Six point movement - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 09:19, 24 December 2022
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	{{Short description\|Movement in East Pakistan}}		{{Short description\|Movement in East Pakistan}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=January ~~2014~~}}		{{EngvarB\|date=January 2022}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2021}}
	[[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Announcing 6 Points At Lahore.jpg\|thumb\|Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announcing the six points in Lahore on 5 February 1966]]		[[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Announcing 6 Points At Lahore.jpg\|thumb\|Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announcing the six points in Lahore on 5 February 1966]]
	The '''six point movement''' was a movement in [[East Pakistan]], spearheaded by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], which called for greater autonomy for East Pakistan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Six-point_Programme\|title=Six-point Programme \|website=Banglapedia\|access-date=22 March ~~2016~~}}</ref> The movement's main agenda was to realize the six demands put forward by a coalition of Bengali nationalist political parties in 1966, to end the perceived exploitation of East Pakistan by the [[West Pakistan]]i rulers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news/six-points-and-june-7-1966\|title=Six Points and June 7, 1966\|date=7 June 2013\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January 2018\|language=en}}</ref> It is considered a milestone on the road to [[Bangladesh]]'s independence.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-237234\|title=Historic Six-Point Day today\|date=7 June 2012\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January 2018\|language=en}}</ref>		The '''six point movement''' was a movement in [[East Pakistan]], spearheaded by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], which called for greater autonomy for East Pakistan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Six-point_Programme\|title=Six-point Programme \|website=Banglapedia\|access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> The movement's main agenda was to realize the six demands put forward by a coalition of Bengali nationalist political parties in 1966, to end the perceived exploitation of East Pakistan by the [[West Pakistan]]i rulers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news/six-points-and-june-7-1966\|title=Six Points and June 7, 1966\|date=7 June 2013\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January 2018\|language=en}}</ref> It is considered a milestone on the road to [[Bangladesh]]'s independence.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-237234\|title=Historic Six-Point Day today\|date=7 June 2012\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January 2018\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Background==		==Background==
	Opposition leaders in East Pakistan called for a national conference on 6 February 1966, to assess the trend of post-[[Tashkent Declaration\|Tashkent]] politics. On 4 February, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], along with some members of the [[Awami League]], reached [[Lahore]] to attend the conference. The next day on 5 February, he placed the Six Points before the subject committee and urged to include the issue in the agenda of next day's conference. The proposal was rejected and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was identified as a separatist. On 6 February, Mujib boycotted the conference. On 21 February, the Six Points proposal was placed before the meeting of the working committee of the Awami League and the proposal was accepted unanimously.		Opposition leaders in East Pakistan called for a national conference on 6 February 1966, to assess the trend of post-[[Tashkent Declaration\|Tashkent]] politics. On 4 February, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], along with some members of the [[Awami League]], reached [[Lahore]] to attend the conference. The next day on 5 February, he placed the Six Points before the subject committee and urged to include the issue in the agenda of next day's conference. The proposal was rejected and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was identified as a separatist. On 6 February, Mujib boycotted the conference. On 21 February, the Six Points proposal was placed before the meeting of the working committee of the Awami League and the proposal was accepted unanimously.

	The reason for proposing the Six Points was to give the East greater autonomy in Pakistan. Following the [[partition of India]], the new state of Pakistan came into being. The inhabitants of East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) made up the majority of its population, and exports from East Pakistan (such as [[jute]]) were a majority of Pakistan's export income. However, East Pakistanis did not feel they had a proportional share of political power and economic benefits within Pakistan. A statistical overview of [[economic discrimination]] is shown in this table:<ref name=":2">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40021\|title=The historic six-point movement and its impact on the struggle for independence\|date=7 June 2008\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January 2018\|language=en}}</ref>		The reason for proposing the Six Points was to give the East greater autonomy in Pakistan. Following the [[partition of India]], the new state of Pakistan came into being. The inhabitants of East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) made up the majority of its population, and exports from East Pakistan (such as [[jute]]) were a majority of Pakistan's export income. However, East Pakistanis did not feel they had a proportional share of political power and economic benefits within Pakistan. A statistical overview of [[economic discrimination\|economic disc]]

	{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; width:460px;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; width:460px;"
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	\|}		\|}

	East Pakistan was facing a critical situation after being subjected to continuous discrimination on a regional basis, year after year. As a result, the economists, intelligentsia, and the politicians of East Pakistan started to raise questions about this discrimination, giving rise to the historic six-point movement.<ref name=":2" />		East Pakistan was facing a critical situation after being subjected to continuous discrimination on a regional basis, year after year. As a result, the economists, intelligentsia, and the politicians of East Pakistan started to raise questions about this discrimination, giving rise to the historic six-point movement.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news \|date=7 June 2008 \|title=The historic six-point movement and its impact on the struggle for independence \|language=en \|work=The Daily Star \|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40021 \|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>

