Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 06:40, 11 December 2022
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	{{short description\|Scottish soldier and colonial administrator}}		{{short description\|Scottish soldier and colonial administrator}}
	{{about\|the general and colonial governor\|other people\|Thomas Munro (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the general and colonial governor\|other people\|Thomas Munro (disambiguation)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2014}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix = Sir		\| honorific-prefix = Sir
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	\| awards =[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]]		\| awards =[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
	}}		}}
	[[File:Sir. Thomas Munro's Statue, Madras (MacLeod, p.124, 1871) - Copy.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Sir. Thomas Munro's Statue, Madras (MacLeod, p.124, 1871)<ref name=MacLeod>{{cite book\|last1=MacLeod\|first1=Norman\|title=Peeps at the Far East: A Familiar Account of a Visit to India\|date=1871\|publisher=Strahan & Co.\|location=London\|url=http://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QadleVqcjfjXdbL76hLpHAlKGquS182cWZd25oDvHR0IWujwaV1l7F_v1EzHArXZcnWj3BCM-XsUlMsYj7__NZpsDu5ZTBjIEa-Je4nUviK_cS0zTCcmeWuZVce-2hlBmT0VXBzakDA55LhS7Ks7poEMlLrKnXJcMpjQup_ghtwNoJh69hUdujOZGqcU2xTzda2aMzjOgJdRtY_0_PdT9-GwCL2TmJUKyQ8Txmh1vXVRqmh8Za66nRaLrcfn3r-fz3ojiUlW_9Jn7R8VCgYAeiOWENYfQYyhGtgO9GCRXWMIQNfZiPo\|access-date=2 November ~~2022~~}}</ref>]]		[[File:Sir. Thomas Munro's Statue, Madras (MacLeod, p.124, 1871) - Copy.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Sir. Thomas Munro's Statue, Madras (MacLeod, p.124, 1871)<ref name=MacLeod>{{cite book\|last1=MacLeod\|first1=Norman\|title=Peeps at the Far East: A Familiar Account of a Visit to India\|date=1871\|publisher=Strahan & Co.\|location=London\|url=http://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QadleVqcjfjXdbL76hLpHAlKGquS182cWZd25oDvHR0IWujwaV1l7F_v1EzHArXZcnWj3BCM-XsUlMsYj7__NZpsDu5ZTBjIEa-Je4nUviK_cS0zTCcmeWuZVce-2hlBmT0VXBzakDA55LhS7Ks7poEMlLrKnXJcMpjQup_ghtwNoJh69hUdujOZGqcU2xTzda2aMzjOgJdRtY_0_PdT9-GwCL2TmJUKyQ8Txmh1vXVRqmh8Za66nRaLrcfn3r-fz3ojiUlW_9Jn7R8VCgYAeiOWENYfQYyhGtgO9GCRXWMIQNfZiPo\|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref>]]

