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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sirsa district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Haryana|District of Haryana]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = India - Haryana - Sirsa.svg
| map_caption = Location of Sirsa district in Haryana
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Sirsa, Haryana{{!}}Sirsa
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Sirsa, Haryana|Sirsa]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 1. Sirsa, 2. Dabwali, 3. Rania, 4. Ellenabad
| area_total_km2 = 4277
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,295,189
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 60.55%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 897 (2011 census estimates)
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 10 (India)|NH 10]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]] (shared with Fatehabad district)
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = 5
| website = http://sirsa.nic.in/
}}

'''Sirsa district''' is the largest district of [[Haryana]] state. [[Sirsa, Haryana|Sirsa]] is the district headquarters. It is located on [[National Highway 10 (India)|National Highway 10]] and {{convert|250|km}} from the capital [[Delhi]].

==Origin of name==
The district is named after its headquarters, Sirsa. The name, Sirsa is derived from its ancient [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] name ''Sairishaka'', which is mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]], the [[Ashtadhyayi]] and the [[Divyavadana]]. In ''Mahabharata'', Sairishaka is described as being taken by [[Nakula]] in his conquest of the western quarter. It must have been a flourishing city in the 5th century B.C. as it has been mentioned by [[Pāṇini|Panini]].

There are a number of legends about the origin of the name of the town. Its ancient name was Sairishaka and from that it seems to have been corrupted to Sirsa. According to local tradition, an unknown king named Saras founded the town in the 7th century A.D. and built a fort. The material remains of an ancient fort can still be seen in the south-east of the present town. It is about 5 km in circumference. According to another tradition, the name has its origin from the sacred river [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]] which one flowed near it. During the medieval period, the town was known as Sarsuti. It has been mentioned as Sarsuti by a number of medieval historians. The derivation of name Sirsa, is also attributed to the abundance of siris trees (''[[Albizia lebbeck]]'' ([[Benth]])) in the neighborhood of Sirsa which seems quite plausible for it finds some corroboration also in Panini and his commentator. In the ancient period, Sirsa was also known as Sirsapattan.However some local still believes that name may be derived from famous Sarsai Nath whose temple is there in the city.

==History==
In 1819, the territory occupied by the present district was taken over by the British and it became part of the North Western district of the Delhi territory. In 1820, the North Western district was bifurcated into Northern and Western districts and this territory became part of Western district, which was later renamed Haryana district. In 1837, it was separated from Haryana district and merged with newly formed Bhattiana district. In 1858, Bhattiana district was transferred to [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] and renamed Sirsa district. In 1884, Sirsa district was abolished, its two tehsils, Sirsa and Dabwali were merged to form Sirsa tehsil, which became part of [[Hisar district|Hissar district]] of Punjab Province. On 1 November 1966, it became part of newly formed state of Haryana. In 1968, Sirsa tehsil was again bifurcated to Sirsa and Dabwali tehsils. The present district was carved out on 1 September 1975 by amalgamating Sirsa and Dabwali tehsils of erstwhile Hissar district.

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Sirsa one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the two districts in Haryana that used to receive funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

==Divisions==
The district comprises five [[tehsil]]s: Sirsa,
[[Dabwali]], [[Rania, Haryana|Rania]], Kalanwali and [[Ellenabad]]. These tehsils are further sub-divided into 7 blocks: Baragudha, Dabwali, Ellenabad, Nathusary Chopta, Odhan, Rania and Sirsa.

There are 5 [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in this district: Kalanwali, Dabwali, [[Rania, Haryana|Rania]], Sirsa and Ellenabad. All of these are part of [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,65,167|13=1911|14=1,70,733|15=1921|16=1,73,476|17=1931|18=1,90,772|19=1941|20=2,13,522|21=1951|22=2,21,282|23=1961|24=3,70,665|25=1971|26=5,33,604|27=1981|28=7,07,068|29=1991|30=9,03,536|31=2001|32=11,16,649|33=2011|34=12,95,189|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>|align=right}}

{{bar box|width = 300px
| barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
| title = Religion in Sirsa district (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/218-sirsa.html|title=Sirsa District Population Census 2011-2019, Haryana literacy sex ratio and density|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=5 March 2019}}</ref>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float = right
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|72.60}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|#FFFF00|26.17}}
{{bar percent|Other|#9955BB|1.23}}}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Sirsa district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,295,189,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2 February 2015 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Mauritius]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Mauritius 1,303,717 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[New Hampshire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =New Hampshire 1,316,470
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 378th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|303|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> As of the 2011 census, its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.99%,<ref name=districtcensus/> with a [[sex ratio]] of 897 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 68.82%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