	==Draft of six-points==		==Draft of six-points==
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	The six points are noted as being:<ref name=":1" />		The six points are noted as being:<ref name=":1" />

	#The Constitution should provide for a Federation of Pakistan in its true sense based on the [[Lahore Resolution]], and the parliamentary form of government with supremacy of a Legislature directly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise.<ref name=":0" />		#The Constitution should provide for a [[Pakistan\|Federation of Pakistan]] in its true sense based on the [[Lahore Resolution]], and the parliamentary form of government with supremacy of a Legislature directly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise.<ref name=":0" />
	#The federal government should deal with only two subjects: Defence and Foreign Affairs, and all other residual subjects should be vested in the federating states.<ref name=":0" />		#The federal government should deal with only two subjects: Defence and Foreign Affairs, and all other residual subjects should be vested in the federating states.<ref name=":0" />
	#Two separate, but freely convertible currencies for the two wings should be introduced; or if this is not feasible, there should be one currency for the whole country, but effective constitutional provisions should be introduced to stop the flight of capital from East to West Pakistan. Furthermore, a separate ~~Banking Reserve~~ should be established and separate fiscal and monetary policy be adopted for East Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />		#Two separate, but freely convertible currencies for the two wings should be introduced; or if this is not feasible, there should be one currency for the whole country, but effective constitutional provisions should be introduced to stop the flight of capital from East to West Pakistan. Furthermore, a separate [[reserve bank]] should be established and separate fiscal and monetary policy be adopted for East Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />
	#The power of taxation and revenue collection should be vested in the federating units and the federal centre would have no such power. The federation would be entitled to a share in the state taxes to meet its expenditures.<ref name=":0" />		#The power of taxation and revenue collection should be vested in the federating units and the federal centre would have no such power. The federation would be entitled to a share in the state taxes to meet its expenditures.<ref name=":0" />
	#There should be two separate accounts for the foreign exchange earnings of the two wings; the foreign exchange requirements of the federal government should be met by the two wings equally or in a ratio to be fixed; indigenous products should move free of duty between the two wings, and the constitution should empower the units to establish trade links with foreign countries.<ref name=":0" />		#There should be two separate accounts for the foreign exchange earnings of the two wings; the foreign exchange requirements of the federal government should be met by the two wings equally or in a ratio to be fixed; indigenous products should move free of duty between the two wings, and the constitution should empower the units to establish trade links with foreign countries.<ref name=":0" />
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	== Reception ==		== Reception ==
	The proposal was rejected by politicians from West Pakistan and non Awami League politicians from East Pakistan. It was rejected by the president of the All Pakistan Awami League, [[Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan\|Nawabzada Nasarullah Khan]]. It was also rejected by the [[National Awami Party]], [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan\|Jamaat-i-Islami]], and [[Nizam-e-Islam Party\|Nizam-i-Islam]].<ref name=":2" /> The movement had the support of the population of East Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/06/12/d60612020626.htm\|title=Revisiting the significance of the historic Six-Point Movement\|last=Manik\|first=M Waheeduzzaman\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January ~~2018~~}}</ref>		The proposal was rejected by politicians from West Pakistan and non Awami League politicians from East Pakistan. It was rejected by the president of the All Pakistan Awami League, [[Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan\|Nawabzada Nasarullah Khan]]. It was also rejected by the [[National Awami Party]], [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan\|Jamaat-i-Islami]], and [[Nizam-e-Islam Party\|Nizam-i-Islam]].<ref name=":2" /> The movement had the support of the population of East Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/06/12/d60612020626.htm\|title=Revisiting the significance of the historic Six-Point Movement\|last=Manik\|first=M Waheeduzzaman\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
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	[[Category:History of East Pakistan]]		[[Category:History of East Pakistan]]
	[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]		[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
			[[Category:1966 in East Pakistan]]
	[[Category:1966 in Pakistan]]		[[Category:1966 in Pakistan]]

