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	He was one of the world's leading [[Orchidaceae\|orchid]] collectors. He employed several botanical artists to record his orchid collections including [[John Nugent Fitch]], John Livingston Macfarlane and [[Nellie Roberts]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Elliott\|first=Brent\|date=March 2010\|title=The Royal Horticultural Society and its orchids: a social history\|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/about-the-rhs/pdfs/publications/lindley-library-occasional-papers/volume-2-march-2010.pdf\|journal=Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library\|volume=2\|pages=3–53}}</ref> He asked his wife to give plants of botanical interest to [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew\|Kew]] after his death: 580 were thought to qualify. He presided at the Royal Horticultural Society conference on [[Hybrid (biology)\|hybrid]]isation in 1899, which is now officially regarded as the first international conference on [[genetics]].		He was one of the world's leading [[Orchidaceae\|orchid]] collectors. He employed several botanical artists to record his orchid collections including [[John Nugent Fitch]], John Livingston Macfarlane and [[Nellie Roberts]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Elliott\|first=Brent\|date=March 2010\|title=The Royal Horticultural Society and its orchids: a social history\|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/about-the-rhs/pdfs/publications/lindley-library-occasional-papers/volume-2-march-2010.pdf\|journal=Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library\|volume=2\|pages=3–53}}</ref> He asked his wife to give plants of botanical interest to [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew\|Kew]] after his death: 580 were thought to qualify. He presided at the Royal Horticultural Society conference on [[Hybrid (biology)\|hybrid]]isation in 1899, which is now officially regarded as the first international conference on [[genetics]].

	In 1905, [[Michael Foster (physiologist)\|Professor M. Foster]] named a hybrid [[Iris (plant)\|Aril Iris]] after him, a cross between ''[[Iris iberica]]'' X ''[[Iris pallida]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Arilbred Iris (Iris 'Sir Trevor Lawrence') in the Irises Database \|url=http://garden.org/plants/view/603625/Arilbred-Iris-Iris-Sir-Trevor-Lawrence/ \|publisher=garden.org \|accessdate=24 November ~~2022~~}}</ref> Also ''[[Clematis texensis]]'' 'Sir Trevor Lawrence', [[Tulipa]] 'Sir Trevor Lawrence' and [[Begonia]] were also named after him. A genus of orchids, ''[[Trevoria]]'', bears his name as well.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Searching the NGA's Plant Database \|url=http://garden.org/plants/search/text/?q=Sir+Trevor+Lawrence \|publisher=garden.org \|accessdate=24 November ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1905, [[Michael Foster (physiologist)\|Professor M. Foster]] named a hybrid [[Iris (plant)\|Aril Iris]] after him, a cross between ''[[Iris iberica]]'' X ''[[Iris pallida]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Arilbred Iris (Iris 'Sir Trevor Lawrence') in the Irises Database \|url=http://garden.org/plants/view/603625/Arilbred-Iris-Iris-Sir-Trevor-Lawrence/ \|publisher=garden.org \|accessdate=24 November 2016}}</ref> Also ''[[Clematis texensis]]'' 'Sir Trevor Lawrence', [[Tulipa]] 'Sir Trevor Lawrence' and [[Begonia]] were also named after him. A genus of orchids, ''[[Trevoria]]'', bears his name as well.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Searching the NGA's Plant Database \|url=http://garden.org/plants/search/text/?q=Sir+Trevor+Lawrence \|publisher=garden.org \|accessdate=24 November 2016}}</ref>

	==Hospital body contributions==		==Hospital body contributions==
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	*Boyle, Frederick. About Orchids: A Chat. 1893.		*Boyle, Frederick. About Orchids: A Chat. 1893.
	*Elliott, Brent. History of the Royal Horticultural Society 1804–2004. London: Phillimore, 2004		*Elliott, Brent. History of the Royal Horticultural Society 1804–2004. London: Phillimore, 2004
	*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, {{Page needed \|date=February ~~2022~~}}		*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, {{Page needed \|date=February 2013}}
	*{{Rayment-bt\|date=March ~~2022~~}}		*{{Rayment-bt\|date=March 2012}}
	*{{Rayment-hc\|date=March ~~2022~~}}		*{{Rayment-hc\|date=March 2012}}
	*''Burkes Peerage and Baronetage'' (2003), s.v. Lawrence, Baronets, of Ealing Park		*''Burkes Peerage and Baronetage'' (2003), s.v. Lawrence, Baronets, of Ealing Park
	*''http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E000014b.htm''		*''http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E000014b.htm''

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{{Short description|British surgeon, politician, horticulturalist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Sir
| name = Trevor Lawrence
| honorific_suffix = KCVO KStJ
| image = Trevor_Lawrence_GC_1913.jpg
| birth_name = James John Trevor Lawrence
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1831|12|30}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1913|12|22|1831|12|20}}
| death_place = Burford Lodge, [[Dorking]], [[Surrey]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| burial_place =
| burial_coordinates =
| nationality = British
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Winchester College]] [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]]
| occupation = Surgeon, politician, horticulturalist
| spouse = Elizabeth Matthew
| children = [[Sir William Lawrence, 3rd Baronet|William Matthew Trevor Lawrence]], [[Aubrey Lawrence|Aubrey Trevor Lawrence]], Charles Trevor Lawrence, Bessie Mary Lawrence
| mother = [[Louisa Lawrence|Louisa Senior]]
| father = [[Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet|Sir William Lawrence]]
}}

'''Sir James John Trevor Lawrence, 2nd Baronet''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCVO|KStJ}} (30 December 1831 – 22 December 1913) was an English surgeon, [[Horticulture|horticulturalist]], and art collector. He later became a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for 17 years, retiring to become treasurer of [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] where he founded the '''Lawrence Scholarship''' and contributed to the [[King's Fund|King Edward's Hospital Fund]].

