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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Uchinathar Temple
| image = Thirunelvayil (14).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|11|22|22.4|N|79|42|48.3|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]]
| location = Sivapuri [[Chidambaram]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Uchinathar ([[Shiva]]) and Uchinayagi ([[Parvati]])
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian Architecture|South Indian Architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

''' Sivapuri Uchinathar Temple''' (also called '''Thirunelvayil''') is a [[Hindu temple]] located at [[Sivapuri]] in [[Cuddalore district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The place is also known as Thirunelvayil. The presiding deity is [[Shiva]]. He is called as Uchinathar. His consort is known as Uchinayagi.

The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanmars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''. The temple complex covers an area of one acre and all its shrines are enclosed with concentric rectangular walls. The temple has a number of shrines, with those of Uchinathar and his consort Uchinayagi being the most prominent.

The temple has three daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar. Vaikasi Visagam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Vaikasi'' (May - June) is the most prominent festival celebrated in the temple.

==Legend==
[[File:Thirunelvayil (8).jpg |200px|thumb|Sculpted image of Nataraja|left]]
As per Hindu legend, the god [[Shiva]] and his consort [[Parvati]] appeared to the sage [[Agastya]] at this place (the same legend is attributed to several Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu). The place is called Thirunelvayil as it is believed that it was surrounded by fresh rice fields during the time (''nel'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] indicates paddy grain). As per another legend, saint poet [[Sambandar]], who was born in [[Sirkali]], was fed by Parvati with divine milk. The child grew up and visited various temples and sung praised of god. At the age of twelve, his marriage was arranged to be held at Achalpuram. The marriage party visited the place on the way to Achalpuram. The party was hungry and on account of divine intervention, food was offered. Sambandar started praising Shiva as Uchinathar (Madhyaneeswarar in [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]).<ref name=R/> ''[[Periyapuranam]]'', the 11th century compilation of the [[Nayanmar]]s has details about Sambandar visiting the place after coming via [[Thillai Nataraja Temple]] and [[Tiruvetkalam Pasupatheswarar Temple|Thiruvetkalam]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BsDtDwAAQBAJ&dq=thiruvetkalam&pg=PT152|page=152|title=Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam|last=S.|first=Ponnuswamy|year=2015|isbn=9788179506851|publisher=Giri Trading Agency Private Limited}}</ref>

==Architecture==
Uchinathar temple is located in Sivapuri, a place {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Chidambaram]]. The temple has a three tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'' on the eastern side with concentric rectangular walls surrounding the temple. The sanctum is approached through a pillared hall called ''mukha mandapa'' and an artha mandapa. The shrine of the Ambal is located in the mukhamandapa facing south. The presiding deity in the form of [[lingam]] (an iconic form of Shiva) is located in the sanctum. It is believed that the image is self manifested. There is a panel on the wall behind the image that depicts the marriage of Shiva and Parvathi. There is a circumabulatory passage around the shrines. The pillars in the hall leading to the sanctum has sculpted images depicting various Hindu legends.<ref name=R/> The temple tank called Kripasamudram is located opposite to the temple.<ref name=dinamalar/> The temple was in dilapidated condition during the early part of 20th century and was rebuilt.<ref name=Ayyar>{{cite book|title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated|page=244|last=Ayyar|first=P. V. Jagadisa|publisher=Asian Educational Service|year=1993|isbn=81-206-0151-3|edition=2nd|location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==Religious importance and festivals==
[[File:Thirunelvayil (5).jpg |250px|thumb|Pillared hall]]
[[Sambandar]], an 8th-century Tamil ''Saivite'' saint poet, venerated Uchinathar in ten verses in ''[[Tevaram]]'', compiled as the ''[[Tirumurai|First Tirumurai]]''. As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 276 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon. The temple is counted as the third in the series of the temples on the northern bank of river [[Cauvery]].<ref name=R/>

The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed three times a day; ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 a.m. and ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Uchinathar and Uchinayagi.<ref name=R/> There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'', and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. Vaikasi Visagam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Vaikasi'' (May - June) is the most important festival of the temple. Navratri during Purattasi and Karthikai {{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}} are other festivals celebrated in the temple.<ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Uchinathar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=846|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|year=2014|access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref><ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=336–7}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Thirunelvayil}}
* {{cite web|title= Sri Uchinathar temple
|url= https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=846|publisher =[[Dinamalar]]}}
* {{cite web|title= Uchinatheswarar Temple, Tirunelvoyal
|url= http://www.shivatemples.com/nofc/nc03.php |publisher=Shiva Temples of Tamilnadu, Paadal Petra Sivasthalangal}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

Sivapuri Uchinathar Temple - Revision history

Gurupratap Rajan: creating a location...