	[[Major-General (United Kingdom)\|Major-General]] '''Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet''' [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath\|KCB]] (27 May 1761{{snd}}6 July 1827) was a [[Scotland\|Scottish]] [[British Army\|soldier]] and British [[colonial administrator]]. He served as an [[East India Company\|East India Company Army]] officer and statesman, in addition to also being the governor of [[Madras Presidency]].		[[Major-General (United Kingdom)\|Major-General]] '''Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet''' [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath\|KCB]] (27 May 1761{{snd}}6 July 1827) was a [[Scotland\|Scottish]] [[British Army\|soldier]] and British [[colonial administrator]]. He served as an [[East India Company\|East India Company Army]] officer and statesman, in addition to also being the governor of [[Madras Presidency]].
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	==Incidents at Mantralayam and Gandi (Andhra Pradesh)==		==Incidents at Mantralayam and Gandi (Andhra Pradesh)==
	[[File:Memorial Sir. Thomas Munro, St. Mary's Cathedral, Madras.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Memorial Sir. Thomas Munro, [[St. Mary's Church, Chennai\|St. Mary's Church, Madras]]]]		[[File:Memorial Sir. Thomas Munro, St. Mary's Cathedral, Madras.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Memorial Sir. Thomas Munro, [[St. Mary's Church, Chennai\|St. Mary's Church, Madras]]]]
	The village of [[Mantralayam]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] is where the famous [[Dvaita]] saint [[Raghavendra Swami]] is located. An anecdote of Sir Thomas Munro is told about this place. When Sir Thomas Munro was the Collector of [[Bellary]] in 1800, the Madras Government ordered him to procure the annual tax from the Math and Manthralaya village.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Jagadguru Sri Raghavendra Swamy\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlkqAAAAYAAJ\|publisher=Sri Parimala Research and Publishing House\|author=H. K. Vedavyasacharya\|year = 1990\|page=92}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=March of Karnataka, Volume 20\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zBOLQLy_cwC\|publisher=Director of Information and Publicity, Government of Karnataka\|year=1982\|page=17}}</ref> When the Revenue officials were unable to comply with this order, Sir Thomas Munro visited the Math for investigation. He removed his hat and shoes and entered the sacred precincts. Sri Raghavendraswamy emerged from the Vrindavan and conversed with him for some time, about the resumption of endowment. The Saint was visible and audible only to Munro, who received Mantraskata (God's blessing).<ref>{{cite book\|title=Magic Past Lives: Reclaiming Your Secret Wisdom\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lRxnDwAAQBAJ\|page=122\|author=Atasha Fyfe\|date = April 2013\|publisher=Hay House Inc\|isbn = 9781848509559\|access-date=1 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> The Collector went back and wrote an order in favour of the Math and the village. This notification was published in the Madras Government Gazette in Chapter XI, page 213, with the caption "Manchali Adoni Taluka". This order is still preserved in Fort St. George and Mantralayam.{{sfn\|The Hindu staff\|~~2022~~}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gururaghavendra1.org/miracragh.htm \|title=Miracles performed by Guru Raghavendra\|access-date=19 March ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=The Ten Commandments of Hinduism\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlgqAAAAYAAJ\|page=159\|publisher=Wiley Eastern Limited\|author=Visvanatha Krishnamurthy\|year = 1994\|access-date=24 May 2018\|isbn=9788122406283}}</ref>		The village of [[Mantralayam]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] is where the famous [[Dvaita]] saint [[Raghavendra Swami]] is located. An anecdote of Sir Thomas Munro is told about this place. When Sir Thomas Munro was the Collector of [[Bellary]] in 1800, the Madras Government ordered him to procure the annual tax from the Math and Manthralaya village.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Jagadguru Sri Raghavendra Swamy\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlkqAAAAYAAJ\|publisher=Sri Parimala Research and Publishing House\|author=H. K. Vedavyasacharya\|year = 1990\|page=92}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=March of Karnataka, Volume 20\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zBOLQLy_cwC\|publisher=Director of Information and Publicity, Government of Karnataka\|year=1982\|page=17}}</ref> When the Revenue officials were unable to comply with this order, Sir Thomas Munro visited the Math for investigation. He removed his hat and shoes and entered the sacred precincts. Sri Raghavendraswamy emerged from the Vrindavan and conversed with him for some time, about the resumption of endowment. The Saint was visible and audible only to Munro, who received Mantraskata (God's blessing).<ref>{{cite book\|title=Magic Past Lives: Reclaiming Your Secret Wisdom\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lRxnDwAAQBAJ\|page=122\|author=Atasha Fyfe\|date = April 2013\|publisher=Hay House Inc\|isbn = 9781848509559\|access-date=1 April 2013}}</ref> The Collector went back and wrote an order in favour of the Math and the village. This notification was published in the Madras Government Gazette in Chapter XI, page 213, with the caption "Manchali Adoni Taluka". This order is still preserved in Fort St. George and Mantralayam.{{sfn\|The Hindu staff\|2002}}<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gururaghavendra1.org/miracragh.htm \|title=Miracles performed by Guru Raghavendra\|access-date=19 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=The Ten Commandments of Hinduism\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlgqAAAAYAAJ\|page=159\|publisher=Wiley Eastern Limited\|author=Visvanatha Krishnamurthy\|year = 1994\|access-date=24 May 2018\|isbn=9788122406283}}</ref>

	==Statue==		==Statue==
	{{Main\|Statue of Thomas Munro}}		{{Main\|Statue of Thomas Munro}}
	Sculpted by [[Francis Chantrey]], and sitting proud and straight on his horse, in the middle of Chennai's famed Island, is The Stirrupless Majesty.{{sfn\|Muthiah\|~~2022~~}} Either due to an oversight, or depicting his affinity for bareback riding, Sir Thomas Munro's statue shows him without saddle and stirrup.{{sfn\|Gopalakrishnan\|~~2022~~}}		Sculpted by [[Francis Chantrey]], and sitting proud and straight on his horse, in the middle of Chennai's famed Island, is The Stirrupless Majesty.{{sfn\|Muthiah\|2003}} Either due to an oversight, or depicting his affinity for bareback riding, Sir Thomas Munro's statue shows him without saddle and stirrup.{{sfn\|Gopalakrishnan\|2006}}

