122.177.81.47: /* Biography */

2021-06-26T18:38:15Z

Biography

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{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
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{{Infobox person
| name = Sita Devi
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|05|12}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|02|15|1917|05|12}}
| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| father = [[Rao Venkata Kumara Mahipati Surya Rau]]
}}
[[Maharani]] '''Sita Devi Sahib''' of [[Baroda]], born to [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] family on 12 May 1917 in [[Madras]], [[India]], died 15 February 1989 in Paris, France.<ref>Acte de décès, Mairie de Paris, Registre 531, Numéro d'acte: 423</ref> She was known as the "Indian [[Wallis Simpson]]".<ref name="autogenerated3">[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060813/society.htm#2 Tribune India 13 August 2006],</ref> She was a colourful lady who led an extravagant life for over 40 years<ref name="autogenerated3" /> and was a member of the international [[jet set]].

== Biography ==
Sita Devi was the daughter of the [[Maharaja]] of [[Pithapuram Estate|Pithapuram]] – Sri Raja [[Rao Venkata Kumara Mahipati Surya Rau]] Bahadur Garu and his wife Sri Rani Chinnamamba Devi of Kapileswarapuram, [[Nuzvid]] Zamindari.

Sita Devi first married [[Meka Rangaiah Appa Rao]] Bahadur, Zamindar of [[Vuyyuru]].<ref name=autogenerated3 />
By him she had one child, a son Rajah M. Viduth Kumar Apparao.{{cn|date=June 2020}} She was very social and was also a very close friend of [[Princess Niloufer]] the daughter-in-law of the 7th [[Nizam]] of Hyderabad.<ref name="social friend">{{cite news |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/princess-niloufer-hyderabad-1100759/}}</ref>

She met her second husband, [[Pratap Singh Gaekwar]] of Baroda, at the [[Chennai|Madras]] horse races in 1943.<ref name=autogenerated3 /> The Gaekwad was, at that time, considered the eighth richest man in the world. It was also reported he was the second richest Indian prince. The Gaekwad was mesmerised by Sita Devi. The lovers consulted with his legal team. The lawyers recommended that the Hindu Sita Devi convert to [[Mohammedanism]].<ref name=autogenerated3 /> That would dissolve her marriage to the Zamindar under Indian law. She embraced [[Islam]]. The Gaekwad took her as his second wife in 1943, which caused consternation with the British authorities, as this violated the [[bigamy|antibigamy laws]] that the previous Gaekwad of Baroda enacted. The British Viceroy in New Delhi summoned the Gaekwad to contest this marriage. The latter argued that the law applied to the subjects of Baroda, and that he being their monarch was exempt from this law. This was confirmed by the Viceroy's legal advisers. The British government accepted the marriage, but didn't refer to the Maharani as "Her Highness" as was the protocol for the consorts of rulers of [[princely state]]s.<ref name=autogenerated3 />

In 1946, the Gaekwad took his second wife on a tour of Europe. The reason for their visit was to find a suitable residence away from India.<ref name=autogenerated3 /> They found that the independent principality of [[Monaco]] was a suitable place to set up their second home. They bought a mansion in [[Monte Carlo]] and the Maharani took up permanent residence there.<ref name=autogenerated3 /> The Gaekwad visited often, bringing some of the great treasures of Baroda to Monaco. The Maharani became the custodian of these treasures.<ref name=autogenerated4>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020818/spectrum/heritage.htm Tribune India 18 August 2002]</ref>

The couple also made two trips to the United States after the war. They went on a spending spree, buying all types of luxurious items. It was widely reported they spent $10 million on one of those trips. Indian officials audited the principality's finances. They concluded the Gaekwad had taken several large interest-free loans from the Baroda treasury. They demanded that these be returned. The prince complied by making several payments from his $8 million-a-year income.<ref name=autogenerated3 />

The princely couple transferred a copious amount from the Baroda treasury, including some of its most famous jewellery, including four celebrated pearl carpets,<ref name=autogenerated4 /> a famed seven-strand necklace of priceless pearls (called the Baroda pearls), a three-strand diamond necklace with the famous Pink Brazilian [[Star of the South]] {{convert|128.80|carat|g|adj=on}} diamond and the [[English Dresden]] {{convert|78.53|carat|g|adj=on}} diamond. The princely couple also had custody of the [[Empress Eugénie (diamond)|Empress Eugenie]] diamond. When Baroda was integrated into the newly independent [[India]], Indian officials were eventually able to recover some of the items, but some of the jewels had been transferred to the Maharani's ownership.

In 1965, she purchased a painting in Paris from [[Daniel Wildenstein]], believing it to be ''La Poésie'' by [[François Boucher]]. When it was discovered to be a fake, she sued Wildenstein in an English court despite both her and him residing in France. The case, ''[[Maharanee of Baroda v Wildenstein]]'', established an important rule regarding the presence of a defendant in [[conflict of laws]].

