https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Sivaganga_estateSivaganga estate - Revision history2026-08-19T09:18:48ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sivaganga_estate&diff=265929&oldid=prev->Shark2433086 at 18:50, 22 December 20212021-12-22T18:50:58Z<p></p>
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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox country<br />
|native_name = <br />
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of the Lesser Marava<br />
|common_name = Sivaganga estate<br />
|status = Zamindari estate<br />
|status_text = Independent kingdom till 1773. <br>Permanently settled ''zamindari'' from 1803.<br />
|government_type = [[Monarchy]] until 1773, zamindari from 1803<br />
|event_start = <br />
|year_start = 1725<br />
|date_start = <br />
|event_end = <br />
|year_end = 1947<br />
|date_end = <br />
|image_map = <br />
|image_map_caption = <br />
|capital = [[Sivaganga]]<br />
|national_anthem = <br />
|common_languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]]<br />
|religion = [[Hinduism|Hindu]]<br />
|title_leader = [[zamindar]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''estate of Sivaganga''' ({{lang-ta|சிவகங்கை ஜமீன்}}), as per British records also known as '''Kingdom of the Lesser Marava''', was a permanently settled ''[[zamindari]]'' estate in the Ramnad sub-division of [[Madura District (Madras Presidency)|Madura district]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]. Along the [[Ramnad estate|estate of Ramnad]], it formed one of the two ''zamindari'' estates of Ramnad subdivision.<br />
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The Sivaganga estate was ruled by a branch of the [[Maravar|Marava]] royal family of [[Ramnad]]. The kingdom was reduced to a ''zamindari'' by the British in 1803. The ''zamindari'' was abolished through socialist reform on [[India's independence]].<br />
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== Location ==<br />
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The estate of Sivaganga was located in the Ramnad subdivision of Madura district, Madras Presidency. It was situated between 9 degree 30' and 10 degree 17' N latitude and 78 degree 5' and 78 degree 58' E longitude. The ''zamindari'' covered an area of {{convert|1680|sqmi|km2}}. It was bound by [[Pudukkottai state]] on the north, Madura district on the west, [[Tinnevely District (Madras Presidency)|Tinnevely district]] on the south and Ramnad estate on the east. The estate paid an annual tribute of Rs. 3 lakh.<br />
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== Demographics ==<br />
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As per the 1901 census, the estate had a total population of 394,206.<br />
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== Divisions ==<br />
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The Sivaganga estate was sub-divided into Sivaganga, Tirupattur and Tirubuvanam [[tehsils]]. The headquarters of the ''zamindari'' was the town of [[Sivagangai]].<br />
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== History ==<br />
[[File:Sivagangai Palace with Velunachiyar Statue.jpg|thumb|Sivagangai Palace with a statue of Queen [[Velu Nachiyar]].]]<br />
The Pudukkottai and Sivaganga regions were actually parts of the [[Ramnad estate|kingdom of Ramnad]] when it became independent in the 1680s. In 1725, Ramnad was invaded by the ''polygar'' of Nalkottai who captured two-fifths of the kingdom including the territory of Sivaganga. Since then, occasionally, Ramnad was referred to as the kingdom of the Greater Marava and Sivaganga, the kingdom of the Lesser Marava. <br />
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In 1773, the British conquered Sivaganga and killed Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar, the king of Sivaganga. His widow, queen [[Velu Nachiyar]], fled to [[Dindigul]] and lived under the protection of [[Hyder Ali]]. During her exile, she formed an armed force and alliance with Hyder Ali. In 1780, she became the first queen in India to fight against the British colonial power. Accompanied by [[Maruthu Pandiyar|Maruthu brothers]] she recaptured Sivaganga and made her daughter her heir. According to [[East India Company]] documents, the queen died under somewhat suspicious circumstances.<ref>{{cite news|title=Memorial planned for Velu Nachiyar|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/memorial-planned-for-velu-nachiyar/article4059116.ece|work=The Hindu|date=3 November 2012}}</ref><br />
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In 1803, the British restored the rightful heir Udayathevan to the throne. The kingdom was subsequently reduced to a ''zamindari'' by the permanent settlement of Lord Wellesley. The estate was ruled by the descendants of Udayathevan till India's independence when the ''zamindari'' was abolished.<br />
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== Monarchs ==<br />
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* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Sasivarna Periyavudaya Thevar]] (1730–1750)<br />
* [[Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar]] (1750–1772)<br />
* [[Velu Nachiyar]] (1780–1790)<br />
* [[Vellacci]] (1790–1793)<br />
* [[Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar]] (1793–1801)<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|year=1908}}<br />
{{Princely states of the Madras States Agency}}<br />
{{Nobility of the Raj}}<br />
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{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}<br />
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[[Category:States and territories established in 1725]]<br />
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1947]]<br />
[[Category:Historical Indian regions]]<br />
[[Category:Zamindari estates]]<br />
[[Category:Madurai Nayak dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:Madras Presidency]]<br />
[[Category:Sivaganga district]]<br />
[[Category:1947 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:1725 establishments in India]]</div>->Shark2433086