gold coinage was on the old weight standard used by his father [[Kumaragupta]] of approximately 8.4 gm. This initial coinage is quite scarce. At some point in his reign, Skandagupta revalued his currency, switching from the old dinar standard to a new ''suvarna'' standard that weighed approximately 9.2 gm.<ref>A.S. Altekar (1957). "The Coinage of the Gupta Empire", Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University.</ref> These later coins were all only of the Archer type, and this standard and type was followed by all subsequent Gupta rulers.

<gallery mode="packed">
Gupta Kings. Skandagupta. AD 455-467.jpg | Coin of Skandagupta (455-467), in the style of the [[Western Satraps]].<ref>"Evidence of the conquest of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurastra]] during the reign of [[Chandragupta II]] is to be seen in his rare silver coins which are more directly imitated from those of the Western Satraps... they retain some traces of the old inscriptions in Greek characters, while on the reverse, they substitute the Gupta type ... for the [[chaitya]] with crescent and star." in Rapson "A catalogue of Indian coins in the British Museum. The Andhras etc.", p.cli</ref>
Skandagupta Kramaditya Circa 455-467 CE.jpg | Coin of Skandagupta Kramaditya with facing [[Garuda]].
File:Gold dinar of Skandagupta.jpg|Gold dinar of Skandagupta.
</gallery>

==In popular culture==
[[Jaishankar Prasad]], a renowned poet of modern [[Hindi literature]], wrote a play named ''Skandagupta'' in 1928, based on the life of [[Gupta Empire|Gupta emperor]] Skandagupta.<ref>{{cite web |title=स्कंदगुप्त (नाटक) : जयशंकर प्रसाद |url=https://www.hindikahani.hindi-kavita.com/Skandagupta-Jaishankar-Prasad1.php |website=www.hindikahani.hindi-kavita.com}}</ref> In the 1960s, [[Shanta Gandhi]], Professor of Ancient Indian Drama while at [[National School of Drama]], revived interest in Jaishankar Prasad's plays by successfully staging his most important play ''Skanda Gupta'' written in 1928, with little changes to the original script.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/article40398.ece|title=Re-discovering Dhruvaswamini|date=29 October 2009|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lal |first=Mohan |title=The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature – Volume 5 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year= 2006|pages=4119|isbn=81-260-1221-8}}</ref>

The news article [[Dainik Jagran]] claimed that the popular movie [[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]] was based on Skandagupta's life.<ref>{{cite web |title=स्कंदगुप्त की कहानी पर बनी है बाहुबली फिल्म |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ghazipur-bahubali-film-is-based-on-the-story-of-skandagupta-19688956.html |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Gupta Empire}}
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Ashvini Agrawal |title=Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRjC5IaJ2zcC&pg=PA315 |year=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0592-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=D. K. Ganguly |title=The Imperial Guptas and Their Times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hud2_Ie3T94C&pg=PP1 |year=1987 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-81-7017-222-2 }}
* {{cite book |author1=Hermann Kulke |author2=Dietmar Rothermund |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&pg=PA96 |year=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-32919-4 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Jagannath Agrawal |title=The status of Skandagupta's mother |journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |volume=48-49 |year=1968 |pages=325–327 |jstor=41694254 }}
* {{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2J0fAAAAIAAJ |year=1962 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan }}
* {{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3, Part I: A.D. 300-985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRBuAAAAMAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |oclc=34008529 }}
{{ref end}}

==Further reading==
* Singh, Jai Prakash (1976) ''History and Coinage of Skandagupta Kramāditya'', Varanasi:Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Banaras Hindu University.

==External links==
* [http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Bhitari-Skandagupta.pdf The Bhitari Pillar Inscription of Skandagupta]
* [http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Bihar-Skandagupta.pdf The Bihar Stone Pillar Inscription of Skandagupta]
* [http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Junagadh-Skandagupta.pdf The Junagadh Rock Inscription of Skandagupta]
* [http://coinindia.com/galleries-skandagupta.html Coinage of Skandagupta]

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kumaragupta I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Gupta Empire|Gupta Emperor]]|years=455–467 CE}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Purugupta]]}}
{{end}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:5th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Gupta emperors]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:467 deaths]]
[[Category:5th-century Hindus]]

Skandagupta - Revision history

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