Khorang: Put Up First Details With Sources

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Put Up First Details With Sources

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[[File:Francis Macnaghten Kirkwood.jpg|thumb|Sir Francis Workman-Macnaghten, 1st Baronet]]
'''Sir Francis Workman-Macnaghten, 1st Baronet''' (1763–1843) was an [[Anglo-Irish]] judge in India.<ref>{{cite DIB|title=Macnaghten, Sir Francis Workman, Baronet}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was the son of Edmund MacNaghten of Beardiville, [[Co. Antrim]], and his second wife Hannah Johnstone of Belfast, and younger brother of [[Edmond Alexander MacNaghten]], Member of Parliament for [[County Antrim (UK Parliament constituency)|County Antrim]] and [[Orford (UK Parliament constituency)|Orford]].<ref name="HoP">{{cite web |title=MacNaghten, Edmond Alexander (1762-1832), of Beardiville, co. Antrim and Duke Street, St. James's, Mdx., History of Parliament Online |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/macnaghten-edmond-1762-1832 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org}}</ref><ref name="Collen">{{cite book |last1=Collen |first1=G. W. |title=The Baronetage of England. revised, corrected and continued by G.W. Collen |date=1840 |pages=306–307 |url=https://archive.org/details/baronetageengla00debrgoog/page/364/mode/1up |language=English}}</ref> He was also a [[first cousin]] of [[Half Hung MacNaghten]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lunney |first1=Linde |title=MacNaghten, John |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/macnaghten-john-a5272 |website=www.dib.ie}}</ref>

Macnaghten was admitted to [[Lincoln's Inn]] in 1784.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lincoln's Inn |title=Admissions|volume=I 1420-1799 |date=1896 |publisher=Lincoln's Inn |page=511 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ehw1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA511 |language=en}}</ref>

==In India==
Macnaghten sailed to India in 1791 on the ''[[Lord Camden (1783 EIC ship)|Lord Camden]]'' with his wife and two small children.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Spencer |editor-first1=Alfred |title=Memoirs Of William Hickey| volume=IV |date=1923 |page=33 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41514/page/n49/mode/1up}}</ref> He was appointed a barrister of the [[Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William]] that year.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer |date=1841 |publisher=W. Rushton and Co. |page=238 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Va740KpQX0C&pg=RA2-PA238 |language=en}}</ref> [[William Hickey (memoirist)|William Hickey]], who knew him socially, wrote

<blockquote>[Macnaghten] was a fine, high-spirited, honourable young man: by nature of a violent temper, but he possessed sufficient resolution not only to curb, but in great measure to correct the infirmity [...]<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Spencer |editor-first1=Alfred |title=Memoirs Of William Hickey| volume=IV |date=1923 |page=44 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41514/page/n60/mode/1up}}</ref></blockquote>

Macnaghten became Sheriff of Fort William in 1797, and took on Hickey as his deputy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Charles |title=The Sheriffs of Fort William From 1775 To 1926 |date=1926 |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co. |location=Calcutta |page=502 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84345/page/n603/mode/1up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Spencer |editor-first1=Alfred |title=Memoirs Of William Hickey| volume=IV |date=1923 |page=152 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41514/page/n168/mode/1up}}</ref> At this period, Hickey resolved a quarrel between Macnaghten and [[Sir William Burroughs, 1st Baronet|William Burroughs]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Charles |title=The Sheriffs of Fort William From 1775 To 1926 |date=1926 |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co. |location=Calcutta |page=502 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84345/page/n603/mode/1up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Spencer |editor-first1=Alfred |title=Memoirs Of William Hickey| volume=IV |date=1923 |pages=174–177 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41514/page/n190/mode/1up}}</ref>

Dissatisfied with Calcutta,<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Spencer |editor-first1=Alfred |title=Memoirs Of William Hickey| volume=IV |date=1923 |page=273 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41514/page/n289/mode/1up}}</ref> Macnaghten and his family returned to the United Kingdom on the ''[[Charlton (1798 EIC ship)|Charlton]]'', leaving at the end of 1803.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Spencer |editor-first1=Alfred |title=Memoirs Of William Hickey| volume=IV |date=1923 |page=281 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41514/page/n297/mode/1up}}</ref> In 1809 he was appointed a justice of the [[Supreme Court of Madras]], and was knighted.<ref name="Collen"/>