[[Image:Sir Trevor Lawrence.JPG|thumb|right|Caricature of Sir Trevor Lawrence by SPY ([[Sir Leslie Ward]]), Vanity Fair, 1899]]
During his time as MP he became president of the [[Royal Horticultural Society]] serving 28 years until death, overseeing a growth in interest in membership and horticulture in general across the British Empire. He is the inspiration for a hybrid [[Iris (plant)|Aril Iris]], ''Iris Sir Trevor Lawrence'' and a genus of orchids, ''[[Trevoria]]''. The society also founded a gold medal in his honour.

==Childhood and early adulthood==
[[Image:The_Burford_Bridge_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1356677.jpg|thumb|Burford Bridge Hotel, extended by the family]]
Lawrence was born on 30 December 1831, the son of [[Louisa Lawrence|Louisa Senior]] and [[Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet|Sir William Lawrence]]. His mother was the daughter of a successful [[Mayfair]] [[haberdasher]] who had bought a country estate, Broughton House, near [[Aylesbury]], [[Buckinghamshire]]. {{refn|He was christened in April 1883 at [[St Martin-in-the-Fields]], Westminster.|group=note}} He was educated at [[Winchester College]] and [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]], where he took the diploma of [[Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons|MRCS]] in 1853. He then worked for nearly ten years for the [[Indian Medical Service]]. Having inherited his mother's particular love for orchids, he reinforced this interest while in [[India]]. He made his first collection when living at [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]] in the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] foothills.

On 5 July 1867, Lawrence succeeded to his father's recently created baronetcy (see [[Lawrence Baronets]]). In 1869 he married Elizabeth, daughter of John Matthew, a partner in the leading firm of marine engineers, [[John Penn (engineer)|John Penn and Son]] of [[Greenwich]]. Elizabeth inherited Burford Lodge, [[Dorking]], where they created a celebrated garden at the foot of [[Box Hill, Surrey|Box Hill]].{{refn|At the time, the Burford Lodge estate included the [[Burford Bridge Hotel]].|group=note}} They had three sons and one daughter:
*[[Sir William Lawrence, 3rd Baronet|William Matthew Trevor Lawrence]] (17 September 1870 – 4 January 1934); married Iris [[Eyre Crabbe]] (1908) and had issue.
*Bessie Mary Lawrence (11 November 1877 – 12 March 1944); married Henry Rottenburg (1911) and had issue.
*[[Aubrey Lawrence|Aubrey Trevor Lawrence]] (15 January 1879 – 23 March 1930); married Constance Emily Fanning McGaw (1901) and had issue.
*Charles Trevor Lawrence (18 September 1881 – 10 April 1953); married Adeliza Donnelly (1916).

==Political career==
In 1874 he unsuccessfully contested [[Gloucester (UK Parliament constituency)|Gloucester]] as a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]], however in 1875 he was elected for [[Mid Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)|Mid-Surrey]], which included a large portion of south [[London]]. He sat for that constituency for ten years until its abolition in the [[Redistribution of Seats Act 1885|redistribution of seats in 1885]], when he was elected for [[Reigate (UK Parliament constituency)|Reigate Division]] in [[Surrey]], a seat he held for seven years. He did not seek re-election at the 1892 general elections. He confined himself in parliament largely to questions and speeches on constituency matters, such as the abolition of tolls on bridges over the [[River Thames]], and matters of [[public health]] - he was a strong supporter of [[vaccination|vaccinations]]. He made 20 contributions reaching Hansard, spanning 1886-8 and 1892.

==Horticulture==
Lawrence's chief interest, however, was horticulture, an interest he had inherited from his mother, herself a horticulturalist of note. From 1885 to 1913 he was President of the [[Royal Horticultural Society]] which increased greatly in numbers and means during this term. He was determined that it should be restored "to horticulture pure and simple", rather than entertaining the public. He was chiefly responsible for moving the Society from its expensive [[Kensington]] site to a more practical home in [[Westminster]] in 1904. The Society presented him with the [[Victoria Medal of Honour|Victoria Medal]] in 1900, a portrait painted by [[Hubert von Herkomer|Sir Hubert Herkomer]] in 1906, and the [[The Veitch Memorial Medal|Veitch Gold Memorial Medal]] 1913. The Society founded the Lawrence Gold Medal in his honour.

