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{{Notability|date=July 2023}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2023}}
{{Short description|Indigenous Jats of Sindh.}}
The '''Sindhi Jats''' ([[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]: سنڌي جت/جاٽ) are the [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] population of [[Sindh]].

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Sindhi Jats
| languages = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] (different dialects).
| religions = [[Islam]]
| related_groups = [[Jats]]
}}

== Background ==
The Jats of Sindh are mainly divided into three sections: First are Jutts (Sindhi: جت) known for their ancient ancestral camel-herding profession,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cheesman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQZeAgAAQBAJ&dq=sindhi+jats&pg=PA36 |title=Landlord Power and Rural Indebtedness in Colonial Sind |date=2013-12-16 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-136-79449-0 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> they speak [[Jatki language|Juttki/Jatki]] a very old dialect of [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] language, [[Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai]] has also written some poems in Juttki/Jatki dialect of Sindhi, in his famous book of "[[Shah Jo Risalo|Shah jo Risalo]]". These Jutts are in much love with Shah latif, as much as so they memorize whole book of Shah jo Risalo, and make their children remember the whole book. In fact in older times, the boys and girls were not got married until they memorized the whole book. These jutts are mainly found in "Lāṛu" region of lower Sindh, the city "Jati" is named after them.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries |date=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-0-391-04173-8 |pages=154–160 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The [[Chachnama]] mentions the [[Samma tribe|Sama]], Sahita, [[Channa (tribe)|Channa]], [[Lohana]], [[Med people|Meds]] and [[Jats]] as the ancient indigenous people of Sindh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukhari |first=Mastoor Fatima |title="Development of Buddhism and its Cultural Influence on the Religious Beliefs and Practices of Successive Periods in Sindh" |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Thesis/3253H.pdf |access-date=2023-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001737/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Thesis/3253H.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> In Chachnama chronicles the Sindhi jats were classified on basis of their habitats, like "Jatan-i-gharbi" (the western Jats) and "Jatan-i-Sharqi" (the eastern Jats), living on the eastern and western sides of the [[Indus River]]. In the chronicles Sindhi jats were further classified as "Lab-i-Daryai" (the Jats of River banks), "Jatan-i-Dashti" (the Jats of desert); and "Rustai Jatan" (the jats of villages). They were also classified professionally on the basis of their habitats, such as those jats living on the riverside were in profession of boatmen and boat-makers, the Jats of countryside were swordmakers and were called "Taighzan" (holder of the swords). The ancient port city of [[Debal]] was famous for the manufacture of swords. The "Rustai Jatan" were appointed by the [[Chach of Aror|Chach]] and the Arab commanders as "''Jasoos"'' (spies) and as the "Rahber" (caravan guide). These "Rahber" jats used to guide the caravans on their way during day time and night.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/FatheNamaSindhUrduiqbalkalmati.blogspot.com |title=Fathe Nama Sindh Urdu (Also known as Chachnama) {{!}}{{!}} Australian Islamic Library |language=English}}</ref>

The Sindhi Jats had their origins in [[pastoralism]] in the [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus valley]], the original homeland of the Sindhi Jats was the lower Indus valley. They were nomadic [[Pastoralism|pastoralists]] who had migrated from the lower [[Indus|Indus river valley]] of [[Sindh]] to the northern parts of Sindh and later to [[Punjab]] and other north indian regions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tiemann |first=Günter |date=1963 |title=Review of The Jat of Pakistan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40456070 |journal=Anthropos |volume=58 |issue=5/6 |pages=936–938 |jstor=40456070 |issn=0257-9774}}</ref> They were originally [[Hindus]] by religion and were the earliest people of Indian subcontinent who had interaction with the pre-islamic inhabitants of [[Iran]] and [[Middle East]], multiple trading communities of Jats existed in the [[pre-Islamic Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nahyan |first1=Mansoor Bin Tahnoon Al |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IICXDwAAQBAJ&dq=sindhi+jats&pg=PA108 |title=Tribes of Pakistan |last2=Hussain |first2=Jamal |last3=Ghafoor |first3=Asad ul |date=2019-05-09 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-3439-1 |pages=108 |language=en}}</ref> They were referred as ''Zatts'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: الزُّطِّ, <small>[[Romanization of Arabic|romanized]]:</small> ''Az-Zutt'') by arabs in early Arab writings, and as (''Jat-an) by'' [[Persians]].<ref name=":0" /> They were also present in [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Syria]].

Sindhi Jats were the first people of Indian subcontinent who converted to [[Islam]] during Prophet [[Muhammad]] era, they fought on the side of [[Ali]] in the [[Battle of the Camel]] in 656 under their chief, ''Ali B. Danur.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zakeri |first=Mohsen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VfYnu5F20coC&q=Sasanid+Soldiers+in+Early+Muslim+Society%3A+The+Origins+of+%27Ayy%C4%81r%C4%81n+and+Futuwwa |title=Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of 'Ayyārān and Futuwwa |date=1995 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03652-8 |language=en}}</ref> Some of these Sindhi jats of Arabia also ruled as Emirs, like [[Al-Sari ibn al-Hakam|Al-Sari ibn al Hakam al-Zutti]] who became the emir of [[Egypt]] amidst the [[Abbasid civil war (865–866)|Abbasid civil war]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beg |first=Muhammad Abdul Jabbar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoLdcQAACAAJ |title=Social Mobility in Islamic Civilization: The Classical Period : Y Muhammad Abdul Jabbar Beg |date=1981 |publisher=University of Malaya Press |language=en}}</ref> He was first who established an autonomous Muslim dynasty in Egypt (815–826), and his sons [[Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari]] and [[Abu Nasr ibn al-Sari]] ruled Egypt until it was re-conquered by the Abbasid general [[Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani|Abdallah ibn Tahir]] in 826.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Petry |first=Carl F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3FtXpB_tqMC |title=The Cambridge History of Egypt |date=2008-07-10 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-06885-7 |language=en}}</ref> The Sindhi Jats of Arabia helped [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] in the conquest of Sind in the eighth century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayaram |first=Shail |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi6QpFCZBy8C |title=Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins |date=2003 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-12730-1 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Sindh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]
[[Category:History of Sindh]]
[[Category:Jat]]

Sindhi Jats - Revision history

MatthewEbner: small cleanup section per standard format and added references for accuracy

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article