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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:27, 18 May 2022
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	[[Image:Sindhri_fort_standing.jpg\|thumb\|Appearance of Sindhri Fort prior to 1819]]		[[Image:Sindhri_fort_standing.jpg\|thumb\|Appearance of Sindhri Fort prior to 1819]]
	{{Coord\| 24.0629\| 69.0550\|display=title}} <!-- approximate coordinates -->		{{Coord\| 24.0629\| 69.0550\|display=title}} <!-- approximate coordinates -->
	'''Sindri Fort''' ('''Sindree''' in old literature) was a fort lying on the Nara river, an eastern arm of the [[Indus River]] upstream of [[Lakhpat]] in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]. It lay in the low flat region of the [[Rann of Kutch]] and was partly destroyed and submerged in an [[1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake\|earthquake on 16 June 1819]]. The region where it stood subsided (sank) during the earthquake. The rapid changes in the landscape of the region were used as an example of geological change by [[Charles Lyell]] in his 1830 ''Principles of Geology'', at a time when the Earth was seen as having been unchanged since "creation".		'''Sindri Fort''' ('''Sindree''' in old literature) was a fort lying on the Nara river, an eastern arm of the [[Indus River]] upstream of [[Lakhpat]] in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]. It lay in the low flat region of the [[Rann of Kutch]] and was partly destroyed and submerged in an [[1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake\|earthquake on 16 June 1819]]. The region where it stood subsided (sank) during the earthquake. The rapid changes in the landscape of the region were used as an example of geological change by [[Charles Lyell]] in his 1830 ''Principles of Geology'', at a time when the Earth was seen as having been unchanged since creation.

	==Destruction and aftermath==		==Destruction and aftermath==

->Carlossuarez46: /* References */ cat

2021-01-13T17:03:25Z

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[[Image:Sindhri_fort_standing.jpg|thumb|Appearance of Sindhri Fort prior to 1819]]
{{Coord| 24.0629| 69.0550|display=title}} 
'''Sindri Fort''' ('''Sindree''' in old literature) was a fort lying on the Nara river, an eastern arm of the [[Indus River]] upstream of [[Lakhpat]] in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]. It lay in the low flat region of the [[Rann of Kutch]] and was partly destroyed and submerged in an [[1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake|earthquake on 16 June 1819]]. The region where it stood subsided (sank) during the earthquake. The rapid changes in the landscape of the region were used as an example of geological change by [[Charles Lyell]] in his 1830 ''Principles of Geology'', at a time when the Earth was seen as having been unchanged since "creation".

==Destruction and aftermath==
<gallery>
File:Sindhri 1838.jpg|Remains of Sindhri fort in 1838
File:Fort Sindree after earthquake.tiff|Fort Sindree after earthquake
File:Sindhri_fort.jpg|Ruins in 1869 as seen by [[Arthur Beavor Wynne]]
File:Kutch geology.jpg|Geological map of the region
</gallery>
Sindri fort was partly damaged by an earthquake in June 1819 and the land in the region [[subsidence|subsided]] and was submerged by rushing waters.<ref>{{Citation|last=Padmalal|first=Akash|title=Correction to: Geomorphic Characteristics and Morphologic Dating of the Allah Bund Fault Scarp, Great Rann of Kachchh, Western India|date=2019|work=Tectonics and Structural Geology: Indian Context|pages=E1|editor-last=Mukherjee|editor-first=Soumyajit|series=Springer Geology|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-99341-6_18|isbn=9783319993416|last2=Khonde|first2=Nitesh|last3=Maurya|first3=D. M.|last4=Shaikh|first4=Mohammedharoon|last5=Kumar|first5=Abhishek|last6=Vanik|first6=Naimisha|last7=Chamyal|first7=L. S.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Some of the people who lived in the fort climbed up a tower and were saved by boats. A strip of land running for fifty miles and lying five miles from the fort rose up after the earthquake to form an embankment. This strip was noticed by the people at the fort and named as "Allah bund" or the mound/embankment of Allah or God. The Indus river changed its course gradually after the earthquake and cut through the newly created bund.<ref>{{cite book| pages=266–267| title=Principles of Geology. Volume 2. |author=Lyell, Charles| year=1832| publisher=John Murray| place=London|url=https://archive.org/stream/PrinciplesgeoloVol2Lyel#page/266/mode/2up}}</ref>

Allah bund is now thought to indicate a [[Fault (geology)|fault line]].<ref>{{cite journal| title=Terrain response to the 1819 Allah Bund earthquake in western Great Rann of Kachchh, Gujarat, India |author1=Thakkar, M. G. |author2=Mamata Ngangom |author3=P. S. Thakker |author4=N. Juyal | journal=Current Science| volume=103| issue=2| year=2012| pages=208–212|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/103/02/0208.pdf}}</ref> When [[Alexander Burnes]] visited the site in 1828 he found a single tower rising above the water. The catastrophic change in the landscape was used as an example of geological change by [[Charles Lyell]] in his landmark ''Principles of Geology'' (1832). Ignatius Donnelly used the destruction and submergence of Sindri Fort as support for the possibility of [[Atlantis]] in his 1882 book ''[[Atlantis: The Antediluvian World]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title= Atlantis: the antediluvian world| author=Donnelly, Ignatius|edition=11| publisher= Harper & brothers| place= New York| year=1882|pages=38–39|url=https://archive.org/stream/atlantisantedil00donn#page/38/mode/1up/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Historiography and commentary on the 16 June 1819 Kutch Earthquake, Gujarat, India| journal=Indian Journal of Geosciences| volume= 68| issue=1| year=2014| pages=57–126|author1=Dasgupta, Sujit| author2=Mukhopadhyay, Basab}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Forts in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Former buildings and structures in India]]

Sindri Fort - Revision history

2A00:23C6:D186:E401:F11D:5154:5466:5ADD: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

->Carlossuarez46: /* References */ cat