=== Languages ===
As of 2001, Hindi speakers for 66% and Punjabi speakers account for 33% of the population.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!|Rank
!|Language
!|1881<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/finalreportonre00wilsgoog|title=Final Report on the Revision of Settlement of the Sirsá District in the Punjáb|first=Sir James|last=Wilson|date=5 March 1884|publisher=Calcutta Central Press Company|access-date=5 March 2019|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
!|1961<ref>{{cite web |title=Sirsa Tehsil |url=http://14.139.60.114:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/955/8/Pathankot%20Tehsil%20(25-46).pdf |access-date=12 March 2021 |page=37}}</ref>
!|1991<ref>{{cite web |url=http://esaharyana.gov.in/Data/StateStatisticalAbstract/2010-11(English)/StateAbst10-11/27-95.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313132759/http://esaharyana.gov.in/Data/StateStatisticalAbstract/2010-11%28English%29/StateAbst10-11/27-95.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2016 }}</ref>
!|2001<ref>{{cite web |url=http://esaharyana.gov.in/Data/StateStatisticalAbstract/StatisticalAbstract(2011-12).pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817093157/http://esaharyana.gov.in/Data/StateStatisticalAbstract/StatisticalAbstract%282011-12%29.pdf |archive-date=17 August 2013 }}</ref>
|-
| 1
! [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| 27.00%
| 29.40%
| 35.54%
| 33.42%
|-
| 2
! [[Hindi]]
| —
| 70.50%
| 65.34%
| 65.94%
|-
| 3
! [[Urdu]]
| —
| —
| 0.02%
| 0.07%
|-
| —
! [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| 43.00%
| —
| —
| —
|-
| —
! Other
| —
| 0.10%
| 0.10%
| 0.57%
|}

==Notable people from Sirsa District==
*[[Arjun Singh Gurjar]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0Z457ZOR44C&q=arjun+singh+gujar+&pg=PA8|title=History of Sirsa Town|year=1991|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri|access-date=31 August 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[Barinder Sran]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/537126.html|title=Barinder Sran|website=Cricinfo|access-date=1 September 2017}}</ref> - National cricketer
* [[Chaudhary Devi Lal]] - former Deputy Prime Minister of India, Former Chief Minister of Haryana
* [[Ganeshi Lal]] - Governor of Odisha
* [[Hari Singh Dilbar]] - Punjabi language poet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/punjabi-poet-dilbar-passes-away/states/news/859711.html|title=Punjabi poet Dilbar passes away|website=Uniindia.com|access-date=1 September 2017}}</ref>
* [[Jagdish Nehra]] - former Education and Irrigation Minister
* [[Jaswinder Brar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://khabridost.in/jaswinder-brar|title=Jaswinder Brar|website=khabridost.in|access-date=1 September 2017}}</ref> - Punjabi folk singer
* [[Rupinder Handa]] - Punjabi Singer
* [[Om Prakash Chautala]] - former Chief Minister of Haryana
* [[Sardara Singh]] - National Hockey player<ref>{{cite news |title=News18 Hindi News: पढ़ें हिंदी न्यूज़, Latest and Breaking News in Hindi, हिन्दी समाचार, न्यूज़ इन हिंदी - News18 इंडिया |url=https://hindi.news18.com/amp/news/haryana/hisar-rajeev-gndhi-khel-ratan-award-to-sardar-singh-1068455.html |access-date=16 June 2019 |work=News18 India |language=hi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717095936/https://hindi.news18.com/amp/news/haryana/hisar-rajeev-gndhi-khel-ratan-award-to-sardar-singh-1068455.html|archive-date=17 July 2018}}</ref>
* [[Satwant Kaur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjabitribuneonline.com/2011/08/%e0%a8%9b%e0%a9%8b%e0%a8%9f%e0%a9%87-%e0%a8%a4%e0%a9%87-%e0%a8%b5%e0%a9%b1%e0%a8%a1%e0%a9%87-%e0%a8%aa%e0%a8%b0%e0%a8%a6%e0%a9%87-%e0%a8%a6%e0%a9%80-%e0%a8%ae%e0%a8%95%e0%a8%ac%e0%a9%82%e0%a8%b2/|title=ਛੋਟੇ ਤੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਪਰਦੇ ਦੀ ਮਕਬੂਲ ਅਦਾਕਾਰਾ ਸਤਵੰਤ|date=26 August 2011|access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref> - Bollywood and Punjabi actress
* [[Savita Punia]]- National hockey player<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hockeyindia.org/team/savita-punia-2.html|title=Hockey India - Savita}}</ref>
* [[Maninder Buttar]] - Punjabi Singer
*[[Savita Punia]] is an Indian [[field hockey]] player and is a member of the [[India women's national field hockey team|India national field hockey team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/goalie-savita-punia-who-stood-like-a-wall-loved-to-listen-to-hockey-commentary-on-radio-as-child-291861|title=Goalie Savita Punia, who stood like a wall, loved listening to hockey commentary on radio as a child|website=TribuneIndia|access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/olympics/savita-punia-haryana-roadways-buses-kit-tokyo-2020-glory-7434502/|title=Savita Punia: From lugging kit on Haryana roadways buses to Olympic glory|website=Indian Express|access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/thirtyprofile2018/savita-punia/1679/53|title=Savita Punia|website=Forbes India|access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/who-is-savita-punia-five-things-to-know-about-india-s-unflappable-hockey-goalkee|title=Who is Savita Punia? Five things to know about India’s unflappable hockey goalkeeper|website=Olympics|access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref>

== Villages ==
[[List of villages in Sirsa District]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://sirsa.gov.in/ Sirsa District- Sirsa district official Government website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Sirsa district
|North = [[Bathinda district]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|Northeast = [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa district]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|East =
|Southeast = [[Fatehabad district]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Hanumangarh district]] [[Rajasthan]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Muktsar district]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
}}

{{Districts of Haryana}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}

{{coord|29|32|24|N|75|01|48|E|region:IN-HR_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirsa District}}
[[Category:Sirsa district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Haryana]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Haryana]]

Sirsa district - Revision history

116.72.213.221: /* Languages */Removed repetitive information

imported>Vatsmaxed: /* top */replace, replaced: Indian road network → Roads in India