Sister - Revision history

Sergdxx at 07:49, 29 December 2025

2025-12-29T07:49:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:19, 29 December 2025
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	{{Short description\|Female sibling}}{{About\|\|other uses\|Sister (disambiguation)\|and\|Sisters (disambiguation)}}		{{Short description\|Female sibling}}{{About\|\|other uses\|Sister (disambiguation)\|and\|Sisters (disambiguation)}}
	[[File:~~Jaclyn Nesheiwat with sister~~.jpg\|thumb\|right\|~~Biological~~ sisters ~~who share many~~ [[~~heredity~~\|~~phenotypic~~]] ~~facial features~~]]		[[File:Little Julia tending the baby at home.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Two child sisters, the elder tending to the younger {{Circa\|1911}}.]]
	A '''sister''' is a woman or a [[girl]] who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female [[sibling]].<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web \|title=Definition of sister in English \|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524223741/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister \|archive-date=May 24, 2019 \|access-date=2019-05-24 \|website=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref> The male counterpart is a [[brother]]. Although the term typically refers to a [[family\|familial]] relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships.<ref>Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba." (1988): 441–454.</ref> A full sister is a [[first degree relative\|first-degree relative]].		[[File:The Chess Game (Sofonisba Anguissola) 1555 (4096x3236px).jpg\|thumb\|''The Game of Chess'' (1555) by [[Sofonisba Anguissola]] (It depicts her sisters [[Lucia Anguissola\|Lucia]] (left), [[:fr:Minerva Anguissola\|Minerva]] (right) and [[:it:Europa Anguissola\|Europa]] (middle) Anguissola playing chess. The older woman is their maidservant.)]]
			[[File:Henrika Šantel - Sestra Danica.jpg\|thumb\|The Artist's sister [[Danica Šantel]] by [[Henrika Šantel]]]]
			[[File:Spencer-sisters.jpg\|thumb\|Three sisters from the Spencer family, {{Circa\|1902}}.\|211x211px]]
			A '''sister''' is a [[woman]] or a [[girl]] who shares [[Parent\|parents]] or a parent with another individual; a female [[sibling]].<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web \|title=Definition of sister in English \|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524223741/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister \|archive-date=May 24, 2019 \|access-date=2019-05-24 \|website=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref> The male counterpart is a [[brother]]. Although the term typically refers to a [[family\|familial]] relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships.<ref>Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba." (1988): 441–454.</ref> A full sister is a [[first degree relative\|first-degree relative]].

	==Overview==		==Overview==
	~~[[File:Little Julia tending the baby at home.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Two child sisters, {{Circa\|1911}}.]]~~
	~~[[File:Spencer-sisters.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Three sisters from the Spencer family, {{Circa\|1902}}.]]~~		The [[English language\|English]] word ''sister'' comes from [[Old Norse]] {{Lang\|non\|systir}} which itself derives from [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*swestēr'', both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts, [[brother]]s.<ref>Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics". Child Development 73 (2): 581–600.</ref> In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers.<ref>Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry — Page 67, Wen-Shing Tseng – 2001</ref> In some quarters, the term ''sister'' has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulating [[kinship]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=van der Burghe\|first1=Pierre\|title=The Ethnic Phenomenon\|date=1987\|page=27}}</ref> In response, in order to avoid equivocation, some publishers prefer the usage of ''female sibling'' over ''sister''.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Olshewsky\|first1=Thomas\|title=Problems in the philosophy of language\|date=1969\|page=286}}</ref> Males with a [[twin]] sister sometimes view her as their female [[alter ego]], or what they would have been like if they had two X chromosomes.<ref>McCallum, Robyn. "Other Selves: subjectivity and the doppelganger in Australian adolescent fiction. Example of the sister in a sentence "The sisters live in the convent at Lafayette Towers." Writing the Australian child: Texts and contexts in fictions for children (1996): 17–36.</ref> A study in Perth, Australia found that girls having only younger brothers resulted in a ''chastity effect'': losing their [[virginity]] on average more than a year later than average. This has been hypothesized as being attributed to the pheromones in their brothers' sweat and household-related errands.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Pincott \|first=Jena E \|date=March 20, 2011 \|title=Do Brothers Stall Their Sisters' Sex Lives? \|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230118011103/https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives \|archive-date=18 Jan 2023 \|website=Psychology Today}}</ref>
	[[File:SS. AA. II. As SERmas. Princezas D. Isabel e D. Leopoldina - Litografia (cropped).jpg\|thumb\|right\|[[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]] and her sister [[Princess Leopoldina of Brazil\|Princess Leopoldina]] riding horses, {{Circa\|1868}}.]]
	The [[English language\|English]] word ''sister'' comes from [[Old Norse]] {{Lang\|non\|systir}} which itself derives from [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*swestēr'', both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts, [[brother]]s.<ref>Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics". Child Development 73 (2): 581–600.</ref> In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers.<ref>Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry — Page 67, Wen-Shing Tseng – 2001</ref> In some quarters, the term ''sister'' has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulating [[kinship]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=van der Burghe\|first1=Pierre\|title=The Ethnic Phenomenon\|date=1987\|page=27}}</ref> In response, in order to avoid equivocation, some publishers prefer the usage of ''female sibling'' over ''sister''.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Olshewsky\|first1=Thomas\|title=Problems in the philosophy of language\|date=1969\|page=286}}</ref> Males with a [[twin]] sister sometimes view her as their female [[alter ego]], or what they would have been like if they had two X chromosomes.<ref>McCallum, Robyn. "Other Selves: subjectivity and the doppelganger in Australian adolescent fiction. Example of the sister in a sentence "The sisters live in the convent at Lafayette Towers." Writing the Australian child: Texts and contexts in fictions for children (1996): 17–36.</ref> A study in Perth, Australia found that girls having only ~~youngers~~ brothers resulted in a ''chastity effect'': losing their [[virginity]] on average more than a year later than average. This has been hypothesized as being attributed to the pheromones in their brothers' sweat and household-related errands.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Pincott \|first=Jena E \|date=March 20, 2011 \|title=Do Brothers Stall Their Sisters' Sex Lives? \|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230118011103/https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives \|archive-date=18 Jan 2023 \|website=Psychology Today}}</ref>