	==See also==		==See also==
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	==References==		==References==
	*{{Citation\|last=Gopalakrishnan \|first=ChandraChoodan \|date=23 March 2006 \|title=The stirrup-less majesty \|publisher=Chennai Metblogs.com \|url=http://chennai.metblogs.com/2006/03/23/the-stirrup-less-majesty\|access-date=10 December ~~2022~~}}		*{{Citation\|last=Gopalakrishnan \|first=ChandraChoodan \|date=23 March 2006 \|title=The stirrup-less majesty \|publisher=Chennai Metblogs.com \|url=http://chennai.metblogs.com/2006/03/23/the-stirrup-less-majesty\|access-date=10 December 2006}}
	*{{Citation\|last=Mackenzie \|first=Alexander \|year=1898 \|title=History of the Munros of Fowlis \|pages=369, 427–430}}{{Full citation needed\|date=November ~~2022~~}}		*{{Citation\|last=Mackenzie \|first=Alexander \|year=1898 \|title=History of the Munros of Fowlis \|pages=369, 427–430}}{{Full citation needed\|date=November 2011}}
	*{{Citation\|last=McLaren\|first=Martha\|title=British India & British Scotland, 1780–1830: Career Building, Empire Building, and a Scottish School of Thought on Indian Governance\|url=http://www3.uakron.edu/uapress/pdfs/mclarenweb.pdf\|year=2001\|publisher=University of Akron Press\|isbn=978-1-884836-73-2\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515223047/http://www3.uakron.edu/uapress/pdfs/mclarenweb.pdf\|archive-date=15 May 2008\|df=dmy-all}}		*{{Citation\|last=McLaren\|first=Martha\|title=British India & British Scotland, 1780–1830: Career Building, Empire Building, and a Scottish School of Thought on Indian Governance\|url=http://www3.uakron.edu/uapress/pdfs/mclarenweb.pdf\|year=2001\|publisher=University of Akron Press\|isbn=978-1-884836-73-2\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515223047/http://www3.uakron.edu/uapress/pdfs/mclarenweb.pdf\|archive-date=15 May 2008\|df=dmy-all}}
	*{{Citation\|last=Muthiah \|first=S. \|date=4 June 2003 \|title=Relics of Company times \|work=The Hindu \|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/04/stories/2003060400180300.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040509013013/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/04/stories/2003060400180300.htm \|url-status=usurped \|archive-date=9 May 2004 \|access-date=11 April ~~2022~~}}		*{{Citation\|last=Muthiah \|first=S. \|date=4 June 2003 \|title=Relics of Company times \|work=The Hindu \|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/04/stories/2003060400180300.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040509013013/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/04/stories/2003060400180300.htm \|url-status=usurped \|archive-date=9 May 2004 \|access-date=11 April 2007}}
	*{{Citation\|author=The Hindu staff \|date=18 October 2002 \|title=Manthralayam for that healing touch \|location=Chennai, India \|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/18/stories/2002101801350500.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030630054436/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/18/stories/2002101801350500.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=30 June 2003\|work=[[The Hindu]] \|access-date=19 March 2010 }}		*{{Citation\|author=The Hindu staff \|date=18 October 2002 \|title=Manthralayam for that healing touch \|location=Chennai, India \|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/18/stories/2002101801350500.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030630054436/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/18/stories/2002101801350500.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=30 June 2003\|work=[[The Hindu]] \|access-date=19 March 2010 }}
	*{{Citation\|author=The Hindu staff \|date=26 July 2010 \|title=Unsung hero of Madras \|location=Chennai, India \|work=The Hindu \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/magazine/article534676.ece\|access-date=28 July ~~2022~~}}		*{{Citation\|author=The Hindu staff \|date=26 July 2010 \|title=Unsung hero of Madras \|location=Chennai, India \|work=The Hindu \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/magazine/article534676.ece\|access-date=28 July 2010}}

