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{{About|the municipality in Madhya Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Singrauli District}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{multiple issues|{{cleanup reorganize|date=January 2013}}
{{peacock|date=January 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2007}}}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Singrauli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Urjanchal<br>Urjādhānī
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = Energy capital of India
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.202|N|82.666|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Singrauli district|Singrauli]]
| subdivision_type4 = Division
| subdivision_name4 = [[Rewa Division|Rewa]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipal
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2200
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name='Census Info'/>
| elevation_m = 463
| population_footnotes = <ref name='Census Info'>{{cite web|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/india/madhyapradesh/singrauli/2341705000__singrauli/|title=Madhya Pradesh (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=citypopulation.de|accessdate=3 January 2021}}</ref>
| population_total = 220257
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Indian English|English]]
|demographics1_title2 =Regional
|demographics1_info2=[[Bagheli language|Bagheli]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 486886
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07805
| registration_plate = MP-66
| website = {{URL|www.singrauli.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Singrauli''' is a city in [[Singrauli district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and Commissionaire of Rewa. It lies about {{convert|26|km}} from the district headquarters of [[Waidhan]].

==History==
The area in the eastern part of the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and the adjoining southern part of [[Sonebhadra district]] in the state of UP is collectively known as [[Singrauli Region]]. [[Singrauli]] is emerging as [[India's energy capital]]. The place earlier known as [[Shringavali]], named after the sage [[Shringi]], was once covered with dense and unnavigable forests and inhabited by wild animals. The place was considered so treacherous that it was used by the kings of [[Rewa State]], who ruled the area till [[1947]], as an open air prison for detaining errant civilians and officers.

In the 1800s, there were three separate rulers of [[Singrauli]] (previously known as [[Sidhi]]), ruling three parts of the territory:

First were the [[Chandela]] rulers from [[Bardi (Khatai)]] State, the biggest state in the region. [[Chitrangi]], [[Deosar]] and
[[Sihawal]] and district [[Sidhi]] are the parts of [[Bardi State]]. There is a [[Chandel King's]] old fort in Bardi has already taken by ASI.

Second was Rajasahab Madwas, He was a Baland Rajput, ruled in Majhauli block mostly.

Third was Rajababa of [[Singrauli|Singrauli Village]].

[[Raja Sahab]] [[Kant Deo Singh]] of [[Bardi (Khatai)]] continues to live in the ancestral Haveli located on the banks of the river Sone. He is the [[Vice President]] of State Council of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] [[Madhya Pradesh]] .<ref> [[Chandel (Rajput clan)#Zamindari estates]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=November 2017}}

Just two generations ago, small holders were tending their parcels of land here, and the original inhabitants were gathering honey and herbs in the forest. In the late fifties, a large scale dam banked up the water of the River [[Rihand]]. The dam known as [[Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar]] was inaugurated by [[Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru]] in 1962. Later, rich coal deposits spread over an area of 2200 km<sup>2</sup> in the state of M.P. (eastern part of Sidhi District) and U.P. (southern part of Sonebhadra District) were discovered close to the artificial lake that could be used to generate electricity.<ref>http://www.singrauli.nic.in</ref>

On 24 May 2008, Madhya Pradesh government declared [[Singrauli]] as its [[50th district]] by separating from [[Sidhi]] with 3 tehsils, Singrauli, [[Chitrangi]] and [[Deosar]]. On 1 April 2012 two new tehsils were added, Mada and Sarai.

This area has group of rock cut caves made in the 7-8th century AD in [[Mada]], 32 km from Waidhan. The [[Mada caves]] are situated in Mada tehsil of Singrauli district. Famous caves include [[Vivah Mada]], [[Ganesh Mada]] and [[Shankar Mada]], [[Jaljalia]] and [[Ravan Mada]].

Besides rock cut caves, Singrauli also has painted rock shelters. [[Ranimachi]], [[Dholagiri]] and Goura pahad lie in [[Chitrangi]] tehsil of Singrauli. These painted rock shelters belong to the Mesolithic age of [[microlith]]ic implements culture. These paintings are representative of the early history of Indian art and are made of red ochre.

Pollution threatens the shelters. Connectivity by road is almost good. The connectivity by road is good now but no public transport is available . This place is dangerous too after 6 pm because there are wild animals @nd spirits also . the place is said to be somewhat haunted at night
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mptourism.com/web/unknown/index.html|title = Welcome to Madhya Pradesh (MP) Tourism - Official Government Website}}</ref>

==Government==
*Commissioner of Rewa Division (Commissionaire of Rewa) supervision in District Administration of Singrauli
*District Collector/District Magistrate office (Collectorate) situated is District Headquarters Town Waidhan

Singrauli Forest :
Conservator of Rewa circle, Supervision in District forest of Singrauli
*District forest officer(DFO) office is situated in the District Headquarter town of Waidhan

Singrauli District Police Force:
*Inspector General of Police (IGP) Rewa Zone, Rewa supervision in District Force of Singrauli
*Superintendent of Police (SP) office situated is District Headquarter Town Waidhan

==Demographics==

Out of the total Singrauli population for 2011 census, 19.25 percent lives in urban regions of district. In total 226,786 people lives in urban areas of which males are 120,313 and females are 106,473.
Sex ratio in urban region of Singrauli district is 885 as per 2011 census data.

Similarly child sex ratio in Singrauli district was 899 in 2011 census.
Child population (0-6) in urban region was 30,804, of which males and females were 16,219 and 14,585. This child population figure of Singrauli district is 13.48% of the total urban population.