	==Sororal relationships==		==Sororal relationships==
	Various studies have shown that older sisters are likely to give a varied [[gender role]] to their younger siblings, as well as being more likely to develop a close bond with their younger siblings.<ref name="smith8888">Gender — Page 53, Leanne Franklin – 2012</ref> Older sisters are more likely to play with their younger siblings.<ref>Play from Birth to Twelve: Contexts, Perspectives, and Meanings, Doris Bergen 2015</ref> Younger siblings display a more needy behavior when ~~in close proximity to~~ their older sister<ref>Sisters and Brothers — Page 78, Judy Dunn – 1985</ref> and are more likely to be tolerant of an older sister's bad behavior.<ref>The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Volume 4, Charles B. Nemeroff, 2002 p 1524</ref> Boys with only an older sister are more likely to display stereotypically male behavior, and such [[masculine]] boys increased their masculine behavior with the more sisters they have.<ref>Gender Development — Page 300, Lynn S. Liben – 2009</ref> The reverse is true for young boys with several sisters, as they tend to be [[feminine]], however, they outgrow this by the time they approach [[pubescence]].<ref>Gender Development, Sheri A. Berenbaum, 2013</ref> Boys with older sisters were less likely to be delinquent or have [[emotional and behavioral disorders]].<ref>Advances in Child Development and Behavior, Volume 26, p 161, 1996</ref> A younger sister is less likely to be scolded by older siblings than a younger brother.<ref>He & she: how children develop their sex role identity, Wendy Schempp Matthews – 1979 p 162</ref> The most common recreational activity between older brother/younger sister pairs is art drawing.<ref name="smith8888"/> Some studies also found a correlation between having an older sister and constructive discussions about safe sexual practices.<ref>Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, Contextual Influences on Adolescent Development, Laurence Steinberg, PhD – 2009 p 61</ref> Some studies have shown that men without sisters are more likely to be ineffectual at courtship and romantic relationships.<ref>Leventhal, Gerald S. "Influence of brothers and sisters on sex-role behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 16.3 (1970): 452.</ref>		Various studies have shown that older sisters are likely to give a varied [[gender role]] to their younger siblings, as well as being more likely to develop a close bond with their younger siblings.<ref name="smith8888">Gender — Page 53, Leanne Franklin – 2012</ref> Older sisters are more likely to play with their younger siblings.<ref>Play from Birth to Twelve: Contexts, Perspectives, and Meanings, Doris Bergen 2015</ref> Younger siblings display more needy behavior when near their older sister<ref>Sisters and Brothers — Page 78, Judy Dunn – 1985</ref> and are more likely to be tolerant of an older sister's bad behavior.<ref>The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Volume 4, Charles B. Nemeroff, 2002 p 1524</ref> Boys with only one older sister are more likely to display stereotypically male behavior, and such [[masculine]] boys increased their masculine behavior with the more sisters they have.<ref>Gender Development — Page 300, Lynn S. Liben – 2009</ref> The reverse is true for young boys with several sisters, as they tend to be [[feminine]], however, they outgrow this by the time they approach [[pubescence]].<ref>Gender Development, Sheri A. Berenbaum, 2013</ref> Boys with older sisters were less likely to be delinquent or have [[emotional and behavioral disorders]].<ref>Advances in Child Development and Behavior, Volume 26, p 161, 1996</ref> A younger sister is less likely to be scolded by older siblings than a younger brother.<ref>He & she: how children develop their sex role identity, Wendy Schempp Matthews – 1979 p 162</ref> The most common recreational activity between older brother/younger sister pairs is art drawing.<ref name="smith8888"/> Some studies also found a correlation between having an older sister and constructive discussions about safe sexual practices.<ref>Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, Contextual Influences on Adolescent Development, Laurence Steinberg, PhD – 2009 p 61</ref> Some studies have shown that men without sisters are more likely to be ineffectual at courtship and romantic relationships.<ref>Leventhal, Gerald S. "Influence of brothers and sisters on sex-role behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 16.3 (1970): 452.</ref>