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{{short description|Scottish soldier and colonial administrator}}
{{about|the general and colonial governor|other people|Thomas Munro (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = '''[[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major-General]]''' '''[[Knight|Sir]]'''
| name = Thomas Munro, Bt
| honorific-suffix = '''[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|KCB]]'''
| image = Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Bt by Sir Martin Archer Shee.jpg
| order1 = [[List of Governors of Madras|Governor of Madras]]
| term_start1 = 10 June 1820
| term_end1 = 10 July 1827
| predecessor1 = Sir [[Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet|George Barlow, Bt]]
| successor1 = [[Stephen Rumbold Lushington]]
| governor-general1= [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|The Marquess of Hastings]] [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst|The Earl Amhurst]]
| birth_date = 27 May 1761
| birth_place = [[Glasgow]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1827|07|06|1761|07|25}}
| death_place = [[Pattikonda]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now: [[Pattikonda|Pattikonda, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh]])<ref name="Bradshaw">{{cite book|title=Sir Thomas Munro and the British settlement of the Madras Presidency|first=John|last=Bradshaw|year=1893|publisher=Oxford University Press|place=London|pages=210–212}}</ref>
| nationality = British
| party =
| religion =
| alma_mater = [[University of Glasgow]]
| profession =
| occupation =
| spouse =
|allegiance= {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
|branch= [[Madras Army]]
| serviceyears =1779–1827
| rank =[[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major-General]]
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles =[[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]
| battles_label =
| awards =[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|KCB]]
}}
[[File:Sir. Thomas Munro's Statue, Madras (MacLeod, p.124, 1871) - Copy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sir. Thomas Munro's Statue, Madras (MacLeod, p.124, 1871)<ref name=MacLeod>{{cite book|last1=MacLeod|first1=Norman|title=Peeps at the Far East: A Familiar Account of a Visit to India|date=1871|publisher=Strahan & Co.|location=London|url=http://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QadleVqcjfjXdbL76hLpHAlKGquS182cWZd25oDvHR0IWujwaV1l7F_v1EzHArXZcnWj3BCM-XsUlMsYj7__NZpsDu5ZTBjIEa-Je4nUviK_cS0zTCcmeWuZVce-2hlBmT0VXBzakDA55LhS7Ks7poEMlLrKnXJcMpjQup_ghtwNoJh69hUdujOZGqcU2xTzda2aMzjOgJdRtY_0_PdT9-GwCL2TmJUKyQ8Txmh1vXVRqmh8Za66nRaLrcfn3r-fz3ojiUlW_9Jn7R8VCgYAeiOWENYfQYyhGtgO9GCRXWMIQNfZiPo|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref>]]
[[File:Thomas Munro statue.jpg|thumb|250px|Equestrian statue of Thomas Munro in [[The Island, Chennai]]]]

[[Major-General (United Kingdom)|Major-General]] '''Sir Thomas Munro''' [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|KCB]] (27 May 1761{{snd}}6 July 1827) was a Scottish [[British Army|soldier]] and [[colonial administrator]]. He served as an [[East India Company|East India Company Army]] officer and statesman, in addition to also being the governor of [[Madras Presidency]].

==Background==
Munro was born in Glasgow on 27 May 1761 to the Glaswegian [[merchant]] Alexander Munro. Thomas' grandfather was a tailor, who prospered by successful investments in [[Thirteen Colonies|American]] [[tobacco]]. After working as a bank [[clerk (position)|clerk]], Alexander Munro joined the family's prosperous tobacco business, but was ruined by the collapse of the tobacco trade during the [[American Revolutionary War]].{{sfn|McLaren|2001|pp=15–16}} Thomas was also claimed to be a direct descendant of [[George Munro, 10th Baron of Foulis]] (died 1452), chief of the Highland [[Clan Munro]],{{sfn|Mackenzie|1898|pp=359{{snd}}376 and p. 342 }} but clan historian R. W. Munro has contested this claim.

Thomas was educated at the [[University of Glasgow]]. While at school, Thomas was distinguished for a singular openness of temper, a mild and generous disposition, with great personal courage and presence of mind. Being naturally of a robust frame of body, he surpassed all his school-fellows in athletic exercises, and was particularly eminent as a boxer. He was at first intended to enter his father's business, but in 1779 was appointed to an infantry cadet ship in [[Madras]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Military career==
He served with his regiment during the hard-fought war against [[Hyder Ali]] (1780–1783), under his namesake Major Sir [[Hector Munro, 8th of Novar]].{{sfn|Mackenzie|1898|p=369}} Thomas also later served alongside another namesake [[John Munro, 9th of Teaninich]].{{sfn|Mackenzie|1898|pp=427–430}} Thomas served again with his regiment in the first campaign against [[Tipu Sultan]] (1790–1792). He was then chosen as one of four military officers to administer part of the territory captured from Tipu, where he remained for seven years learning the principles of revenue survey and assessment which he afterwards applied throughout the presidency of Madras. After the final downfall of Tipu in 1799, he spent a short time restoring order in [[Kanara]]; and then for another seven years (1800–1807) he was placed in charge of the [[Ceded Districts|northern districts]] ceded by the [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]], where he introduced the [[ryotwari]] system of land revenue. After a long furlough in [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]], during which he gave valuable evidence upon matters connected with the renewal of the [[East India Company]]'s charter, he returned to Madras in 1814 with special instructions to reform the judicial and police systems.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