Average literacy rate in Singrauli district as per census 2011 is 75.51% of which males and females are 83.97% and 65.93% literates respectively. In actual number 147,990 people are literate in urban region of which males and females are 87,408 and 60,582 respectively.
{{see also|List of cities in Madhya Pradesh}}

==Transport==
District Headquarter is approximately 30 km from [[Singrauli railway station|Singrauli Morwa station]], which has train connectivity. Singrauli is well connected to major Indian Cities such as Delhi, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Jabalpur, Bhopal, Lucknow, Varanasi, Patna, Jamshedpur, Jhansi, Ujjain, Prayagraj, Mirzapur, Katni and Bareilly. However, Road connectivity to Singrauli remains an issue. Though being on National Highway, commutation to Singrauli by road is difficult. Residents prefer to use trains when travelling to Singrauli. Singrauli Airport is under construction in Katauli village, near District Headquarter.

==Industries==
{{multiple image
| caption1 = NCL coal mines
| width1 = 260
| image1 = Coal mines in singrauli.jpg
| caption2 = Power plant in Singrauli
| width2 = 195
| image2 = Industry in deosar tehsil.jpeg
}}
All major companies operating in Singrauli belongs to Indian energy industry. The operations of companies include mining of coal for power generation. In recent past, several private companies have also joined the league of companies operating in Singrauli. It is expected by 2017 that Singrauli would feed around 35,000 MW of electrical power to the grid alone{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}.

Major companies operating or coming up at Singrauli are:

1. NTPC Limited (3 Power Plant with combined generation capacity of 9760 MW)

2. Coal India Limited ( Through its subsidiary Northern Coalfields Limited annual production 80 Million MT)

3. Reliance Power Limited (3960 MW)

4. Essar Power Limited (1200 MW)

5. DB Power Limited (1320 MW)

The rail department is planning to expand their network here. Recently Singrauli station has been allotted an extra platform.

==Education==
Singrauli has several reputed educational institutes. Prominent among them being:

10 DAV public schools in Nigahi, Dudhichua, Amlohri, Jayant, Waidhan, Suryavihar, Krishnaviharrihandnagar, Khadia, Bina, Kakri, Parasi.

Sapient International Academy (Khanhana) Singrauli.

2 Delhi Public Schools Vindhyanagar, Nigahi Singrauli.

Kendriya Vidyalaya, ( cws Jayant) Singrauli

Christ Jyoti Senior Secondary School Singrauli

Saraswati Sishu Vidya Mandir Singrauli

De Paul School Vindhyanagar

Saraswati Sishu Vidya Mandir Vindhyanagar waidhan, jayant, nandgaon.

St. Joseph's Higher Secondary Waidhan, Shaktinagar

Jyoti School Jayant, singrauli

Navodaya Vidyalaya Pachore

St. Mary's Publicic School Deosar

Beside schools there are colleges which offer bachelor's degrees in various disciplines like Govt. Degree college Waidhan, Govt. Degree college Deosar.
ITI course is available in Govt. ITI College Waidhan.

Diploma in Mine and Mine Surveying, CS, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering is also offered by Government Polytechnic College (pachaur) Waidhan.

==Environmental pollution==
Singrauli region has been identified as a critically polluted area (CPA) by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). Incremental coal mining activities in the region and the rapid development of coal-based thermal power plants has resulted in acute air and water pollution, leading to serious health problems among the residents of the locality, which remain unaddressed.<ref>[http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/singrauli-pollution-matter-serious-concern-admits-high-power-government-panel], Down to earth.</ref> With the coming up of many more power companies the problem is expected to increase. Power plants in the area are poisoning the air and water in the district with mercury, a neurotoxin. Mercury is one of the natural, and perhaps the most harmful, components of coal. During combustion at temperature above 1,100 °C, it vapourises. Given the large quantity of coal burned in thermal plants, a considerable amount of mercury is released into the atmosphere. Some of it cools down and condenses while passing through the plant's boiler and air pollution control system and enters the environment through soil and water. It also enters the environment through run-off from coal mines. In humans, mercury can cause several chronic diseases and death. In 1998, the Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), a premier publicly funded scientific agency based in Lucknow, tested over 1,200 people from the Singrauli region for mercury poisoning. It found high levels of mercury in humans and in the environment.<ref>[http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/silence-best-policy], Down to earth.</ref> The Central Pollution Control Board analysed 11 coal samples from Singrauli and found mercury concentration in coal ranging between 0.09 parts per million (ppm) and 0.487 ppm. In 2011, Delhi-based non-profit [[Centre for Science and Environment]] had found 0.15 ppm mercury in coal at Anpara village in Sonbhadra. It is estimated that a 1,000 MW thermal power plant is emitting at least 500 kg of mercury every year in Singrauli.
Singrauli is the largest emitter of SO2 gas in India, which is the largest emitter of SO2 gas worldwide according to a Greenpeace report.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/press/3489/india-release_latest-air-pollution-data-ranks-worlds-cities-worst-to-best/|title = India Release : Latest air pollution data ranks world's cities worst to best}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mhD3_1H7B90C&pg=PA793&lpg=PA793&dq=singrauli+kharwar+raja+of+history&source=bl&ots=W3ZOhA0zQY&sig=ACfU3U3SYGfxaiaQvRFhY8QJgwzbCATv4g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8jLaSkLrvAhVqyzgGHW5vC6c4ChDoATAGegQIDBAC#v=onepage&q=singrauli%20kharwar%20raja%20of%20history&f=false
==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.singrauli.nic.in}}

{{Rewa Division}}

[[Category:Singrauli| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Singrauli district]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Madhya Pradesh]]

Singrauli - Revision history

imported>Rdp060707: Reverted edits by 2409:4043:2110:E246:5B64:C86D:A4DD:5B69 (talk) to last revision by Citation bot: not adhering to manual of style