Years after the Maharani's death some of the precious items were discovered. In 1994 the pearl carpet was found in a [[Swiss bank|Geneva vault]].<ref name=autogenerated4 /> It was sold to an Arab prince for $31 million.<ref name=autogenerated3 /> Currently this carpet is displayed at the [[Museum of Islamic Art, Doha]], in Qatar, even though it was commissioned by an Indian Hindu Maharaja and not by an Islamic ruler. The Star of the South and other gems were located with jewellers in Amsterdam.<ref name=autogenerated3 />

After Maharani's death a part of her inheritance was transferred to her niece (daughter of Rani Manjula Devi of the Sidli family) Anangarekha Devi who currently lives in Assam with her family.

Eventually, India, due to the discrepancies and possible fraud, deposed the Gaekwad in 1951 and his eldest son by his first wife succeeded him. Technically, the couple were not heads of state any longer, but they insisted on still being referred to by their former titles.<ref name=autogenerated2>''The Maharajahs''; by John Lord 1971 Random House {{ISBN|0-394-46145-2}}</ref>

She gave the Gaekwad one son, born in 1945, his name was Sayaji Rao [[Gaekwad]] (8 March 1945 – 8 May 1985). Nicknamed "Princie",<ref>The [[Princie Diamond]] was so named in his honor</ref> he was the apple of her eye. She attended some of the most exclusive events on the globe<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838691,00.html Time Magazine Sept 13, 1968]</ref> and partied with other international luminaries, e.g. [[Aristotle Onassis]].<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839901-2,00.html Time Magazine 21 March 1969]</ref>

In 1953 the Maharani sold a pair of bejewelled anklets to [[Harry Winston]]. They had several large emeralds and diamonds. The jeweller set these stones into a spectacular necklace that was bought by the [[Wallis Simpson|Duchess of Windsor Wallace Simpson]]. The Duchess wore this to a 1957 New York ball also attended by Sita Devi. When other guests were admiring the necklace. The Maharani was heard to exclaim that those jewels looked just as nice on her feet. The embarrassed Duchess returned the necklace to Winston.<ref name=autogenerated5>[http://www.internetstones.com/claire-roy-chalk-emerald-ring.html Internetstones.com]</ref> The Maharani was a car enthusiast and was reportedly very fond of her Mercedes W126, which was custom made for her by Mercedes-Benz. At the 1969 [[Ascot Gold Cup]] she invited guests to touch the {{convert|30|carat|g|adj=on}} sapphire on her right hand for good luck.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> ''[[Esquire Magazine]]'' included Sita Devi and Princie on its list of "fun couples" for 1969.<ref name=autogenerated2 />

Sita Devi divorced the Gaekwad in 1956. He promptly moved to London.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,824154,00.html Time Magazine 26 March 1956]</ref>

Even after the dissolution of her second marriage, she clung to her exalted title. Her Rolls-Royce still sported the armorial insignia of Baroda. She would reminisce about the days when she was referred to as royalty and received 101-gun salutes. [[Prince Rainier]] awarded citizenship of [[Monaco]] to both Sita Devi and Princie.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912731-3,00.html] Time Magazine 20 January 1975</ref> She maintained a Paris apartment as well. She continued to live in grand style, drinking Baron de Rothschild's Bordeaux, rearranging her Louis XVI furniture and attending exclusive parties. When travelling she brought along a large wardrobe, reported to be a thousand saris, hundreds of pairs of shoes and of course her jewellery.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> But her finances were eventually reduced enough for her to secretly auction some of her beloved jewels in 1974.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

The Maharani suffered a tragedy in 1985, when Princie committed suicide one night when after his 40th birthday. His death was attributed to alcoholism and drug addiction.<ref name=autogenerated5 /> Sita Devi died four years later of natural causes. Some speculated it was due to a broken heart.

==Titles==
*1917–1935 : [[Maharajkumari]] Sita Devi of [[Pithapuram]]
*1935–1943 : [[Her Highness]] [[Queen regnant|Rani]] Sita Devi, [[Queen regnant|Rani]] of Vuyyur
*1943–1989 : [[Her Highness]] [[Maharani]] Sita Devi Sahib [[Gaekwad]], [[Maharani]] of [[Baroda]]

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.antique-jewelry-investor.com/baroda-pearls.html Baroda Pearl & Sita Devi]
*[http://www.karipearls.com/baroda.html Baroda Pearl]
*[http://www.christies.com/presscenter/pdf/04112007/105315.pdf Baroda Pearl Auction]
*[http://famousdiamonds.tripod.com/starofthesouthdiamond.html The Star of the South]
*[http://www.internetstones.com/pearl-carpet-of-baroda-rectangular-shaped-deer-hyde-silk-glass-beads-pearls.html The Pearl Carpet of Baroda]
*[http://www.rugrag.com/post/Detail-Images-of-Pearl-Carpet-of-Baroda-Rare-Carpet-to-be-Auctioned.aspx Images of Pearl Carpet of Baroda]
*[http://www.diamonddivas.be/index.php?id=65 Moon of Baroda on Diamond Divas]

[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Baroda State]]
[[Category:History of Vadodara]]
[[Category:Indian socialites]]
[[Category:Indian princesses]]
[[Category:People from East Godavari district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]

Sita Devi (Maharani of Baroda) - Revision history

122.177.81.47: /* Biography */