	~~==Fictional works about sisters==~~
	~~[[File:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Two Sisters (1901).jpg\|thumb\|upright\|''Two Sisters'' by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]]]]~~

	~~===Films===~~
	* ''[[What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (film)\|What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?]]'' (1962)
	* ''[[Hannah and Her Sisters]]'' (1986)
	* ''[[Hanging Up]]'' (2000)
	* ''[[Frozen (2013 film)\|Frozen]]'' (2013)
	* ''[[Little Women (2019 film)\|Little Women]]'' (2019)

	~~===Literature===~~		[[File:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Two Sisters (1901).jpg\|thumb\|right\|''Two Sisters'' by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]]]]
	*''[[~~Little Women]]'' by Louisa May Alcott~~		[[File:Two sisters together in the evening.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Two sisters spending the evening together near a pond in [[Bihar]], India in 2022]]
	*[[Laura Lee Hope]]'s [[Bobbsey Twins]] novels, which included two sets of [[fraternal twins]]: 12-~~year~~-~~old Nan and Bert, and six~~-~~year-old Flossie and Freddie~~
	*''[[In Her Shoes (~~novel~~)\|~~In Her Shoes]]'' (2002), by Jennifer Weiner~~

	~~===Television===~~
	*''[[Hope & Faith]]'', American sitcom
	*''[[Sisters (U.S. TV series)\|''Sisters''~~]]''~~
	*''[[~~What I Like About You (TV series)\|What I Like About You~~]]''
	*''[[Sister, Sister (TV series)\|Sister, Sister]]''

	~~===Games===~~
	*Jessica & Zofia Blazkowicz, ''[[~~Wolfenstein~~: ~~Youngblood]]''~~
	* [[~~Mileena]] & [[Kitana~~]], ~~''[[Mortal Kombat~~]]''
	*[[Wario (series)#Major characters\|Kat and Ana]], ''[[WarioWare]]''

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Brother]]		*[[Brother]]
			*[[Religious sister]]
	*[[Sisterhood (disambiguation)]]		*[[Sisterhood (disambiguation)]]
	*[[~~Religious sister~~]]		*[[Stepsibling]]

	==References==		==References==

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-09-27T18:49:07Z

Created a new article

New page

{{Short description|Female sibling}}{{About||other uses|Sister (disambiguation)|and|Sisters (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Jaclyn Nesheiwat with sister.jpg|thumb|right|Biological sisters who share many [[heredity|phenotypic]] facial features]]
A '''sister''' is a woman or a [[girl]] who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female [[sibling]].<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Definition of sister in English |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524223741/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |access-date=2019-05-24 |website=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref> The male counterpart is a [[brother]]. Although the term typically refers to a [[family|familial]] relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships.<ref>Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba." (1988): 441–454.</ref> A full sister is a [[first degree relative|first-degree relative]].