He was one of the world's leading [[Orchidaceae|orchid]] collectors. He employed several botanical artists to record his orchid collections including [[John Nugent Fitch]], John Livingston Macfarlane and [[Nellie Roberts]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elliott|first=Brent|date=March 2010|title=The Royal Horticultural Society and its orchids: a social history|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/about-the-rhs/pdfs/publications/lindley-library-occasional-papers/volume-2-march-2010.pdf|journal=Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library|volume=2|pages=3–53}}</ref> He asked his wife to give plants of botanical interest to [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Kew]] after his death: 580 were thought to qualify. He presided at the Royal Horticultural Society conference on [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]isation in 1899, which is now officially regarded as the first international conference on [[genetics]].

In 1905, [[Michael Foster (physiologist)|Professor M. Foster]] named a hybrid [[Iris (plant)|Aril Iris]] after him, a cross between ''[[Iris iberica]]'' X ''[[Iris pallida]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arilbred Iris (Iris 'Sir Trevor Lawrence') in the Irises Database |url=http://garden.org/plants/view/603625/Arilbred-Iris-Iris-Sir-Trevor-Lawrence/ |publisher=garden.org |accessdate=24 November 2022}}</ref> Also ''[[Clematis texensis]]'' 'Sir Trevor Lawrence', [[Tulipa]] 'Sir Trevor Lawrence' and [[Begonia]] were also named after him. A genus of orchids, ''[[Trevoria]]'', bears his name as well.<ref>{{cite web |title=Searching the NGA's Plant Database |url=http://garden.org/plants/search/text/?q=Sir+Trevor+Lawrence |publisher=garden.org |accessdate=24 November 2022}}</ref>

==Hospital body contributions==
In 1892 he succeeded [[Sir Sydney Waterlow, 1st Baronet|Sir Sydney Waterlow]] as treasurer of [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] and held the office for 12 years. In that time he founded the Lawrence Scholarship in memory of his father, and was a member of the Council of [[King's Fund|King Edward's Hospital Fund]] also making donations.

He was created a Knight Commander of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (KCVO) in the November [[1902 Birthday Honours]] list,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Birthday Honours |date=10 November 1902 |page=10 |issue=36921}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27493 |date=7 November 1902 |pages=7161–7163 |supp=y}}</ref> and was invested with the insignia by King [[Edward VII]] at [[Buckingham Palace]] on 18 December 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular |date=19 December 1902 |page=4 |issue=36955}}</ref> He was also a [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of Grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem]].

==Artworks legacy==
He was a well-known collector of [[work of art|objets d'art]], particularly oriental, especially Japanese, art, western [[porcelain]], and old [[lace]]. Some of his collections are now in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] and other museums.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

==Death==
He died at Burford Lodge. His will was sworn in 1914 at {{GBP|13580|1914|round=-5|about=yes|long=no}}.<ref>https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk Calendar of Probates and Administrations</ref>

==See also==
*[[Lawrence Baronets]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*Boyle, Frederick. About Orchids: A Chat. 1893.
*Elliott, Brent. History of the Royal Horticultural Society 1804–2004. London: Phillimore, 2004
*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, {{Page needed |date=February 2022}}
*{{Rayment-bt|date=March 2022}}
*{{Rayment-hc|date=March 2022}}
*''Burkes Peerage and Baronetage'' (2003), s.v. Lawrence, Baronets, of Ealing Park
*''http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E000014b.htm''
*{{cite journal | pmc=2300350 | year=1914 | title=SIR TREVOR LAWRENCE, Bart., K.C.V.O., M.R.C.S | journal=British Medical Journal | volume=1 | issue=2767 | pages=121–122 | doi=10.1136/bmj.1.2767.121}}

== External links ==
* {{Hansard-contribs | sir-james-lawrence-1 | Sir Trevor Lawrence }}

{{S-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Sir Henry Peek, 1st Baronet|Sir Henry Peek, Bt.]] [[Richard Baggallay]] }}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Mid Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)|Mid Surrey]]
| years = [[1875 East Suffolk by-election|1875]]–[[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]]
| with = [[Sir Henry Peek, 1st Baronet|Sir Henry Peek, Bt.]] to 1874
| with2 = [[Sir John Ellis, 1st Baronet|Sir John Ellis, Bt.]] from 1874
}}
{{s-non | reason = Constituency abolished }}
{{s-new | constituency}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Reigate (UK Parliament constituency)|Reigate]]
| years = [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]]–[[1892 United Kingdom general election|1892]]
}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Henry Cubitt, 2nd Baron Ashcombe|Henry Cubitt]] }}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Lawrence Baronets|Baronet]] '''(of Ealing Park)'''
| years = 1867–1913
| before = [[Sir William Lawrence, 1st Baronet|William Lawrence]]
| after = [[Sir William Lawrence, 3rd Baronet|William Matthew Trevor Lawrence]]
}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, Trevor}}
[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1913 deaths]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1880–1885]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1885–1886]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1886–1892]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Veitch Memorial Medal recipients]]
[[Category:Victoria Medal of Honour (Horticulture) recipients]]

Sir Trevor Lawrence, 2nd Baronet - Revision history

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