On the outbreak of the [[Pindari War]] in 1817, he was appointed as brigadier-general to command the reserve division formed to reduce the southern territories of the [[Peshwa]]. Of his services on this occasion [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Lord Canning]] said in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]:

{{quote|He went into the field with not more than five or six hundred men, of whom a very small proportion were Europeans .... Nine forts were surrendered to him or taken by assault on his way; and at the end of a silent and scarcely observed progress he emerged... leaving everything secure and tranquil behind him.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}}}

In 1819 Munro was appointed a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] (KCB).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=17540 |date=30 November 1819 |page=2146}}</ref>

==Governor of Madras==
In 1819, he was appointed [[governor of Madras]], where he founded systems of revenue assessment and general administration which substantially persisted into the twentieth century. He is regarded as the father of the '[[Ryotwari|Ryotwari system]]'. His official minutes, published by Sir A. Arbuthnot, form a manual of experience and advice for the modern civilian. Munro was created a '''Baronet''' in 1825.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=18151 |date=2 July 1825 |page=1155}}</ref> He died of [[cholera]] on 6 July 1827 while on tour in the [[ceded districts]], where his name is preserved by more than one memorial. An equestrian statue of him, by [[Francis Legatt Chantrey]], stands in Madras city.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}At his behest a Committee of public instruction was formed in 1826, which eventually led to the formation of Presidency College.<ref>{{cite web|title=Presidency College: The Origin and Growth|url=http://www.presidencychennai.com/history.html}}</ref>

==Incidents at Mantralayam and Gandi (Andhra Pradesh)==
[[File:Memorial Sir. Thomas Munro, St. Mary's Cathedral, Madras.jpg|thumb|left|Memorial Sir. Thomas Munro, [[St. Mary's Church, Chennai|St. Mary's Church, Madras]]]]
The village of [[Mantralayam]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] is where the famous [[Dvaita]] saint [[Raghavendra Swami]] is located. An anecdote of Sir Thomas Munro is told about this place. When Sir Thomas Munro was the Collector of [[Bellary]] in 1800, the Madras Government ordered him to procure the annual tax from the Math and Manthralaya village.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jagadguru Sri Raghavendra Swamy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlkqAAAAYAAJ|publisher=Sri Parimala Research and Publishing House|author=H. K. Vedavyasacharya|year = 1990|page=92}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=March of Karnataka, Volume 20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zBOLQLy_cwC|publisher=Director of Information and Publicity, Government of Karnataka|year=1982|page=17}}</ref> When the Revenue officials were unable to comply with this order, Sir Thomas Munro visited the Math for investigation. He removed his hat and shoes and entered the sacred precincts. Sri Raghavendraswamy emerged from the Vrindavan and conversed with him for some time, about the resumption of endowment. The Saint was visible and audible only to Munro, who received Mantraskata (God's blessing).<ref>{{cite book|title=Magic Past Lives: Reclaiming Your Secret Wisdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lRxnDwAAQBAJ|page=122|author=Atasha Fyfe|date = April 2013|publisher=Hay House Inc|isbn = 9781848509559|access-date=1 April 2013}}</ref> The Collector went back and wrote an order in favour of the Math and the village. This notification was published in the Madras Government Gazette in Chapter XI, page 213, with the caption "Manchali Adoni Taluka". This order is still preserved in Fort St. George and Mantralayam.{{sfn|The Hindu staff|2002}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gururaghavendra1.org/miracragh.htm |title=Miracles performed by Guru Raghavendra|access-date=19 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Ten Commandments of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlgqAAAAYAAJ|page=159|publisher=Wiley Eastern Limited|author=Visvanatha Krishnamurthy|year = 1994|access-date=24 May 2018|isbn=9788122406283}}</ref>