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2022-06-06T15:04:47Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:34, 6 June 2022
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			{{Short description\|Movement in East Pakistan}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=January 2014}}		{{EngvarB\|date=January 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2021}}
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	==Background==		==Background==
	Opposition leaders in ~~West~~ Pakistan called for a national conference on 6 February 1966, to assess the trend of post-[[Tashkent Declaration\|Tashkent]] politics. On 4 February, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], along with some members of the [[Awami League]], reached [[Lahore]] to attend the conference. The next day on 5 February, he placed the Six Points before the subject committee and urged to include the issue in the agenda of next day's conference. The proposal was rejected and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was identified as a separatist. On 6 February, Mujib boycotted the conference. On 21 February, the Six Points proposal was placed before the meeting of the working committee of the Awami League and the proposal was accepted unanimously.		Opposition leaders in East Pakistan called for a national conference on 6 February 1966, to assess the trend of post-[[Tashkent Declaration\|Tashkent]] politics. On 4 February, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], along with some members of the [[Awami League]], reached [[Lahore]] to attend the conference. The next day on 5 February, he placed the Six Points before the subject committee and urged to include the issue in the agenda of next day's conference. The proposal was rejected and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was identified as a separatist. On 6 February, Mujib boycotted the conference. On 21 February, the Six Points proposal was placed before the meeting of the working committee of the Awami League and the proposal was accepted unanimously.

	The reason for proposing the Six Points was to give the East greater autonomy in Pakistan. Following the [[partition of India]], the new state of Pakistan came into being. The inhabitants of East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) made up the majority of its population, and exports from East Pakistan (such as [[jute]]) were a majority of Pakistan's export income. However, East Pakistanis did not feel they had a proportional share of political power and economic benefits within Pakistan. A statistical overview of [[economic discrimination]] is shown in this table:<ref name=":2">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40021\|title=The historic six-point movement and its impact on the struggle for independence\|date=7 June 2008\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January 2018\|language=en}}</ref>		The reason for proposing the Six Points was to give the East greater autonomy in Pakistan. Following the [[partition of India]], the new state of Pakistan came into being. The inhabitants of East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) made up the majority of its population, and exports from East Pakistan (such as [[jute]]) were a majority of Pakistan's export income. However, East Pakistanis did not feel they had a proportional share of political power and economic benefits within Pakistan. A statistical overview of [[economic discrimination]] is shown in this table:<ref name=":2">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40021\|title=The historic six-point movement and its impact on the struggle for independence\|date=7 June 2008\|work=The Daily Star\|access-date=16 January 2018\|language=en}}</ref>
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	{{Sheikh Mujibur Rahman}}		{{Sheikh Mujibur Rahman}}

	~~[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]~~
	[[Category:Causes and prelude of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]		[[Category:Causes and prelude of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
	[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League]]		[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League]]
	[[Category:East Pakistan]]		[[Category:History of East Pakistan]]
	[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]		[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
	[[Category:1966 in Pakistan]]		[[Category:1966 in Pakistan]]

->Worldbruce: clean up, date formats per MOS:DATEFORMAT by script, typo(s) fixed: February 6, 1966 → 6 February 1966,

2021-12-27T02:53:25Z

clean up, date formats per MOS:DATEFORMAT by script, typo(s) fixed: February 6, 1966 → 6 February 1966,

New page

{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
[[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Announcing 6 Points At Lahore.jpg|thumb|Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announcing the six points in Lahore on 5 February 1966]]
The '''six point movement''' was a movement in [[East Pakistan]], spearheaded by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], which called for greater autonomy for East Pakistan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Six-point_Programme|title=Six-point Programme |website=Banglapedia|access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> The movement's main agenda was to realize the six demands put forward by a coalition of Bengali nationalist political parties in 1966, to end the perceived exploitation of East Pakistan by the [[West Pakistan]]i rulers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news/six-points-and-june-7-1966|title=Six Points and June 7, 1966|date=7 June 2013|work=The Daily Star|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en}}</ref> It is considered a milestone on the road to [[Bangladesh]]'s independence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-237234|title=Historic Six-Point Day today|date=7 June 2012|work=The Daily Star|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
Opposition leaders in West Pakistan called for a national conference on 6 February 1966, to assess the trend of post-[[Tashkent Declaration|Tashkent]] politics. On 4 February, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], along with some members of the [[Awami League]], reached [[Lahore]] to attend the conference. The next day on 5 February, he placed the Six Points before the subject committee and urged to include the issue in the agenda of next day's conference. The proposal was rejected and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was identified as a separatist. On 6 February, Mujib boycotted the conference. On 21 February, the Six Points proposal was placed before the meeting of the working committee of the Awami League and the proposal was accepted unanimously.

