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{{Short description|Royal Rajput dynasty of Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
[[File:Map of the Sisodiyas.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Map of the territory of the Sisodiyas.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=148, map XIV.4 (c)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=186}}</ref>]]
The '''Sisodia''' is an Indian [[Rajput]] dynasty belonging to the clan that ruled over the [[Kingdom of Mewar]], in the region of [[Mewar]] in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>For a map of their territory see: {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=147, map XIV.4 (e)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=186}}</ref> The name of the clan is also transliterated as ''Sesodia'', ''Shishodia'', ''Sishodia'', ''Shishodya'', ''Sisodya'', ''Sisodiya'',
''Sisodia''.

== Origins ==
[[File:Rana kumbha Birla mandir edited.jpg|thumb|[[Maharana Kumbha]], one of the most notable Sisodia rulers|alt=]]
The Sisodia dynasty traced its ancestry to Rahapa, a son of the 12th century [[Guhila dynasty|Guhila]] King Ranasimha. He founded the village of Shisoda, in modern day [[Rajsamand district]], as his capital, after which his descendants were called Sisodias. The main branch of the Guhila dynasty ended with their defeat against the [[Khalji dynasty]] at the [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)]]. In 1326, [[Rana Hammir]], who belonged to Sisodiya branch, reclaimed control of the region, re-established the dynasty, and also became the founder of the Sisodia dynasty clan, a branch of the Guhila dynasty, to which every succeeding Maharana of Mewar belonged, and the Sisodias regained control of [[Chittor Fort|Chittor]], the former Guhila capital.<ref>{{cite book |author=Rima Hooja |title=A history of Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |year=2006 |publisher=Rupa |oclc=80362053 |pages=328–329 |isbn=9788129108906 }}</ref><ref name="Naravane">''The Rajputs of Rajputana: a glimpse of medieval Rajasthan'' by M. S. Naravane {{ISBN|81-7648-118-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Manoshi|first=Bhattacharya|title=The Royal Rajputs|isbn=9788129114013|pages=42–46}}</ref>

According to the ''Rajprashasti'' genealogy, one of these – Samar Singh – married Prithi, the sister of [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]. His grandson Rahapa adopted the title [[Rana (title)|Rana]] (monarch). Rahapa's descendants spent some time at a place called Sisoda, and therefore, came to be known as "Sisodia".<ref name="SRS_1971">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tEycu_8H5qkC&pg=PA10 |title=Maharana Raj Singh and His Times |author=Sri Ram Sharma |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1971 |isbn=9788120823983 |pages=2–12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Wessly Lukose|title=Contextual Missiology of the Spirit: Pentecostalism in Rajasthan, India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccBNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|year=2013|publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-62032-894-1|page=50 }}</ref>

[[File:Coat of arms of Udaipur State.png|thumb|The Sisodia coat of arms after Udaipur city was built]]

== History ==

The most notable Sisodia rulers were [[Hammir Singh|Rana Hamir]] (r. 1326–64), [[Kumbha of Mewar|Rana Kumbha]] (r. 1433–68), [[Rana Sanga]] (r.1508–1528) and [[Maharana Pratap|Rana Pratap]] (r. 1572–97). The [[Bhonsle]] clan, to which the [[Maratha empire]]'s founder [[Shivaji]] belonged, also claimed descent from a branch of the royal Sisodia family.<ref name="S1998">{{cite book|author=Singh K S|title=India's communities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lZuAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |page=2211}}</ref> Nainsi in his book mentioned Shahji descended from Chacha, son of Rana Lakha.<ref>Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute, 1960, Muhnot Nainsi Ri Khyat, Part 1, page 15</ref> Similarly, [[Rana dynasty]] of [[Nepal]] also claimed descent from Ranas of [[Mewar]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KVDIvLQDGckC&dq=ranas+nepal+rajput&pg=PA319 Greater Game: India's Race with Destiny and China by David Van Praagh]</ref>

According to the Sisodia Chronicles, when the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultan]] [[Alauddin Khalji]] attacked [[Chittorgarh]] in 1303, the Sisodia men performed ''Saka'' (fighting to the death), while their women committed ''[[Jauhar]]'' (self-immolation in preference to becoming enemy captives). This was repeated twice: when [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]] besieged [[Chittorgarh]] in 1535, and when the [[Mughal empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]] conquered it in 1567.<ref name="MBB_2015"/>