Macnaghten changed his name in 1823, adding Workman to his surname, after a cousin Caroline Workman who died unmarried;<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=17903 |date=11 March 1823 |page=394}}</ref> This change was a condition placed on a legacy, the estate of Mahan, [[Co. Armagh]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Macnaghten |first1=Angus Derek Iain Jacques |title=The chiefs of clan Macnachtan and their descendants |date=1951 |publisher=Windsor, for the Author |page=103 |url=https://archive.org/details/chiefsofclanmacn00macn/page/106/mode/1up}}</ref> He retired from the Indian Bench in 1825.<ref name="Collen"/> It came after his seniority had been disregarded in the appointment as [[Chief Justice of Calcutta]] of [[Charles Edward Grey]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=11528|first=Katherine|last=Prior|title=Grey, Sir Charles Edward (1785–1865)}}</ref>

==Later life==
Returning to Ireland, Workman-Macnaghten initially resided at [[Roe Park]].<ref name="AR1827">{{cite book |title=The Annual Register |date=1827 |page=207 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WeNGAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA207 |language=en}}</ref> He had a castellated house built at Dunderave, near [[Bushmills, County Antrim]], c.1837. The 2nd Baronet demolished it and in 1847 had an Italianate house built, [[Dundarave House]] designed by [[Charles Lanyon]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bence-Jones |first1=Mark|authorlink=Mark Bence-Jones |title=A Guide to Irish Country Houses |date=1990 |publisher=Constable |isbn=978-0-09-469990-8 |page=114 |language=en}}</ref>

Workman-Macnaghten built schools at Bushmills and Ballyworkan, Drumcree ([[County Armagh]]) and a courthouse at Bushmills.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Samuel |title=A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland: Comprising the Several Counties, Cities, Boroughs Corporate, Market, and Post Towns, Parishes and Villages |date=1840 |publisher=Lewis |pages=235 and 514 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MQ_AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA235 |language=en}}</ref> Adding also a hotel, twice-weekly market and corn store, he is considered to have launched the economic growth of Bushmills in the 1820s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Alex F. |title=Old Portrush, Bushmills and the Giant's Causeway |date=2002 |publisher=Stenlake Publishing |isbn=978-1-84033-189-9 |page=3 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Bushmills, Old Courthouse - geograph.org.uk - 5838278.jpg|thumb|Old Courthouse, Bushmills, 2018 photograph]]
[[File:Plaque, Bushmills Courthouse - geograph.org.uk - 3977227.jpg|thumb|Plaque, Old Courthouse, Bushmills]]

==Works==
* ''Considerations on the Hindoo Law, as it is Current in Bengal'' (1824).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Macnaghten |first1=Sir Francis Workman |title=Considerations on the Hindoo Law, as it is Current in Bengal |date=1824 |publisher=Mission Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sJVeAAAAcAAJ |language=en}}</ref> Its Preface was critical of [[Jagannath Tarka Panchanan]] and his work for [[Sir William Jones]] in compiling ''Vivadabhangarnava''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Neeladri |title=The Great Agrarian Conquest: The Colonial Reshaping of a Rural World |date=1 September 2019 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-1-4384-7741-1 |pages=193–194 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rq2uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 |language=en}}</ref> [[Thomas Babington Macaulay]] in an 1833 speech used Macnaghten as an authority: "Sir Francis Macnaghten tells us, that it is a delusion to fancy that there is any known and fixed law under which the Hindoo people live; that texts may be produced on any side of any question; that expositors equal in authority perpetually contradict each other: that the obsolete law is perpetually confounded with the law actually in force; and that the first lesson to be impressed on a functionary who has to administer Hindoo law is that it is vain to think of extracting certainty from the books of the jurist."<ref>[[s:Government of India]]</ref> [[J. Duncan M. Derrett]] criticised both Workman-Macnaghten and his son's works, and that of [[Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange]] on the same area, as "too brief"; and in particular considered the former "vitiated by the Bengal school of thought".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Derrett |first1=John Duncan Martin |title=Essays in Classical and Modern Hindu Law: Current problems and the legacy of the past |date=1978 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-05753-1 |page=171 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IEeAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA171 |language=en}}</ref> Where Macnaghten emphasised the usefulness of "factum valet" (the Latin tag ''quod fieri non debet factum valet'' or the fact cannot be altered despite circumstances), Derrett argues that Macnaghten erred in that this attitude may have been significant in the Bengal school of interpretation of Sanskrit legal authorities, but other schools of Hindu law took opposing views.<ref>{{cite book |title=Essays in Classical and Modern Hindu Law: Volume 3: Anglo-Hindu Legal Problems |date=17 April 2023 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-64390-1 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uP7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''A View of the Catholic Question as it Relates to Ireland'' (1828), a pamphlet in favour of [[Catholic relief]], at a time when his politician brother Edmond opposed it.<ref name="HoP"/>
* ''Poor Laws—Ireland: Observations Upon the Report of George Nicholls'' (1838)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Macnaghten |first1=Sir Francis Workman |title=Poor Laws - Ireland: Observations Upon the Report of George Nicholls |date=1838 |publisher=Longman and Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kisMAQAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>