[[Gandi Kshetram]] is located in Kadapa district of today's state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is known for its Veeraanjaneya temple, dedicated to Lord [[Hanuman]]. It is believed that the main deity in the temple is a picture that was drawn by none other than Lord Rama, the protagonist of the great Indian epic, [[Ramayana]], with the tip of his arrow. As the auspicious minutes to return to Ayodhya were closing, he left in a hurry in the Pushpaka [[Vimana]], leaving the portrait unfinished. The non-existent little toe on the main deity's left leg corroborates this fact. The River Papaghni flows through the gap between the two hills where this temple is located. It is believed that [[Vayu]] Deva, the Wind God built an arch of mango leaves in gold from one hill to the other to welcome Lord Rama and his brother Lakshmana, when they were returning to Ayodhya after killing the demon King Ravana in Lanka. It is said that this arch exists to this day and can be seen only by great and the most virtuous human beings. When Sir Munro was the Collector of Dattamandalam in the Madras Presidency, he was able to notice this golden arch with his eyes. This rarest occurrence was recorded in the Kadapa Gazette and was noted in Sir Munro's diary as well, by himself.

==Statue==
{{Main|Statue of Thomas Munro}}
Sculpted by [[Francis Chantrey]], and sitting proud and straight on his horse, in the middle of Chennai's famed Island, is The Stirrupless Majesty.{{sfn|Muthiah|2003}} Either due to an oversight, or depicting his affinity for bareback riding, Sir Thomas Munro's statue shows him without saddle and stirrup.{{sfn|Gopalakrishnan|2006}}
{{clear}}

==See also==
*[[Munro Baronets]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{Citation|last=Gopalakrishnan |first=ChandraChoodan |date=23 March 2006 |title=The stirrup-less majesty |publisher=Chennai Metblogs.com |url=http://chennai.metblogs.com/2006/03/23/the-stirrup-less-majesty|access-date=10 December 2006}}
*{{Citation|last=Mackenzie |first=Alexander |year=1898 |title=History of the Munros of Fowlis |pages=369, 427–430}}{{Full citation needed|date=November 2011}}
*{{Citation|last=McLaren|first=Martha|title=British India & British Scotland, 1780–1830: Career Building, Empire Building, and a Scottish School of Thought on Indian Governance|url=http://www3.uakron.edu/uapress/pdfs/mclarenweb.pdf|year=2001|publisher=University of Akron Press|isbn=978-1-884836-73-2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515223047/http://www3.uakron.edu/uapress/pdfs/mclarenweb.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2008|df=dmy-all}}
*{{Citation|last=Muthiah |first=S. |date=4 June 2003 |title=Relics of Company times |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/04/stories/2003060400180300.htm |access-date=11 April 2007}}
*{{Citation|author=The Hindu staff |date=18 October 2002 |title=Manthralayam for that healing touch |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/18/stories/2002101801350500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030630054436/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/18/stories/2002101801350500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 June 2003|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=19 March 2010 }}
*{{Citation|author=The Hindu staff |date=26 July 2010 |title=Unsung hero of Madras |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/magazine/article534676.ece|access-date=28 July 2010}}

'''Attribution:'''
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Munro, Thomas|volume=19|page=11}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite ODNB|id=19549|title=Munro, Sir Thomas}}
*{{DNB Cite |last=Arbuthnot |first=Alexander John |wstitle=Munro, Thomas |volume=39 |page=309–313|ref=none}}
*{{Citation |last1=Harrington| first1=Jack| year=2010| title=Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India, Chs. 2 & 5. | publisher=New York: [[Palgrave Macmillan]].| isbn=978-0-230-10885-1|ref=none}}
*{{Citation |last=Stein |first=Burton |year=1990 |title=Thomas Munro: The Origins of the Colonial State and his Vision of Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn= 0-19-562331-2|ref=none}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | title = [[Governor of Madras]] | years = 1820–1827 | before = [[Hugh Elliot]] | after = [[Henry Sullivan Graeme]] (acting) }}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Munro Baronets|Baronet]] '''(of Lindertis)''' | years=1825–1827}}
{{s-aft | after= Thomas Munro }}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Munro, Thomas}}
[[Category:1761 births]]
[[Category:1827 deaths]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People from Glasgow]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Deaths from cholera]]
[[Category:Clan Munro|Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet of Linderits]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in India]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army generals]]
[[Category:Scottish generals]]
[[Category:Scottish knights]]
[[Category:Scottish civil servants]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Mysore War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Mysore War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Maratha War]]