==Overview==
[[File:Little Julia tending the baby at home.jpg|thumb|right|Two child sisters, {{Circa|1911}}.]]
[[File:Spencer-sisters.jpg|thumb|right|Three sisters from the Spencer family, {{Circa|1902}}.]]
[[File:SS. AA. II. As SERmas. Princezas D. Isabel e D. Leopoldina - Litografia (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]] and her sister [[Princess Leopoldina of Brazil|Princess Leopoldina]] riding horses, {{Circa|1868}}.]]
The [[English language|English]] word ''sister'' comes from [[Old Norse]] {{Lang|non|systir}} which itself derives from [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*swestēr'', both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts, [[brother]]s.<ref>Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics". Child Development 73 (2): 581–600.</ref> In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers.<ref>Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry — Page 67, Wen-Shing Tseng – 2001</ref> In some quarters, the term ''sister'' has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulating [[kinship]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=van der Burghe|first1=Pierre|title=The Ethnic Phenomenon|date=1987|page=27}}</ref> In response, in order to avoid equivocation, some publishers prefer the usage of ''female sibling'' over ''sister''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olshewsky|first1=Thomas|title=Problems in the philosophy of language|date=1969|page=286}}</ref> Males with a [[twin]] sister sometimes view her as their female [[alter ego]], or what they would have been like if they had two X chromosomes.<ref>McCallum, Robyn. "Other Selves: subjectivity and the doppelganger in Australian adolescent fiction. Example of the sister in a sentence "The sisters live in the convent at Lafayette Towers." Writing the Australian child: Texts and contexts in fictions for children (1996): 17–36.</ref> A study in Perth, Australia found that girls having only youngers brothers resulted in a ''chastity effect'': losing their [[virginity]] on average more than a year later than average. This has been hypothesized as being attributed to the pheromones in their brothers' sweat and household-related errands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pincott |first=Jena E |date=March 20, 2011 |title=Do Brothers Stall Their Sisters' Sex Lives? |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230118011103/https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives |archive-date=18 Jan 2023 |website=Psychology Today}}</ref>

==Sororal relationships==
Various studies have shown that older sisters are likely to give a varied [[gender role]] to their younger siblings, as well as being more likely to develop a close bond with their younger siblings.<ref name="smith8888">Gender — Page 53, Leanne Franklin – 2012</ref> Older sisters are more likely to play with their younger siblings.<ref>Play from Birth to Twelve: Contexts, Perspectives, and Meanings, Doris Bergen 2015</ref> Younger siblings display a more needy behavior when in close proximity to their older sister<ref>Sisters and Brothers — Page 78, Judy Dunn – 1985</ref> and are more likely to be tolerant of an older sister's bad behavior.<ref>The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Volume 4, Charles B. Nemeroff, 2002 p 1524</ref> Boys with only an older sister are more likely to display stereotypically male behavior, and such [[masculine]] boys increased their masculine behavior with the more sisters they have.<ref>Gender Development — Page 300, Lynn S. Liben – 2009</ref> The reverse is true for young boys with several sisters, as they tend to be [[feminine]], however, they outgrow this by the time they approach [[pubescence]].<ref>Gender Development, Sheri A. Berenbaum, 2013</ref> Boys with older sisters were less likely to be delinquent or have [[emotional and behavioral disorders]].<ref>Advances in Child Development and Behavior, Volume 26, p 161, 1996</ref> A younger sister is less likely to be scolded by older siblings than a younger brother.<ref>He & she: how children develop their sex role identity, Wendy Schempp Matthews – 1979 p 162</ref> The most common recreational activity between older brother/younger sister pairs is art drawing.<ref name="smith8888"/> Some studies also found a correlation between having an older sister and constructive discussions about safe sexual practices.<ref>Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, Contextual Influences on Adolescent Development, Laurence Steinberg, PhD – 2009 p 61</ref> Some studies have shown that men without sisters are more likely to be ineffectual at courtship and romantic relationships.<ref>Leventhal, Gerald S. "Influence of brothers and sisters on sex-role behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 16.3 (1970): 452.</ref>

==Fictional works about sisters==
[[File:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Two Sisters (1901).jpg|thumb|upright|''Two Sisters'' by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]]]]

===Films===
* ''[[What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (film)|What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Hannah and Her Sisters]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Hanging Up]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Little Women (2019 film)|Little Women]]'' (2019)

===Literature===
*''[[Little Women]]'' by Louisa May Alcott
*[[Laura Lee Hope]]'s [[Bobbsey Twins]] novels, which included two sets of [[fraternal twins]]: 12-year-old Nan and Bert, and six-year-old Flossie and Freddie
*''[[In Her Shoes (novel)|In Her Shoes]]'' (2002), by Jennifer Weiner

===Television===
*''[[Hope & Faith]]'', American sitcom
*''[[Sisters (U.S. TV series)|''Sisters'']]''
*''[[What I Like About You (TV series)|What I Like About You]]''
*''[[Sister, Sister (TV series)|Sister, Sister]]''

===Games===
*Jessica & Zofia Blazkowicz, ''[[Wolfenstein: Youngblood]]''
* [[Mileena]] & [[Kitana]], ''[[Mortal Kombat]]''
*[[Wario (series)#Major characters|Kat and Ana]], ''[[WarioWare]]''

==See also==
*[[Brother]]
*[[Sisterhood (disambiguation)]]
*[[Religious sister]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Wiktionary-inline|sister}}

{{Family}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sisters| ]]
[[Category:Kinship and descent]]
[[Category:Terms for women]]