==Family==
Macnaghten married Letitia Dunkin, daughter of [[William Dunkin (judge)|William Dunkin]] and Eliza Blacker; they had six sons and 11 daughters.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=John |title=A genealogical and heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1835 |publisher=Colburn |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0I9AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA51 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Burke">{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=John |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank: But Uninvested with Heritable Honours |date=1835 |publisher=Henry Colburn |page=307 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJFIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA307 |language=en}}</ref> The two eldest children returned from Bengal, sailing at the end of 1795 with Letitia's widowed sister Rachel Elliot.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hickey |first1=William |title=Memoirs of William Hickey|volume=4 |date=1925 |publisher=Hurst & Blackett |location=London |page=128 |language=en}}</ref> Of the children:

* Their daughter Caroline married in 1824 Alfred Chapman, fifth son of Abel Chapman of [[Whitby]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=John |last2=Burke |first2=Bernard |title=A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1849 |publisher=Henry Colburn, Publisher|location=Great Marlborough Street, London |page=62 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVI4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA62 |language=en}}</ref> They met on board the ''[[Woodford (1819 ship)|Woodford]]'' of which Chapman, a sea captain, was the master, on a voyage.<ref>{{cite web |title=The ship WOODFORD, Captain Alfred Chapman, on the 11 February 1824, on her Passage from Madras to England |url=https://collections.sea.museum/objects/147029/the-ship-woodford-captain-alfred-chapman-on-the-11-februar |website=collections.sea.museum}}</ref>
* Eliza Serena, married in 1813 Major-General Robert Sewell and was mother of [[Francis Hill Sewell]].<ref name="Burke"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The Gentleman's Magazine |date=1863 |publisher=F. Jefferies |page=119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0lDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA119 |language=en}}</ref>
* Maria (died 1881), sixth daughter, married in 1822 Thomas Robarts Thellusson, son of [[Charles Thellusson]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage, and Companionage |date=1934 |page=1587 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InoHD0N_Jp0C&pg=PA1587 |language=en}}</ref>
* Alicia (died 1864) married in 1826 Captain George Probyn, of the [[Bombay Marine]]. [[Dighton Probyn]] VC was their son.<ref name="AR1827"/><ref>{{cite ODNB|id=46661|first=James|last=Lunt|title=Probyn, Sir Dighton Macnaghten (1833–1924)}}</ref>
* The eldest son [[Edmund Workman-Macnaghten|Edmund Charles Workman-Macnachten]] (1790–1876) was Member of Parliament for [[Antrim (UK Parliament constituency)|Antrim]].<ref name="MED">{{cite book |last1=Boase |first1=Frederic |title=Modern English Biography |date=1897 |publisher=Netherton and Worth, For the author |page=665|volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_IVmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA665 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[William Hay Macnaghten]] (1793–1841), second son, was born at Fort William. He worked as a court official and diplomat, writing on Hindu law as his father had, and was killed in the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=Katherine|last=Prior|title=Macnaghten, Sir William Hay, baronet (1793–1841)|year=2004|id=17705}}</ref>
* [[Elliot Macnaghten]] (1807–1888), fourth son, was chairman of the [[East India Company]] in 1855.<ref name="MED"/>

==Legacy==
His unmarried brother Edmond put the position of [[clan chief]] of [[Clan MacNaghten]] on a legal basis with a patent in 1818. On his death in 1832, Workman-Macnaghten became chief, and it became hereditary in the baronetcy.<ref name="HoP"/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macnaghten, Francis}}
[[Category:1763 births]]
[[Category:1843 deaths]]
[[Category:Irish barristers]]
[[Category:Irish legal writers]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People from County Antrim]]
[[Category:Ulster Scots people]]
[[Category:Expatriate judges from Ireland]]

Sir Francis Workman-Macnaghten, 1st Baronet - Revision history

Khorang: Put Up First Details With Sources