Frequent skirmishes with the Mughals greatly reduced the Sisodia power and the size of their kingdom. The Sisodias ultimately accepted the Mughal suzerainty, and some even fought in the Mughal army. However, the art and literary works commissioned by the subsequent Sisodia rulers emphasized their pre-Mughal past.<ref name="MBB_2015"/> The Sisodias were the last Rajput dynasty to ally with the Mughals, and unlike other Rajput clans, never intermarried with the Mughal imperial family.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dR0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |title=Royal Umbrellas of Stone |author=Melia Belli Bose |publisher=Brill |year=2015 |page=37|isbn=9789004300569 }}</ref> The Sisodias cultivated an elite identity distinct from other Rajput clans through the poetic legends, eulogies and visual arts commissioned by them. [[James Tod]], an officer of the [[British East India Company]], relied on these works for his book ''Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, or the central and western Rajpoot states of India'' (1829–1832). His widely read work further helped spread the views of the Sisodias as a superior Rajput clan in colonial and post-colonial India.<ref name="MBB_2015">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dR0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 |title=Royal Umbrellas of Stone |author=Melia Belli Bose |publisher=Brill |year=2015 |pages=248–251 |isbn=9789004300569 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Serving empire, serving nation: James Tod and the Rajputs of Rajasthan |first=Jason |last=Freitag |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-04-17594-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ib93BhAu43gC |access-date=2011-07-27 |pages=3–5, 49}}</ref>

== Princely States ==
* [[Kingdom of Mewar]]
* [[Shahpura State]]
* [[Dharampur State]]
* [[Dungarpur State]]
* [[Barwani State]]
* [[Pratapgarh State]]
* [[Banswara State]]
* Deogarh State

== List of Rulers ==
* [[Hammir Singh]] (1326–1364)
* [[Kshetra Singh]] (1364–1382)
* [[Lakha Singh]] (1382–1421)
* [[Mokal Singh]] (1421–1433)
* [[Rana Kumbha]] (1433–1468)
* [[Udai Singh I]] (1468–1473)
* [[Rana Raimal]] (1473–1508)
* [[Rana Sanga]] (1508–1527), ''Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race: Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867–1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming|url=https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ratan Singh II]] (1528–1531)
* [[Vikramaditya Singh (Maharana)|Vikramaditya Singh]] (1531–1536)
* [[Vanvir Singh]] (1536–1540)
* [[Udai Singh II]] (1540–1572)
* [[Maharana Pratap]] (1572–1597), ''13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.''
* [[Amar Singh I]] (1597–1620)
* [[Karan Singh II]] (1620–1628)
* [[Jagat Singh I]] (1628–1652)
* [[Raj Singh I]] (1652–1680)
* [[Jai Singh of Mewar|Jai Singh]] (1680–1698)
* [[Amar Singh II]] (1698–1710)
* [[Sangram Singh II]] (1710–1734)
* [[Jagat Singh II]] (1734–1751)
* [[Pratap Singh II]] (1751–1754)
* [[Raj Singh II]] (1754–1762)
* [[Ari Singh II]] (1762–1772)
* [[Hamir Singh II]] (1772–1778)
* [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Bhim Singh]] (1778–1828)
* [[Jawan Singh]] (1828–1838)
* [[Sardar Singh]] (1838–1842)
* [[Swarup Singh of Udaipur|Swarup Singh]] (1842–1861)
* [[Shambhu Singh]] (1861–1874)
* [[Sajjan Singh of Udaipur|Sajjan Singh]] (1874–1884)
* [[Fateh Singh of Udaipur and Mewar|Fateh Singh]] (1884–1930)
* [[Bhupal Singh]] (1930–1947)

=== Titular Maharanas ===

* [[Bhupal Singh]] (1947–1955)
* [[Bhagwat Singh Mewar]] (1955-1984)
* [[Mahendra Singh Mewar]] (1984-Present)
* [[Arvind Singh Mewar]] (present)

== See also ==
* [[Rajput clans]]
* [[Shaktawat]]
* [[Chundawat]]
* [[Ranawat]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book|author=Gopinath Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIs9AAAAMAAJ|title=Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.)|date=1954|publisher=S.L. Agarwala|language=en}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/search/Seesodia Sisodia materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]

{{Rajput Groups of India}}

[[Category:Rajput clans of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Mewar dynasty]]
[[Category:Indian surnames]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Suryavansha]]

Sisodia Dynasty - Revision history

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