The reason for proposing the Six Points was to give the East greater autonomy in Pakistan. Following the [[partition of India]], the new state of Pakistan came into being. The inhabitants of East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) made up the majority of its population, and exports from East Pakistan (such as [[jute]]) were a majority of Pakistan's export income. However, East Pakistanis did not feel they had a proportional share of political power and economic benefits within Pakistan. A statistical overview of [[economic discrimination]] is shown in this table:<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40021|title=The historic six-point movement and its impact on the struggle for independence|date=7 June 2008|work=The Daily Star|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; width:460px;"
!width=16%| Year
!width=28%| Spending on West Pakistan (in [[crore]] [[Pakistani rupee|rupees]])
!width=28%| Amount spent on West as percentage of total
!width=28%| Spending on East Pakistan (in crore rupees)
!width=28%| Amount spent on East as percentage of total
|-
|align="center"| '''% of total population''' || ||align="right"| '''36.23''' || ||align="right"| '''63.77'''
|-
|align="center"| 1950-55 ||align="right"| 1,129 || align="right"| 68.31 ||align="right"| 524 ||align="right"| 31.69
|-
|align="center"| 1955-60 ||align="right"| 1,655 || align="right"| 75.95 ||align="right"| 524 ||align="right"| 24.05
|-
|align="center"| 1960-65 ||align="right"| 3,355 || align="right"| 70.5 ||align="right"| 1,404 ||align="right"| 29.5
|-
|align="center"| 1965-70 ||align="right"| 5,195 || align="right"| 70.82 ||align="right"| 2,141 ||align="right"| 29.18
|-
|align="center"| '''Total''' ||align="right"| '''11,334''' || align="right"| '''71.16''' ||align="right"| '''4,593''' ||align="right"| '''28.84'''
|-
|colspan=5|<small>''Source: Reports of the Advisory Panels for the Fourth Five Year Plan 1970-75, Vol. I, published by the planning commission of Pakistan (quick reference: crore = 10<sup>7</sup>, or 10 million)''</small>
|}

East Pakistan was facing a critical situation after being subjected to continuous discrimination on a regional basis, year after year. As a result, the economists, intelligentsia, and the politicians of East Pakistan started to raise questions about this discrimination, giving rise to the historic six-point movement.<ref name=":2" />

==Draft of six-points==
[[Rehman Sobhan]], [[Nurul Islam (economist)|Nurul Islam]], [[Khairul Kabir (Banker)|Khairul Kabir]], and other prominent intellectuals drafted the six-point demand.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sobhan |first1=Rehman |title=Untranquil Recollections: The Years of Fulfilment |date=2016 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=978-93-5150-320-0 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qeMCwAAQBAJ&q=the+year+of+fulfillment+rehman+sobhan |access-date=22 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==The six points==
[[File:Mujibur Rahman returning from Lahore 1966.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] returning from Lahore with [[Tofazzal Hossain Manik Miah]] after declaring Six Points]]
The six points are noted as being:<ref name=":1" />

#The Constitution should provide for a Federation of Pakistan in its true sense based on the [[Lahore Resolution]], and the parliamentary form of government with supremacy of a Legislature directly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise.<ref name=":0" />
#The federal government should deal with only two subjects: Defence and Foreign Affairs, and all other residual subjects should be vested in the federating states.<ref name=":0" />
#Two separate, but freely convertible currencies for the two wings should be introduced; or if this is not feasible, there should be one currency for the whole country, but effective constitutional provisions should be introduced to stop the flight of capital from East to West Pakistan. Furthermore, a separate Banking Reserve should be established and separate fiscal and monetary policy be adopted for East Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />
#The power of taxation and revenue collection should be vested in the federating units and the federal centre would have no such power. The federation would be entitled to a share in the state taxes to meet its expenditures.<ref name=":0" />
#There should be two separate accounts for the foreign exchange earnings of the two wings; the foreign exchange requirements of the federal government should be met by the two wings equally or in a ratio to be fixed; indigenous products should move free of duty between the two wings, and the constitution should empower the units to establish trade links with foreign countries.<ref name=":0" />
#East Pakistan should have a separate military or paramilitary force, and Navy headquarters should be in East Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />

== Reception ==
The proposal was rejected by politicians from West Pakistan and non Awami League politicians from East Pakistan. It was rejected by the president of the All Pakistan Awami League, [[Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan|Nawabzada Nasarullah Khan]]. It was also rejected by the [[National Awami Party]], [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-i-Islami]], and [[Nizam-e-Islam Party|Nizam-i-Islam]].<ref name=":2" /> The movement had the support of the population of East Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/06/12/d60612020626.htm|title=Revisiting the significance of the historic Six-Point Movement|last=Manik|first=M Waheeduzzaman|work=The Daily Star|access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bengali language movement]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{History of Bangladesh}}
{{Bangladesh liberation}}
{{Sheikh Mujibur Rahman}}

[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Causes and prelude of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League]]
[[Category:East Pakistan]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
[[Category:1966 in Pakistan]]